Af Mexee/Verbs: Difference between revisions

Af Mexee/Verbs (view source)

Revision as of 21:22, 28 March 2017

2,024 bytes added , 28 March 2017

→‎Class III: Adjectival Conjugation

Shariifka

6,897

edits

@@ Line 404: / Line 404: @@
 ===Class III: Adjectival Conjugation===
-The adjectival conjugation is used for adjectives and a few stative verbs such as love and hate (which in Somali are adjectives). All Class III verbs are stative, but not all stative verbs are class 3. The citation form for Class III verbs is the third person singular short present indicative. The most basic Class III verb is ''eh'' "being" (stem: ''eh-''). The present has two forms which are used differently.
+The adjectival conjugation is used for adjectives and a few stative verbs such as love and hate (which in Somali are adjectives). All Class III verbs are stative, but not all stative verbs are class 3. The citation form for Class III verbs is the third person singular short present indicative. The most basic Class III verb is ''eh'' "being" (stem: ''eh-''). The present has two forms which are used differently. Notice that in the "long present", the stem becomes ''ee-''. In fact, the long present endings were originally forms of the verb ''eh'' (e.g. ''eéya'' "I am" from ''éh aha'', where ''aha'' is the original 1S prefixed present).
+<!--
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|+ Class III: ''aháan''
+|+ Class III: ''eh''
-! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="10" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ah<b>áan</b>''</span></center>
+! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="10" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ah<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
 |-
 ! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="10" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ah<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
@@ Line 414: / Line 415: @@
 !  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! Present Negative !! | Past Affirmative !! Past Negative !! Imperative Affirmative !! Imperative Negative
 |-
-| <center>1S</center> || <center>''ah<b>a</b>''</center>||<center>''íh<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''ih<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aay</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''ah<b>aaýn</b>''</center> || colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
+| <center>1S</center> || <center>''ah<b>a</b>''</center>||<center>''íh<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''ih<b>í</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aay</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''ah<b>aaýn</b>''</center> || colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
 |-
-| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tah<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''tíh<b>id</b>''</center> ||<center>''tih<b>íd</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayti</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>oów</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>áanin</b>''</center>
+| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tah<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''tíh<b>id</b>''</center> ||<center>''tih<b>íd</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayti</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>oó</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>aánin</b>''</center>
 |-
 | <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yah<b>a</b>''</center>||  <center>''éh''</center>|| <center>''(y)ah<b>á</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aay</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
@@ Line 427: / Line 428: @@
 |-
 | <center>3P</center> || <center>''yih<b>íin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>áan</b>''/''yih<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayéen</b>''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
+|}
+-->
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+|+ Class III: ''eh''
+! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="10" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ah<b>áan</b>''</span></center>
+|-
+! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="10" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ah<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
+|-
+!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! Present Negative !! | Past Affirmative !! Past Negative !! Imperative Affirmative !! Imperative Negative
+|-
+| <center>1S</center> || <center>''eé<b>ya</b>''</center>||<center>''íh<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''ih<b>í</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aay</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''ah<b>aaýn</b>''</center> || colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
+|-
+| <center>2S</center> || <center>''eé<b>tha</b>''</center>|| <center>''tíh<b>id</b>''</center> ||<center>''tih<b>íd</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayti</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>oó</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>aánin</b>''</center>
+|-
+| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''eé<b>ya</b>''</center>||  <center>''éh''</center>|| <center>''(y)ah<b>á</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aay</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
+|-
+| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''eé<b>tha</b>''</center>||  <center>''éh''</center>||<center>''(t)ah<b>á</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayti</b>''</center>
+|-
+| <center>1P</center> || <center>''eé<b>na</b>''</center> ||  <center>''níh<b>in</b>''</center>||<center>''nih<b>ín</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayni</b>''</center>
+|-
+| <center>2P</center> || <center>''eé<b>thíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''tih<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center> || <center>''tih<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>aaytéen</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aátha</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanína</b>''</center>
+|-
+| <center>3P</center> || <center>''eé<b>yíin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>áan</b>''/''yih<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayéen</b>''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
 |}
+The verb ''leh'' "having, owning" is conjugated as ''eh''. Other Class III verbs are conjugated similarly. e.g. ''cas'' "red" (stem: ''cas-'').
-Other Class III verbs are based off of this. e.g. ''cas'' "red" (stem: ''cas-'').
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+ Class III
+|+ Class III: cas
 |-
-! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-áan''</span></center> || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''cas<b>áan</b>''</span></center>
+! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aán''</span></center> || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''cas<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
 |-
 ! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aashó'' (''-aashá-'') </span></center> || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''cas<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
@@ Line 441: / Line 465: @@
 !  !! colspan="4" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Negative !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
 |-
-| <center>1S</center> ||  <center>''-́aha''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>aha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́i''</center> || <center>''cás<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ó''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aay''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aay</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-aanín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''cas<b>aaýn</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
+| <center>1S</center> ||  <center>''-́a''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́i''</center> || <center>''cás<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''-í''</center> || <center>''cas<b>í</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aay''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aay</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-aanín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''cas<b>aaýn</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
 |-
-| <center>2S</center> ||  <center>''-́taha''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>taha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́id''</center> || <center>''cás<b>id</b>''</center>|| <center>''-íd''</center> ||  <center>''cas<b>íd</b>''</center>||<center>''-aayti''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayti</b>''</center>|| <center>''–oó''</center> || <center>''cas<b>oó</b>''</center>|| <center>''–áanin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>áanin</b>''</center>
+| <center>2S</center> ||  <center>''-́ta''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>ta</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́id''</center> || <center>''cás<b>id</b>''</center>|| <center>''-íd''</center> ||  <center>''cas<b>íd</b>''</center>||<center>''-aayti''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayti</b>''</center>|| <center>''–oó''</center> || <center>''cas<b>oó</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aánin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aánin</b>''</center>
 |-
-| <center>3SM</center> ||  <center>''-́yaha''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>yaha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́''</center> || <center>''cás''</center>|| <center>''-á''</center> || <center>''cas<b>á</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aay''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aay</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
+| <center>3SM</center> ||  <center>''-́ya''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>ya</b>''</center>|| <center>''-́''</center> || <center>''cás''</center>|| <center>''-á''</center> || <center>''cas<b>á</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aay''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aay</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |
 |-
-| <center>3SF</center> ||  <center>''-́taha''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>taha</b>''</center> || <center>''-́''</center> || <center>''cás''</center>|| <center>''-á''</center> || <center>''cas<b>á</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayti''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayti</b>''</center>
+| <center>3SF</center> ||  <center>''-́ta''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>ta</b>''</center> || <center>''-́''</center> || <center>''cás''</center>|| <center>''-á''</center> || <center>''cas<b>á</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayti''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayti</b>''</center>
 |-
-| <center>1P</center> ||  <center>''-́naha''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>naha</b>''</center> || <center>''-́in''</center> || <center>''cás<b>in</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-ín''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayni''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayni</b>''</center>
+| <center>1P</center> ||  <center>''-́na''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>na</b>''</center> || <center>''-́in''</center> || <center>''cás<b>in</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-ín''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayni''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayni</b>''</center>
 |-
-| <center>2P</center> ||  <center>''-́tihíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>tihíin</b>''</center> || <center>''-́(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cás<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaytéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aaytéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>||  <center>''cas<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aanína</b>''</center>
+| <center>2P</center> ||  <center>''-́tíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>tíin</b>''</center> || <center>''-́(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cás<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaytéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aaytéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>||  <center>''cas<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aanína</b>''</center>
 |-
-| <center>3P</center> ||  <center>''-́yihíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>yihíin</b>''</center>  || <center>''-́áan''</center> || <center>''cás<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-áan''</center> || <center>''cas<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
+| <center>3P</center> ||  <center>''-́yíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>yíin</b>''</center>  || <center>''-́áan''</center> || <center>''cás<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-áan''</center> || <center>''cas<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
 |}
-*An important (and slightly irregular) Class III verb is ''leh'' "having, owning". It is conjugated regular except for the long present, where the stem becomes ''lee-''. An epithetic ''y'' is inserted in the first person singular. e.g. ''léenaha'' "we have/own" (instead of ''*léhnaha''), ''leéyaha'' "I have, he has" (instead of ''*léhaha, *léhyaha'').
 ==Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice==