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Sharqi: Difference between revisions
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**(''vowel''): vowel that is usually dropped unless it violates phonotactics. | **(''vowel''): vowel that is usually dropped unless it violates phonotactics. | ||
*Before a suffix beginning in a vowel, the ''a'' in ''-aL'' in the perfect and imperfect is dropped (if applicable and allowed). This is represented with square brackets (i.e. ''[a]''). | *Before a suffix beginning in a vowel, the ''a'' in ''-aL'' in the perfect and imperfect is dropped (if applicable and allowed). This is represented with square brackets (i.e. ''[a]''). | ||
*The ''(a/i)'' after ''F'' IS dropped if possible, even if phonotactics require the ''F'' to be changed - e.g. ''katab'' "he wrote", ''ay tigtib'' "do not write". On the other hand, the ''(a/i)'' after ''C'' is dropped only if that will lead to no consonant changes - e.g. ''yikatabuu'' "they write" (not ''*yikadbuu''). | |||
:e.g. ''sabar'' "he broke" + ''-ag'' "you (object)" → ''sabrag'' "he broke you" (not *''sabarag'') | :e.g. ''sabar'' "he broke" + ''-ag'' "you (object)" → ''sabrag'' "he broke you" (not *''sabarag'') | ||
::BUT ''baddal'' "he changed" + ''-ag'' → ''baddalag'' "he changed you" (*''baddlag'' violates phonotactics). | ::BUT ''baddal'' "he changed" + ''-ag'' → ''baddalag'' "he changed you" (*''baddlag'' violates phonotactics). | ||
*Some verbs have ''aa'' after the first root consonant instead of ''a'' - e.g. ''baarag'' "bless". In this case, it is never dropped. Any high tones that would apply to ''a'' are applied to the second ''a'' of ''aa'' (i.e. ''aá''). | *Some verbs have ''aa'' after the first root consonant instead of ''a'' - e.g. ''baarag'' "bless". In this case, it is never dropped. Any high tones that would apply to ''a'' are applied to the second ''a'' of ''aa'' (i.e. ''aá''). | ||
*The infinitive takes the form '' | *The infinitive takes the form ''FáCL(i)'' if the cluster ''CL'' is not forbidden (with the ''-i'' inserted if ''C'' is not ''y'' or ''w''). If it is forbidden<!-- I feel like I'm talking about UV-Vis-->, the infinitive takes the form ''FáCaL''. | ||
('''Note:''' The tones in the perfect and imperfect will most likely be removed, but I'm leaving them here for now in case I decide to keep them) | ('''Note:''' The tones in the perfect and imperfect will most likely be removed, but I'm leaving them here for now in case I decide to keep them) | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| <center>2S</center> || <center>'''''tiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaCáLka'''''</center> || <center>''qadálka''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiiLag'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilag''</center>|| <center>'''''FíCaL'''''</center> || <center>''qídal''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(i)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center> | | <center>2S</center> || <center>'''''tiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaCáLka'''''</center> || <center>''qadálka''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiiLag'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilag''</center>|| <center>'''''FíCaL'''''</center> || <center>''qídal''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(i)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>'''''yiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''yiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''qád[a]l''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>3SM</center> || <center>'''''yiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''yiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''qád[a]l''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLaw'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilaw''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdal''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>'''''tiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaC(a)Lád'''''</center> || <center>''qadlád''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>3SF</center> || <center>'''''tiFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaC(a)Lád'''''</center> || <center>''qadlád''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLaa'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilaa''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>1P</center> || <center>'''''niFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''niqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''niF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''niqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCáLna'''''</center> || <center>''qadálna''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>1P</center> || <center>'''''niFáC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''niqád[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''niF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''niqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCáLna'''''</center> || <center>''qadálna''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLan'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilan''</center>|| <center>'''''níF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''níqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''níF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''níqdal''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>2P</center> || <center>'''''tiFaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''tiqadluú''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CiLuú'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdiluú''</center>||<center>'''''FaCaLkuú'''''</center> || <center>''qadalkuú''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>2P</center> || <center>'''''tiFaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''tiqadluú''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CiLuú'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdiluú''</center>||<center>'''''FaCaLkuú'''''</center> || <center>''qadalkuú''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLkun'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilkun''</center>|| <center>'''''FíC(i)Luu'''''</center> || <center>''qídluu''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíLuu'''''</center> || <center>''tiqdíluu''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>3P</center> || <center>'''''yiFaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''yiqadluú''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CiLuú'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdiluú''</center>||<center>'''''FaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''qadluú''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>3P</center> || <center>'''''yiFaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''yiqadluú''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CiLuú'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdiluú''</center>||<center>'''''FaC(a)Luú'''''</center> || <center>''qadluú''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLun'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilun''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(i)CiLuu'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdiluu''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíLuu'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdíluu''</center> | ||
<!--|- | <!--|- | ||
| <center>IMP</center> || <center>'''''yiFáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''yiqádlas''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíLas'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdílas''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''qádlas''</center> || <center>''''' | | <center>IMP</center> || <center>'''''yiFáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''yiqádlas''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíLas'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdílas''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''qádlas''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiLays'''''</center> || <center>''qadiilays''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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***''aw(a)/wa'' becomes ''oo'' - e.g. ''koon'' "he was/became" (from ''*kawan''). | ***''aw(a)/wa'' becomes ''oo'' - e.g. ''koon'' "he was/became" (from ''*kawan''). | ||
***''wi'' becomes ''uu'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''ay tukuun'' "do not become" (from ''*tikwin''). | ***''wi'' becomes ''uu'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''ay tukuun'' "do not become" (from ''*tikwin''). | ||
***''awi'' becomes ''oy'' - e.g. ''koynaw'' "him being" (from ''*kawinaw'') | |||
**y, yC, or Cy: | **y, yC, or Cy: | ||
***''ay(a)/ya'' becomes ''ee'' - e.g. ''keed'' "he walked/went" (from ''*kayad''). | ***''ay(a)/ya'' becomes ''ee'' - e.g. ''keed'' "he walked/went" (from ''*kayad''). | ||
***''yi'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''ay tikiid'' "do not walk/go" (from ''*tikyid''). | ***''yi'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''ay tikiid'' "do not walk/go" (from ''*tikyid''). | ||
***''ayi'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''kaydaw'' "him walking/going" (from ''*kayidaw''). | |||
*If ''L'' is:- | *If ''L'' is:- | ||
**y: | **y: | ||
***''(a)ya'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''*sallayad''). | ***''(a)ya'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''*sallayad''). | ||
***''iy'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. '' | ***Final ''iy'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''*silliy''). | ||
***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCiy-'' (''FaCii-'' before a consonant). | ***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCiy-'' (''FaCii-'' before a consonant). | ||
**w: | **w: | ||
***''(a)wa'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''*cafwad''). | ***''(a)wa'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''*cafwad''). | ||
***''iw'' becomes '' | ***Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''*cifiw''). | ||
***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCuw-'' (''FaCuu-'' before a consonant). | ***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCuw-'' (''FaCuu-'' before a consonant). | ||
*Normal sandhi rules apply - e.g. ''sallaygu'' "I prayed" (from ''*sallay-ku''). | *Normal sandhi rules apply - e.g. ''sallaygu'' "I prayed" (from ''*sallay-ku''). | ||