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Elasian: Difference between revisions
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
{{Main|Elasian morphology}} | |||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns are inflected for five cases - nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and the instrumental. In addition to this they are inflected for grammatical number. | Nouns are inflected for five cases - nominative ({{sc|nom}}), accusative ({{sc|acc}}), genitive ({{sc|gen}}), dative ({{sc|dat}}) and the instrumental ({{sc|ins}}). In addition to this, they are inflected for grammatical number. All of this is carried out by suffixes to the ''stem'' of the word; this is a predominantly agglutinative process, markers are tacked on after each other. A mild hint of fusion can be detected in certain suffixes — the genitive plural ''-un'' — appears to be related to both the genitive ''-o'' and the pluralisation marker ''-en''. | ||
====Case==== | |||
The [[w:Nominative case|nominative case]] ({{sc|nom}}) is used for the subject in both transitive and intransitive sentences. Additionally, it is used as the citation form for nouns. | |||
:''example sentence using word'' | |||
:Leipzig gloss goes here | |||
:"English translation here." | |||
The [[w:Accusative case|accusative case]] ({{sc|acc}}) is used to signal the direct object of a sentence. | |||
:''example sentence using word'' | |||
:Leipzig gloss here | |||
:"English translation here." | |||
The [[w:Genitive case|genitive case]] ({{sc|gen}}) is used to express relationships between nouns, it is marked on the possessor, similarly to English; in Elasian inalienable possession is expressed using a specific set of words and not by the genitive case. | |||
:''example sentence using word'' | |||
:Leipzig gloss here | |||
:"English translation here." | |||
The [[w:Dative case|dative case]] ({{sc|dat}}) is used to signal the indirect object of a sentence. It is also used for situations in which an action benefits or damages a party. | |||
:''example sentence using word'' | |||
:Leipzig gloss here | |||
:"English translation here." | |||
The [[w:Instrumental case|instrumental case]] ({{sc|ins}}) is used to indicate the means by which an action is carried out. It is additionally used to indicate companionship. | |||
:''example sentence using word'' | |||
:Leipzig gloss here | |||
:"English translation here." | |||
<!-- decl. of arak | |||
:''arak, arax, arako, araká, arakem'' | :''arak, arax, arako, araká, arakem'' | ||
:''araken, araxen, arakun, arakán, arakemen'' | :''araken, araxen, arakun, arakán, arakemen'' | ||
--> | |||
<!-- Here are some example subcategories: | <!-- Here are some example subcategories: | ||