Ancient Nivarese: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name          = Ancient Nivarese
|name          = Ancient Nivarese
|nativname      = Nívareōs
|nativname      = Nīvaʼōnīs
|pronunciation = [ˈnivareoːθ]
|pronunciation = [niːvaˈɁoːniːθ]
|region        = Nivaren
|region        = Nivaren
|ethnicity    = Iscegons
|ethnicity    = Nivarenians
|extinct      = ca. 500
|extinct      = ca. 500
|era          = Ancient Nivaren (second half 1st millennium pre-Western Time; first half of the 1st millennium)
|era          = Ancient Nivaren (second half 1st millennium pre-Western Time; first half of the 1st millennium)
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|script        = Nivarese script
|script        = Nivarese script
}}
}}
'''Ancient Nivarese''' (''Nívareōs'' or ''ur lhēnyrís ur Nívareōs'' [ur ɬeːnyˈriθ ur ˈnivareoːθ]; in [[Nivarese|Modern Nivarese]]: ''u šeňurì u urdà u Nivariói'') is an [[Evandorian languages|Evandorian language]] of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the earliest attested of the whole family and one of the Calemerian languages with the most ancient attestations.<br/>
Ancient Nivarese was the language of present-day ''Nivaren'' (''Nívarēn'') in ancient times, the ancestor of Modern Nivarese, and - together with [[Íscégon]] - was the cultural language of Evandorian civilizations during classical antiquity. Due to this importance, Ancient Nivarese words have entered the common vocabulary of all Evandorian languages and, in more modern times, learned vocabulary of most languages of the planet.
'''Ancient Nivarese''' (''Nīvaʼōnīs'' or ''os khipserē os Nīvaʼōnīs'' [oθ xipθeˈreː oθ niːvaˈɁoːniːθ]; in [[Nivarese|Modern Nivarese]]: ''o khišrí o urdá o Niveóni'') is an [[Evandorian languages|Evandorian language]] of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the earliest attested of the whole family and one of the Calemerian languages with the most ancient attestations.<br/>
Ancient Nivarese was the language of present-day ''Nivaren'' (''Nīvaren'' [ˈniːvaren]) in ancient times, the ancestor of Modern Nivarese, and - together with [[Íscégon]] - was the cultural language of Evandorian civilizations during classical antiquity. Due to this importance, Ancient Nivarese words have entered the common vocabulary of all Evandorian languages and, in more modern times, learned vocabulary of most languages of the planet.


Ancient Nivarese is a Southern Evandorian language, and thus related to [[Auralian]], Gazimyük, and the Agrôkian languages. It shares features common to all early attested Evandorian languages, thus there are still many visible similarities with Íscégon, but it also has the typical traits of Southern Evandorian languages, like its development of a construct state.
Ancient Nivarese is a Southern Evandorian language, and thus related to [[Auralian]], Gazimyük, and the Agrôkian languages. It shares features common to all early attested Evandorian languages, thus there are still many visible similarities with Íscégon, but it also has the typical traits of Southern Evandorian languages, like its development of a construct state.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
! → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial<br/>Labiodental !! Dento-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Pharyngeal !! Glottal
|-
|-
! Nasals
! Nasals
| '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n/ || || ||
| '''m''' /m/ || '''n''' /n/ || || || || ||
|-
|-
! Plosives
! Plosives
| '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t/<br/>'''d''' /d/ || || '''k''' /k/ ||
| '''p''' /p/<br/>'''b''' /b/ || '''t''' /t/<br/>'''d''' /d/ || || '''k''' /k/<br/>'''g''' /ɡ/ || '''q''' /q/ || || '''ˈ''' /Ɂ/
|-
|-
! Fricatives
! Fricatives
| || '''f''' /f/<br/>'''v''' /v/ || '''s''' /θ/<br/>'''lh''' /ɬ/ || || || '''h''' /h/
| '''f''' /f/<br/>'''v''' /v/ || '''s''' /θ/<br/>'''ś''' /ɬ/ || || '''kh''' /x/ || || '''ḥ''' /ħ/<br/>'''ʻ''' /ʕ/ || '''h''' /h/
|-
! Approximants
| '''u''' /w/ || ||  || '''i''' /j/ ||  || 
|-
|-
! Trill
! Trill
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! Lateral
! Lateral
| || || '''l''' /l/ || ||  ||  
| || || '''l''' /l/ || ||  ||  
|-
! Approximants
| '''w''' /w/ || || '''y''' /j/ || || || ||
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! High
! High
| '''i''' /i/<br/> '''y ȳ''' /y yː/ || || '''u ū''' /u uː/
| '''i ī''' /i iː/ || || '''u ū''' /u uː/
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
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|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| || '''a''' /a/ ||
| || '''a ā''' /a aː/ ||
|}
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Masculine noun declension====
====Masculine noun declension====
Back-vowel stem ''hotṓs, hotolhis'' "hawk" (< PEv *roktog); front-vowel stem ''niēs, niēkis'' "finger" (< PEv *ńeɬek)
<!--Back-vowel stem ''hotṓs, hotolhis'' "hawk" (< PEv *roktog); front-vowel stem ''niēs, niēkis'' "finger" (< PEv *ńeɬek)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Lative
! Lative
| hótolhūn || hotolhṓrūn || hotolhȳ́s || hotolhōrȳ́s || niḗïn || niēkḗrin || niēís || niēkērís
| hótolhūn || hotolhṓrūn || hotolhȳ́s || hotolhōrȳ́s || niḗïn || niēkḗrin || niēís || niēkērís
|}
|}-->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


Revision as of 22:10, 27 May 2018

Ancient Nivarese
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|niːvaˈɁoːniːθ]]
Created byLili21
DateOct 2017
SettingCalémere
EthnicityNivarenians
Extinctca. 500
Evandorian languages
  • Southern Evandorian
    • Ancient Nivarese

Ancient Nivarese (Nīvaʼōnīs or os khipserē os Nīvaʼōnīs [oθ xipθeˈreː oθ niːvaˈɁoːniːθ]; in Modern Nivarese: o khišrí o urdá o Niveóni) is an Evandorian language of Calémere, the earliest attested of the whole family and one of the Calemerian languages with the most ancient attestations.

Ancient Nivarese was the language of present-day Nivaren (Nīvaren [ˈniːvaren]) in ancient times, the ancestor of Modern Nivarese, and - together with Íscégon - was the cultural language of Evandorian civilizations during classical antiquity. Due to this importance, Ancient Nivarese words have entered the common vocabulary of all Evandorian languages and, in more modern times, learned vocabulary of most languages of the planet.

Ancient Nivarese is a Southern Evandorian language, and thus related to Auralian, Gazimyük, and the Agrôkian languages. It shares features common to all early attested Evandorian languages, thus there are still many visible similarities with Íscégon, but it also has the typical traits of Southern Evandorian languages, like its development of a construct state.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

→ PoA
↓ Manner		 Labial
Labiodental		 Dento-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasals m /m/ n /n/
Plosives p /p/
b /b/		 t /t/
d /d/		 k /k/
g /ɡ/		 q /q/ ˈ /Ɂ/
Fricatives f /f/
v /v/		 s /θ/
ś /ɬ/		 kh /x/ ḥ /ħ/
ʻ /ʕ/		 h /h/
Trill r /r/
Lateral l /l/
Approximants w /w/ y /j/

The letter x represents the /kθ/ cluster.

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i ī /i iː/ u ū /u uː/
Mid e ē /e eː/ o ō /o oː/
Low a ā /a aː/

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Masculine noun declension

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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