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Cerian: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs
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| '''téčá''' || téčošon | | '''téčá''' || téčošon | ||
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===Verbs=== | |||
Cerian verbs may be said to be more morphologically complex than Íscégon ones, as grammaticalization added a completely new tense - the future - and a new aspect - the habitual. On the other hand, the older past continuous has been replaced in form by the shorter non-continuous past, as the two perfective tenses (future and past) are now analytic. On the other hand, the subjunctive of all verbs except "to be" (''íso'') is now analytically formed by the participle plus the subjunctive of ''íso''. Note that the "present perfective" is semantically past, and the "past perfective" is a pluperfect. | |||
Conjugation of "to be" ''(íso)'' — where two forms are given, the first is masculine and the other is feminine. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | ↓ Tense / → Aspect !! colspan=3 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! Habitual !! Continuous !! Perfective !! Habitual !! Continuous !! Perfective | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| ešon || esu || fedí esu || ešončen || fášučen || fedí fášučen | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| esítin || sétu<br/>sétin || fedí sétu<br/>fedí sétin || ešoná || fáená || fedí fáená | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| esínzión || zoníso<br/>zoníten || fedí zoníso<br/>fedí zoníten || ešizínon || díteníso<br/>díníten || fedí díteníso<br/>fedí díníten | |||
|- | |||
! Active participle | |||
| colspan=2 | endáe || fedí || colspan=3 | | |||
|- | |||
! Verbal noun | |||
| colspan=6 | íso | |||
|- | |||
! Informal imperative | |||
| colspan=6 | enše | |||
|- | |||
! Formal imperative | |||
| colspan=6 | enšečen | |||
|} | |||
Example conjugation of another verb - ''čéléton'' "to read" (stem ''čélét-''): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | ↓ Tense / → Aspect !! colspan=3 | Indicative !! colspan=3 | Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! Habitual !! Continuous !! Perfective !! Habitual !! Continuous !! Perfective | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| čéléteon || máčéléti || čéletí esu || čéletáe ešončen || čéletáe fášučen || čéletí fášučen | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| čéletótín || sočéléti || čéletí sétu<br/> čéletí sétin || čéletáe ešoná || čéletáe fáená || čéletí fáená | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| čélénzión || zončéléti || čéletí zoníso<br/> čéletí zoníten || čéletáe ešizínon || čéletáe díteníso<br/> čéletáe díníten || čéletí díteníso<br/> čéletí díníten | |||
|- | |||
! Active participle | |||
| colspan=2 | čéletáe || čéletí || colspan=3 | | |||
|- | |||
! Passive participle | |||
| colspan=2 | čéleté || čéletéco || colspan=3 | | |||
|- | |||
! Verbal noun | |||
| colspan=6 | čéléton | |||
|- | |||
! Informal imperative | |||
| colspan=6 | čéléše | |||
|- | |||
! Formal imperative | |||
| colspan=6 | čéléšečen | |||
|} | |||
Passive forms are formed by using the passive participles instead of the active ones; habitual and continuous indicative use the participles with the respective forms of ''íso'' (e.g. ''čeletótín'' → ''čéleté esítin'', ''zončéléti'' → ''čéleté zoníso/zoníten'') | |||
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