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→Use of tenses: Past vs. Perfect
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: ''marte mīmīšviyek kite lįnek no'' - "(s)he kept being seen in the city, and [therefore] remained at home" ((s)he has since gone out of home). | : ''marte mīmīšviyek kite lįnek no'' - "(s)he kept being seen in the city, and [therefore] remained at home" ((s)he has since gone out of home). | ||
: ''marte mīšimīšveya kite ilįna no'' - "(s)he has kept being seen in the city, and [therefore] she has remained at home" (actual meaning dependent on a broader context, e.g. ''āñjulā tatantepepeithnaiṣyes'' "you can find him/her there" (potential agent-trigger future of ''tatāpeithake'' (''ta-tad-peith-'') "to find (frequentative)")). | : ''marte mīšimīšveya kite ilįna no'' - "(s)he has kept being seen in the city, and [therefore] she has remained at home" (actual meaning dependent on a broader context, e.g. ''āñjulā tatantepepeithnaiṣyes'' "you can find him/her there" (potential agent-trigger future of ''tatāpeithake'' (''ta-tad-peith-'') "to find (frequentative)")). | ||
In narrative, it is common to use the perfect for a completed action and the (aspectless) past for an action that begins immediately after (examples taken from the excerpt "[[#A_festive_day|A festive day]]", among the example texts on this page): | |||
: ''naina mæn ～ domanom nañamṛca kautepuglek'' - "Naina ran<small>PERF</small> into the room [and] woke [us] up<small>PAST</small>" | |||
: ''hālkenīs yanomųvima keikom namṛcñāja'' - "we jumped out<small>PERF</small> of the beds and ran<small>PAST</small> into the yard" | |||
: ''tainā mæn yanelīsa pārṇami nacu ilakakte nainęs lā fuldek'' - "Tainā came out<small>PERF</small> [of the washing room], got dressed<small>PERF</small> for the day, and played<small>PAST</small> with Naina" | |||
Compare this other example from the same text where the last two verbs are both in the past because they're ''contemporaneous'': | |||
: ''nilāmulka mæn maildomanom nañelīsa tainā lili no ṣveye primirtaram ñumirlam'' - "Nilāmulka entered<small>PERF</small> the washing room and me and Tainā sit<small>PAST</small> behind the wall and waited<small>PAST</small>" | |||
====The optative mood==== | ====The optative mood==== | ||