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User:Waahlis/Sandbox/Ris: Difference between revisions
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→Unaccusatives and unergatives
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===Unaccusatives and | ===Unaccusatives, unergatives and inversion of cases=== | ||
[[Image:Alignment-qri.png|right|thumb|An illustration of the Ris alignment of verbal arguments, as a function of control, unergatives and unaccusatives.|450px]] | [[Image:Alignment-qri.png|right|thumb|An illustration of the Ris alignment of verbal arguments, as a function of control, unergatives and unaccusatives.|450px]] | ||
Not all intransitive verbs are marked as described above. This only applies to Ris unaccusative verbs. The Ris unergative verbs instead inverse the marking, using the agentive as a default, low-control marking, and the patientive for high-control subjects. | Not all intransitive verbs are marked as described above. This only applies to Ris unaccusative verbs. The Ris unergative verbs instead inverse the marking, using the agentive as a default, low-control marking, and the patientive for high-control subjects. | ||
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|translation = I am trying to sleep. | |translation = I am trying to sleep. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Unergatives are intransitive verbs and have a semantic agent as their subject. When the subject is marked with the agentive case, the verb almost unaccusative, lowering the volition, control and agency with the syntactic subject. Thus, an unergative in the agentive conveys a feeling of involuntary actions, or trying. | Unergatives are intransitive verbs and have a semantic agent as their subject. When the subject is marked with the agentive case, the verb almost unaccusative, lowering the volition, control and agency with the syntactic subject. In the gloss, unergatives have the letters {{sc|inv}}} before the casees. Thus, an unergative with a subject in the agentive conveys a feeling of involuntary actions, or trying. | ||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = He gāmi! | |||
|IPA = /hɛ gaːˈmi/ | |||
|morphemes = he gām-{{blue|i}} | |||
|gloss = 3.PROX.MA.SG to come.ACT-IND.IMPV-{{blue|INV.PAT}}.3.SG | |||
|translation = He's coming! | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Antiou rhaistos... | |phrase = Antiou rhaistos... | ||
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|IPA = /tɪ ˈr̥ʰaːs/ | |IPA = /tɪ ˈr̥ʰaːs/ | ||
|morphemes = ti rha-{{red|as}} | |morphemes = ti rha-{{red|as}} | ||
|gloss = what.PAT.SG to talk.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{red|INV.AGT}}. | |gloss = what.PAT.SG to talk.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{red|INV.AGT}}.2.SG | ||
|translation = What are you trying to say? | |translation = What are you trying to say? | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|IPA = /kɪnɪˈd͡zas kɪnɪˈd͡zas/ | |IPA = /kɪnɪˈd͡zas kɪnɪˈd͡zas/ | ||
|morphemes = kiniz-{{red|as}} | |morphemes = kiniz-{{red|as}} | ||
|gloss = to drive.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{red|INV.AGT}}. | |gloss = to drive.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{red|INV.AGT}}.2.SG | ||
|translation = You're driving, you're driving! (''How is it possible?'') | |translation = You're driving, you're driving! (''How is it possible?'') | ||
}} | }} | ||