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| familycolor = Indo-European
| familycolor = Indo-European
| target = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]]
| target = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]]
| region = "Bauba", Quartenary Radael<ref>Hypothetical land before Radael.</ref>
| region = "Bauba",<ref>Hypothetical land before Radael.</ref> Quartenary Radael
| era = {{formatnum:10000}} UH-{{formatnum:3000}} UH
| era = {{formatnum:10000}} UH-{{formatnum:3000}} UH
| ancestor = Proto-Baubaic(?)
| child1 = Proto-Gadaïc
| child1 = Proto-Gadaïc
| child2 = Proto-Ilda-Maranösic
| child2 = Proto-Ilda-Maranösic
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The idea of a universal Yeldhic language was floated around for centuries, with the Ildan cosmopolitans, led by Iptor,  first theorising a sort of "umbrella language"(''vloskās danibāsku'') in 1900 BH, so as to unite the many languages of Ilda and Maranösia.
The idea of a universal Yeldhic language was floated around for centuries, with the Ildan cosmopolitans, led by Iptor,  first theorising a sort of "umbrella language"(''vloskās danibāsku'') in 1900 BH, so as to unite the many languages of Ilda and Maranösia.


As such, though Téfir's work is the most cited and the most detailed and probable, there are many variations of what one could consider an aṱempted "Proto-Yeldhic" language, both before and after Téfir.
As such, though Téfir's work is the most cited and the most detailed and probable, there are many variations of what one could consider an attempted "Proto-Yeldhic" language, both before and after Téfir.
===Zeror's variation===
===Zeror's variation===
While in the ''Ildasia'' secret society, Zeror came upon Iptor's work on the umbrella language, known as the ''Glossology''([[Ilda]]: ''vloskātia''). Intrigued by the cosmopolitan's research, after further researching other languages, he wrote his own ''Glossology'' in 191 UH, further developing Iptor's original idea. However, Zeror, though talented, was also quite biased, and thus his ''Glossology'' was heavily inspired by [[Ilda]], without really taking into account other languages, save for the reconstructed word here and there.
While in the ''Ildasia'' secret society, Zeror came upon Iptor's work on the umbrella language, known as the ''Glossology''([[Ilda]]: ''vloskātia''). Intrigued by the cosmopolitan's research, after further researching other languages, he wrote his own ''Glossology'' in 191 UH, further developing Iptor's original idea. However, Zeror, though talented, was also quite biased, and thus his ''Glossology'' was heavily inspired by [[Ilda]], without really taking into account other languages, save for the reconstructed word here and there.
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However, though his work was flawed, it did set the precedent for the development of Proto-languages in Radael. For example, conventions such as marking reconstructed words with an asterisk(*) originates in Zeror's ''Glossology'', as well as even the entire concept of [[w:Comparative reconstruction|comparative reconstruction]] to find the original root of a word.
However, though his work was flawed, it did set the precedent for the development of Proto-languages in Radael. For example, conventions such as marking reconstructed words with an asterisk(*) originates in Zeror's ''Glossology'', as well as even the entire concept of [[w:Comparative reconstruction|comparative reconstruction]] to find the original root of a word.


For example, the word ''*vudas'', meaning "sheep", was reconstructed from Ilda ''usda'' and Vulgar Maranz ''vodvadas''. The Téfir equivalent of the word is ''*hwejṱu''. Though seemingly a radically different word, some aspects that Zeror noticed were factored in, such as a fricative at the beginning and a plosive before the final vowel.
For example, the word ''*vudas'', meaning "sheep", was reconstructed from Ilda ''usda'' and Vulgar Maranz ''vodvadas''. The Téfir equivalent of the word is ''*ʕʷejtu''. Though seemingly a radically different word, some aspects that Zeror noticed were factored in, such as a fricative at the beginning and a plosive before the final vowel.
====Udas li Tasanqās====
====Udas li Tasanqās====
Here is the first sentence of [[Literature:Schleicher's fable|Schleicher's fable]] in Zeror's Proto-Yeldhic:<br>
Here is the first sentence of [[Literature:Schleicher's fable|Schleicher's fable]] in Zeror's Proto-Yeldhic:<br>
<blockquote>''Vudas, *ediq astama ketwe, aboldois tasanqās, idi ta lo tisinois *ōbeqe badugat, idi ta lo *kuntasolois *doṉsa gotuik li idi ta lo *kuntasolois tumuei *kitil.''</blockquote>
<blockquote>''Vudas, *ediq astama ketwe, aboldois tasanqās, idi ta lo tisinois *ōbeqe badugat, idi ta lo *kuntasolois *doṉsa gotuik li idi ta lo *kuntasolois tumuei *kitil.''</blockquote>
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! pulmonic
! pulmonic
| *p *b || *ṱ *ḓ || *t *d || || *k *g || *c || *q *ḡ || || rowspan=6 | *ʕ, *ʕʷ
| *p *b || || *t *d || || *k *g || *c || *q *ḡ || || rowspan=6 | *ʕ, *ʕʷ
|-
|-
! aspirated
! aspirated
| *pʰ *bʰ || *ṱʰ *ḓʰ || *tʰ *dʰ || || *kʰ *gʰ ||  || *qʰ *ḡʰ ||
| *pʰ *bʰ || || *tʰ *dʰ || || *kʰ *gʰ ||  || *qʰ *ḡʰ ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
! colspan=2 | Nasal
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! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! pulmonic
! pulmonic
| || *þ *ð || *s *z || *š *ž || *x *ɣ || || || *h
| || *θ *ð || *s *z || *š *ž || *x *ɣ || rowspan=2 | *ç || || *h
|-
|-
! palatalised
! palatalised
| || || *ś *ź || || || *ç || ||
| || || *ś *ź || || || ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | (Lateral)<br>Approximant
! colspan=2 | (Lateral)<br>Approximant
| *w || || *l || || || *y || ||
| || || *l || || *w || *j || ||
|}
|}
====Pharyngeals====
====Pharyngeals====
Like in Proto-Indo-European, most Yeldhists believe that there were some sounds in Proto-Yeldhic that can not be directly attested from traditional comparative reconstruction. Currently, the only two sounds Yeldhists believe fall into this category are *ʕ, a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and *ʕʷ, its labialised counterpart. Some PY words use *ʕʷ, such as ''*ʕʷel'', probably meaning "good" or "kind".
Like in Proto-Indo-European, most Yeldhists believe that there were some sounds in Proto-Yeldhic that can not be directly attested from traditional comparative reconstruction. Currently, the only two sounds Yeldhists believe fall into this category are *ʕ, a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and *ʕʷ, its labialised counterpart. Some PY words use *ʕʷ, such as ''*ʕʷel'', probably meaning "good" or "kind". The evidence for the theory is as follows:
=====Evidence=====
* In [[Etzeá]], the closest documented living relative to PY, the sounds /h/ and /w/ seem to be substitutes for sounds that originate in PY, which Yeldhists mostly believe probably corresponded to *ʕ and *ʕʷ.
* In [[Etzeá]], the closest documented living relative to PY, the sounds /h/ and /w/ seem to be substitutes for sounds that originate in PY, which Yeldhists mostly believe probably corresponded to *ʕ and *ʕʷ.
 
