Tigol/Proto-Tigol/Morphology

Todo

A nice TAM matrix pattern for affixes to follow

present : imperfect :: preterite : pluperfect :: future :: future in the past :: jussive : optative?

present : imperfect : preterite :: future : future-in-the-past : future perfect :: jussive : - : optative

Article

Singular definite article

Case	Masculine sg.	Feminine sg.	Neuter sg.	Masculine sg.	Feminine sg.	Neuter sg.
Nom.	φīnom	φīnoi	φīnos
Genitive	φīnō	φīnot~φīnt	φīnō
Dative	φīnomi	φīnōs	φīnomi

Ablaut

Root ablaut occurs in some stems in verbs and derived nouns. Ablauting verbs follow one of the patterns below (modulo compensatory lengthening); the present stem is in what is called the "a-grade" in Quihum linguistics, and the preterite stem has the "i-grade".

• present stem a - preterite stem e
• present stem ā - preterite stem ī
• present stem o - preterite stem i
• present stem ō - preterite stem ī
• present stem ō - preterite stem ē
• present stem oe - preterite stem ē
• present stem ao - preterite stem iu
• present stem ao - preterite stem eo

Nouns and adjectives

TODO: Make nouns more fusional, less agglutinative

Thensarian nouns inflect for singulative, collective, and plurative numbers; nominative and accusative cases; and absolute and construct state.

The collective form is formed by reduplicating the singular form.

Other construct endings: -bim or -bis

Masculine nouns

Possible endings: -am, -em, -im, -om, -um, -ōr

C-stems

Consonant stem:

māram 'tree'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	māram	māres
	Construct	mārae	mārobes
Genitive	Absolute	mārim	mārini
	Construct	mārobim	māroes
Accusative	Absolute	māre	māreis
	Construct	mārae	mārobes

o-stems

o-stem:

δoerom 'bird'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	δoerom	δoeroes, δoeroe
	Construct	δoerot	δoerobes
Genitive	Absolute	δoerō	δoerāni
	Construct	δoerobim	δoerīs
Accusative	Absolute	δoerom	δoereis
	Construct	δoerot	δoerobes

i-stems

i-stem:

dlovim 'plant, vegetable'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	dlovim	dloveis
	Construct	dlovit	dlovīni
Genitive	Absolute	dlovei	dlovibos
	Construct	dlovibim	dlovīs
Accusative	Absolute	dlovī	dloveis
	Construct	dlovit	dlovīni

u-stems

svatnum 'sea'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	svatnum	svatnōs
	Construct	svatnut	svatnubos
Genitive	Absolute	svatnui	svatnūni
	Construct	svatnubim	svatnūs
Accusative	Absolute	svatnū	svatnuis
	Construct	svatnut	svatnubos

Feminine nouns

Possible endings: -ae, -ī, -ui, -i, -s-/-n- -ants/-ann-

o/a-stems

gondae 'body'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	gondae	gondor
	Construct	gondām	gondās
Genitive	Absolute	gondea	gondābos
	Construct	gondābim	gondaeos
Accusative	Absolute	gondā	gondān
	Construct	gondām	gondās

i-stems

tīmī 'hand'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	tīmī	tīmir
	Construct	tīmēm	tīmēs
Genitive	Absolute	tīmia	tīmēbos
	Construct	tīmēbim	tīmeios
Accusative	Absolute	{{{9}}}	{{{10}}}
	Construct	tīmēm	tīmēs

u-stems

matlui 'snake'

		Singulative	Plurative
Nominative	Absolute	matlui	matlur
	Construct	matlūm	matlūs
Genitive	Absolute	matlua	matlābos
	Construct	matlābim	matlāvos
Accusative	Absolute	{{{9}}}	{{{10}}}
	Construct	matlūm	matlūs

Possessed forms

cabnants 'woman'
	Singulative	Collective	Plurative
absolute	cabnants	cecabnants	cabnannar
construct	cabnannam	cecabnannam	cabnannas

Possessed forms of gondā - 'body'
Number→ State↓	Singulative	Plurative
Construct	gondām	gondās
1sg possessor	gondaen	gondannan
2sg.m possessor	gondaessi	gondannassi
2sg.f possessor	gondaessy	gondannassy
3sg.m possessor	gondae	gondanny
3sg.f possessor	gondaeī	gondannī
3sg.n possessor	gondaea	gondanna
1exc possessor	gondaemmo	gondannammo
1inc possessor	gondaesvī	gondannysvī
2pl possessor	gondaecca	gondannecca
3pl possessor	gondaeōr	gondannōr

Neuter nouns

Possible endings: -as, -is, -os, -us, -s

tectys 'child'
	Singulative	Collective	Plurative
absolute	tectys	tetectys	tectun
construct	tectes	tetectes	tecture

Possessed forms of tectys - 'child'
Number→ State↓	Singulative	Plurative
Construct	tectyt	tectoet
1sg possessor	tectyn	tectoesin
2sg.m possessor	tectyssi	tectoessi
2sg.f possessor	tectyssy	tectoessy
3sg.m possessor	tectymy	tectoesiō
3sg.f possessor	tectymī	tectoesī
3sg.n possessor	tectyma	tectoesia
1exc possessor	tectoemmo	tectoesimmo
1inc possessor	tectoesvī	tectoesvī
2pl possessor	tectoecca	tectoesicca
3pl possessor	tectymōr	tectoesiōr

Mass nouns

jenās 'water' (n.)
	Singulative	Collective
absolute	jenās	jenenās

stucs 'fire' (n.)
	Singulative	Collective
absolute	stucs	stetucs

Adjectives

The predicative form of an adjective is the absolute form.

-am, -em, -im, -om, -um, -ym

slāmam 'good'

		Singulative	Collective	Plurative
Masculine	absolute	slāmam	slelāmam	slāmaes
	construct	slāmat	slelāmat	slāmāni
Feminine	absolute	slāmā	slelāmā	slāmar
	construct	slāmām	slelāmām	slāmās
Neuter	absolute	slāmas	slelāmas	slāmān
	construct	slāmās	slelāmās	slāmār

clāvim 'wet'

		Singulative	Collective	Plurative
Masculine	absolute	clāvim	ceclāvim	clāveis
	construct	clāvit	ceclāvit	clāveini
Feminine	absolute	clāvī	ceclāvī	clāvir
	construct	clāvīm	ceclāvīm	clāvīs
Neuter	absolute	clāvis	ceclāvis	clāvīn
	construct	clāvīs	ceclāvīs	ceclāvīr

stratum 'salty'

		Singulative	Collective	Plurative
Masculine	absolute	stratum	sestratum	stratuis
	construct	stratut	sestratut	stratunny
Feminine	absolute	stratū	sestratū	stratur
	construct	stratūm	sestratūm	stratūs
Neuter	absolute	stratus	sestratus	stratūn
	construct	stratūs	sestratūs	stratūr

Verbs

Main article: Thensarian/Verbs

Derivational morphology

• ar- = on
• ess- = telic
• aφor- = through
• φēs- = co-, together
• -aħnam = adjectival
• dē- = in
• su- = towards
• -ā- = verbalizer from nouns
• -je- = verbalizer from adjectives
• -imā- = derives verbs
• -imam = adj.
• -tlos, -tlom = instrumental nouns from verbs
• -osdos = nouns from verbs

Numbers

• 1: cēm
• 2: tiθōr
• 3: narge
• 4: δaobe
• 5: salithe
• 6: stām
• 7: rōde
• 8: lorede
• 9: barve
• 10: ħiōr
• 11: jācēm
• 12: cnaesā