Laceyiam: Difference between revisions

|ėmīla'''ndra'''

|ėmīl'''arið'''

* Nouns ending in '''-ia, -iā, -ie, '''or '''-iė '''all have accusative singular in '''-vau''' (e.g. ''nahia ''"mountain" > ''nahiavau'') genitive singular in '''-ei''' (''nahia ''> ''nahei''), ablative singular in '''-vų''' (''nahia ''> ''nahiavų''), locative singular in '''-ye '''(''nahia ''> ''nahiaye''); ergative plural in '''-lss '''(''nahia ''> ''nahialss''), genitive plural in '''-riė''' (''nahia ''> ''nahiariė''), and locative plural in '''-rilym '''(''nahia ''> ''nahiarilym'').

''heilenu ''"wind" is an irregular noun which, for the most part, follows the first declension, alternating between ''heilenu- ''stem and umlauted ''høylen- ''stem, the latter used in singular accusative, genitive, essive, and locative, and in every plural form except essive, ablative, and locative. Non-umlauted forms have /u/ replacing any /a/ in the "normal" first declension pattern, becoming breathy-voiced in ablative plural. Ablative singular is ''heilenų'' with a single, breathy-voiced /<span class="">ṳ</span>/; locative plural is ''heilenuilym'', with the /<span class="">ui̯/ diphthong.</span>

|kairė'''ndra'''

|kair'''ėrið'''

* Nouns ending in '''-y '''and '''-ȳ '''have genitive singular in '''-yvi '''(e.g. ''tammy ''"train" > ''tammyvi''); direct plural in '''-r '''(''tammy > tammyr''), ergative plural in '''-ylss '''(> ''tammylss''), genitive plural in '''-yvė '''(> ''tammyvė''), ablative plural in '''-įnie '''(> ''tammįnie''), and locative plural in '''-īlym '''(> ''tammīlym'').

* Nouns ending in '''-iū''' (uncommon, but most notably ''jeniū'' "flower") have ablative singular in '''-ųu '''(''jeniū ''> ''jeniųu'') and various extended plural stems: direct in '''-ūyai '''(> ''jeniūyai''), ergative '''-ūyilss '''(> ''jeniūyilss''), accusative '''-ūyiau '''(> ''jeniūyiau''), translative '''-ūyinam '''(> ''jeniūyinam''), dative '''-ūyið '''(> ''jeniūyið''), and locative in '''-ūlym '''(> ''jeniūlym''). In addition to these, they also keep the long vowel in genitive singular and plural (e.g. > ''jeniūyi, jeniūyė'').

The third declension (''chīkende paiktairathāda'') includes nouns ending in '''-i'''; they are however divided in two different sub-declensions depending on whether they take ''i-umlaut ''or not. Nouns taking ''i-umlaut ''have their root vowel in either '''a, ā''', (both ''a1'' or ''a2'' types) '''u''', or '''ū; '''umlaut is present in every form <u>except</u> direct, ergative, comitative and dative singular and ablative and locative plural.

|tėti'''ndra'''

|gindāmi'''ndra'''

|tėt'''iarið'''

|<span>gind</span>'''ä'''<span>m'''arið'''</span>

|muða'''ndra'''

|m'''ė'''ð'''indra'''

|gunt'''andra'''

|g'''ā'''nt'''indra'''

|lila'''ndra'''

|l'''ei'''l'''indra'''

|m'''įndra'''

|m'''ięndra'''

|ń'''ȳ'''ń'''endra'''

|ń'''ė'''ń'''eindra'''

|b'''y'''n'''endra'''

|b'''ø'''n'''indra'''

|mitū'''ndra'''

|m'''ei'''tū'''ndra'''

|jāyim'''indra'''

|jāyi'''ṃrið'''

|lilla'''ṃśindra'''

|lilla'''ṃṣrið'''

The sixth declension (''tulūʔende paiktairathāda'') is a common one including basically all ''consonant-stem'' nouns, that is, one of those ending in non-nasal consonants except ''-h''. Possible endings are '''-ð, -t, -ṭ '''and '''-r''', and there are also only five nouns (and their compounds) ending in '''-l: '''''līṭhal ''"seafoam", ''khāngertėl ''(a typical Chlegdarim tandoori oven), ''nūrtāl ''"lake", ''ladragyal ''"inn, restaurant", and ''kambāl ''"thousand" (''khial'' "finger, small branch" also does, but its stem is ''kheld-''). This is also one of the two declensions with a distinct vocative singular form, made by adding '''-e''' to the direct singular.

|bhārmat'''indra'''

|bhārmat'''arið'''

Consonant-stem nouns all follow the same pattern as ''bhārmat,'' but there are some differences between them due to saṃdhi and/or dissimilation:

* As seen with ''bhārmat'', all ''t-stems'' have '''-ṭau''' for plural accusative. All other stems except ''r-stems ''(see below) have '''-Crau''' (the ''t-stem ''form is actually a contraction).

* ''ð-stems ''have dative singular in '''-við '''instead of *-ðið (e.g. ''hlūð ''"place, seat, location" > ''hlūvið'') because of dissimilation. Also, in translative singular the '''-a-''' at the beginning of the ending is optional (> ''hlūðanam ''and ''hlūðnam'' are both acceptable, but the first one is more common).

* ''r-stems ''have two different dissimilations: accusative plural has '''-rl-''' instead of *-rr- (e.g. ''leiðir ''"significant other, girlfriend, boyfriend" > ''leiðirlau''), while translative, essive, and dative plural have '''-lar- '''instead of *-rar- (> ''leiðilariu, leiðilarṇam, leiðilarið'').

* ''l-stems'' have '''-lss '''instead of *-lass in ergative singular (e.g. ''nūrtāl ''"lake" > ''nūrtālss'').

|kømb'''antāndra'''

|kømb'''antārið'''

''śvað ''"thread, path, theme, idea, direction" is an irregular noun mostly following the sixth declension. It has a contracted stem ''śvað'' found in singular direct (with vocative ''śvaþe''), accusative, genitive, exessive, essive, and dative (''śvaþið''), and ablative plural. All other forms use an extended stem ''śvatoð'', but´genitive plural is the synchronically irregular ''śvateðė '', and dative plural is attested both in the regular form ''śvatoðarið'' and the irregular ''śvatoþrið''.

Finally, there are a few nouns ending in '''-k'''; these are all Calémerian toponyms borrowed from Kalurilut, like ''Inūkutlāk'' "Ceria", ''Inūlulīk ''"Nivaren", ''Itanāk ''"Nordúlik", ''Inūkṣvāk ''"Evandor", or ''Ittukavik ''"Gathuráni" - these are all declined following the ''t-stem ''rules (without the special rule for plural accusative). Also, some non-assimilated toponyms for cities, rivers, or other features outside Laltīmāhia may end in '''-k''', but they are usually not declined, instead adpositional constructions like ''[name] ga marta ''"city of [name]" is used, with (here) ''marta ''being the declined word.

|ńält'''ąndra'''

|ńälta'''hiarið'''

Note that the noun ''lilėmaiṭah'', the most important concept in the Yūnialtei religion (and, due to this, in the whole Chlegdarim worldview), is an irregular, singular-only noun and declines as seventh declension in direct, genitive, exessive, essive and locative cases, and as a first declension noun (with stem ''lilėmaiṭą-'') elsewhere; it also lacks a vocative form.

|nanai'''ndra'''

|nanai'''rað'''