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There is also an ''instrumental'' form, but it is independent of voice despite having much in common with them. | There is also an ''instrumental'' form, but it is independent of voice despite having much in common with them. | ||
Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''': three imperfective ones - '''present, imperfect''', and '''future''' - and two perfective ones - '''perfect''' and '''aorist'''; two other tenses are built periphrastically (''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect).</ | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''': three imperfective ones - '''present, imperfect''', and '''future''' - and two perfective ones - '''perfect''' and '''aorist'''; two other tenses are built periphrastically (''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect).<br /> | ||
Clitic pronouns may be added to specify other arguments - e.g. ''mešėça'' "he sees" + ''-æl'' (clitic 1sg acc.) > ''mešėçæl'' "he sees me" - equivalent to ''læl mešėça''. | Clitic pronouns may be added to specify other arguments - e.g. ''mešėça'' "he sees" + ''-æl'' (clitic 1sg acc.) > ''mešėçæl'' "he sees me" - equivalent to ''læl mešėça''. | ||
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