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Adwan: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Lexemes are given types, and are further distinguished amongst other lexeme types via different inflection paradigms. A lexeme typically consists of a root and an ending. A great deal of Adwan grammar may effectively be described using the correct operations of concatenation of strings (i.e., adding strings of letters to words) and vowel and consonant morphisms, in which parts of current endings are changed rather than having any new endings appended). Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners are declined according to four morphological cases and two numbers, while verbs are conjugated for person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and follow a pattern of conjugating pronouns in compound constructions. Nouns follow a relatively simple declension paradigm, while verb conjugations follow a more complex pattern of use. Adjectives have two separate declension paradigms and the distinction between the two paradigms plays a large role in further compound verb constructions. Furthermore, determiners share the same declension paradigm as verb participles used in certain constructions. | Lexemes are given types, and are further distinguished amongst other lexeme types via different inflection paradigms. A lexeme typically consists of a root and an ending. A great deal of Adwan grammar may effectively be described using the correct operations of concatenation of strings (i.e., adding strings of letters to words) and vowel and consonant morphisms, in which parts of current endings are changed rather than having any new endings appended). Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners are declined according to four morphological cases and two numbers, while verbs are conjugated for person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and follow a pattern of conjugating pronouns in compound constructions. Nouns follow a relatively simple declension paradigm, while verb conjugations follow a more complex pattern of use. Adjectives have two separate declension paradigms and the distinction between the two paradigms plays a large role in further compound verb constructions. Furthermore, determiners share the same declension paradigm as verb participles used in certain constructions. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || -yn || -ynna | | Genitive || -yn || -ynna | ||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are perhaps the most heavily used part of speech in the Adwan language as a whole, and aside from a few crucial inflections, follow a relatively simple agglutivative structure. Verbs all end in the same infinitive ending of -an. In finite forms, verbs are inflected according to person and number (these inflections are simultaneously structurally distinct but not phonemically separable), tense (where the present tense indicative, the marker is null), mood (indicative vs conditional vs subjunctive), and aspect (perfective vs imperfective). Verbs have a large inventory of constructions, and are thus divided into simple constructions, consisting of verb conjugations acting on the same stem as the verb, and into compound constructions, which are the verbal forms associated with certain morphisms. Verb endings are given in pairs of the form a/b, where a = imperfective aspect, b = perfective aspect. | |||
The vowel morphisms on verbs determines which combinations of vowels determine which grammatical meaning. In our case, we can view vowel morphisms as permutations of vowel phonemes, denoted by an asterisk. So if 'u' were to get mapped to the vowel 'e', then we would write u* = e. Below is a table of the vowel morphism used. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! vowel (U) !! new vowel (U*) !! identity | |||
|- | |||
| a || o || a* = o | |||
|- | |||
| e || y || e* = y | |||
|- | |||
| i || i || i* = i | |||
|- | |||
| o || w || o* = w | |||
|- | |||
| u || e || u* = e | |||
|- | |||
| w || a || w* = a | |||
|- | |||
| y || u || y * = u | |||
|} | |||
====Realis==== | |||
There is only really one realis mood, and that's the indicative mood. | |||
=====Present===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| 1 || -um/em || -amg/omg | |||
|- | |||
| 2 || -et/yt || -utg/etg | |||
|- | |||
| 3 || -yr/ur || -erg/yrg | |||
|- | |||
| 4 || -ys/us || -eth/yth | |||
|} | |||
=====Past===== | |||
Notice that the past tense is formed by inserting a variable infix after the root of the verb but before the personal endings. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| 1 || -eghum/yghem || -ocamg/wcomg | |||
|- | |||
| 2 || -yghet/ughyt || -utg/etg | |||
|- | |||
| 3 || -yr/ur || -erg/yrg | |||
|- | |||
| 4 || -ys/us || -eth/yth | |||
|} | |} | ||