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* '''menni''' translates "because, for". If there's a following main clause, then it's the last word in the subordinate of reason (this use is synonymous to the consequential secondary verbal mood of cause); if it's a lone sentence (an answer), then it is usually at the ''second'' place in the sentence, after the verbal trigger (e.g. ''tami menni yuyųlsėça'' "because (s)he wants to eat"). | * '''menni''' translates "because, for". If there's a following main clause, then it's the last word in the subordinate of reason (this use is synonymous to the consequential secondary verbal mood of cause); if it's a lone sentence (an answer), then it is usually at the ''second'' place in the sentence, after the verbal trigger (e.g. ''tami menni yuyųlsėça'' "because (s)he wants to eat"). | ||
* '''en''' usually requires accusative case and translates to English "than" in comparisons. | * '''en''' usually requires accusative case and translates to English "than" in comparisons. | ||
* '''tora''' translates "also", "too", usually before the verb (e.g. ''tora uyųlaṃçait'' "I've eaten that too"); note that "also" as a conjunction between two sentences is usually translated with ''nanū'' (more). | |||
** '''tora gu''' is a particle-adjective locution translating "not even", and is put before the noun it refers to; | |||
** '''tora no''', after the noun, translates "even" - e.g. ''tami tora no dadrāçait'' "even he has done it it"). | |||
* '''gu(n) — ša''' is a circumfix around verbs used to negate it, e.g. ''gu yuyųlsėça ša'' "(s)he doesn't want to eat"). | * '''gu(n) — ša''' is a circumfix around verbs used to negate it, e.g. ''gu yuyųlsėça ša'' "(s)he doesn't want to eat"). | ||
* '''mei''' and '''go''' are the Chlouvānem words for "yes" and "no" respectively; their use is however different from English, as they are used according to the polarity of the question: ''mei'' answers "yes" to affirmative questions and "no" to negative questions; ''go'' answers "no" to affirmative questions and "yes" to negative questions. | * '''mei''' and '''go''' are the Chlouvānem words for "yes" and "no" respectively; their use is however different from English, as they are used according to the polarity of the question: ''mei'' answers "yes" to affirmative questions and "no" to negative questions; ''go'' answers "no" to affirmative questions and "yes" to negative questions. | ||
===Paired particles=== | |||
The paired particles in Chlouvānem are: | |||
* '''gu''' X '''tora gu''' Y '''no''' — translating "neither X nor Y"; e.g. ''gu jādāh tora gu lañekaica no drāliçait'' "neither Jādāh nor Lañekaica did it". | |||
* X '''jusęe''' Y '''mbu''' — translating "either X or Y". ''jusęe'' is a worn-down form of ''jususęe'', adverb form of ''jususas'', present participle of ''gyake'' (to be). e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica mbu drāliçait'' "either Jādāh or Lañekaica did it". | |||
* X '''jusęe''' Y '''tora no''' — translating "both X and Y"; e.g. ''jādāh jusęe lañekaica tora no drāliçait'' "both Jādāh and Lañekaica did it". | |||
==Derivational morphology - Kokampeithauseh maivāndarāmita== | ==Derivational morphology - Kokampeithauseh maivāndarāmita== | ||