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Nordulaki: Difference between revisions
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Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ]. | Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ]. | ||
Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, | Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| reutux || reutorx || werzis || werzorx || paulénys || paulénorx | | reutux || reutorx || werzis || werzorx || paulénys || paulénorx | ||
|} | |} | ||
Some nouns, particularly those formed with certain suffixes (like ''-i ～ -in-''), do not change their stress when declined, so that it is orthographically marked in derived forms. An example is ''sexki, séxkinor'' (city, cities) | |||
Nordulaki has grammatical gender, with a basic masculine/feminine distinction, and the notable feature (shared with Spyŋun and Gathura, but not Landward Velken languages) of having an animate/inanimate distinction in the plural, where animate nouns are still either masculine or feminine but inanimate nouns are, for matter of adjectival concordance, singular feminine - this is not shown on the nouns but on the adjectives (pluractional verbs used for them are still plural, however). | Nordulaki has grammatical gender, with a basic masculine/feminine distinction, and the notable feature (shared with Spyŋun and Gathura, but not Landward Velken languages) of having an animate/inanimate distinction in the plural, where animate nouns are still either masculine or feminine but inanimate nouns are, for matter of adjectival concordance, singular feminine - this is not shown on the nouns but on the adjectives (pluractional verbs used for them are still plural, however). | ||
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: ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine sg. animate) | : ''paulenor neuxnor'' "beautiful girls" (feminine sg. animate) | ||
: ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate) | : ''fartor neuken'' "beautiful hills" (masculine sg. inanimate) | ||
: '' | : ''séxkinor neuken'' "beautiful cities" (feminine sg. inanimate) | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||