* In the Ilda-Maranösic languages([[Ilda]] and [[Maranz]]), PY words with *ʕ and *ʕʷ seem to have palatalised to form *j and *jw, such as in Proto-Ilda-Maranösic ''*jwel''(modern descendants are Ilda ''yuelas'' and Maranz ''jūell''), from PY ''*ʕʷel''.
* In the Ilda-Maranösic language([[Ilda]] and [[Maranz]]), PY words with *ʕ and *ʕʷ seem to have palatalised to form *j and *jw, such as in Proto-Ilda-Maranösic ''*jwel''(modern descendants are Ilda ''yuelas'' and Maranz ''jūell''), from PY ''*ʕʷel''.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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! Close
! Close
| *i || *é || *u
| *i || *é || *u
|-
! Close-mid
| *e || || *o
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
| || *a ||  
| || *a ||  
|}
|}
====Long vowels====
Long vowels in PY are not very common among most branches of the Yeldhic language family, with the exception of the Gadaïc branch, which preserved long vowels in certain languages, like [[Psér]].
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| *ī || *ḗ || *ū
|-
! Close-mid
| *ē || || *ō
|-
! Open
| || *ā ||
|}
In other Yeldhic branches, long vowels were either shortened(as in the Paleoyeldhic languages), dipthonged(as in [[Etzeá]]) or omitted entirely(as in the Ulmic languages, in particular [[Ormå]]). Some examples are:
* PY ''*mēce'' "watershed"
** Paleoyeldhic ''*meksi''
*** Moshurian [[Contionary:mesk|''mesk'']]
** Etzeá ''mei'e''
** Proto-Ulmic ''*mVcne''
*** Ormå ''nncẽ''
* PY ''*ɣōsan''
** Paleoyeldhic ''*hosan''
*** Moshurian ''[[Contionary:oźan|oźan]]''
** Etzeá ''xoisen''
** Proto-Ulmic ''*fsan''
*** Ormå ''fsän''
===Deconsonantification===
In many PY-derivative languages, many palatalised consonants, like *ś and *ź, were "deconsonantified", leaving only a voiced palatal approximant, *j. Thus, where there were (probably) palatalised consonants in PY, they were lost in descendant languages.
However, there is still some evidence for the existence of the palatalised consonants. For example:
* The palatalised consonants were preserved in Etzeá, though *ź split into two consonants: ''zz'' [zʲ] and ''zv'' [ʒ].
* In [[Maranz]], the consonant ''gh'' [j̥] seem to have been derived from Proto-Yeldhic *ś. This can be especially seen in the word for "four", ''i'''gh'''in'', which is derived from PY ''*wi'''ś'''en''.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
====Intonation====
There is no generally agreed upon stress pattern for Proto-Yeldhic, as stress patterns are so varied among PY descendants that scholars generally agree that a single pattern can not be accurately attested from such a wide data set. Téfir himself did not even bother mentioning stress in the ''Tezyém Yéleduhir'', though this may have been because his native language, [[Arnic]], has no concept of lexical stress. However, the ''Yéleduhir'' was written in Moshurian, a language with a strict paroxytonic stress pattern, rendering this theory amusing but unlikely.
 
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
====Number====
Various theories have been proposed on how grammatical number worked in Proto-Yeldhic. The most referred to is the Fulugisáá theory, which states that grammatical number was deduced by the suffix ''-i''. The theory is named after Fulugisáá Tsó-tso, though many attribute the original theory to Zeror, who stated in 260 BH in his ''Republic''([[Ilda]]: ''Kopirrās'') that,<blockquote>"[I] have found a pattern among the many tongues of the ''Plikis''<ref>An ancient term for the peoples in the Paleoyeldhic strip.</ref>, in which they seem to append fully tongued upper open vowels<ref>Zeror's term for an unrounded close front vowel, or [i] in IPA</ref> to nouns to indicate many items of the noun[...]</blockquote>
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=2 | Proto-Yeldhic !! rowspan=2 | Moshurian !! rowspan=2 | English
|-
! Original Téfir !! Modern
|-
| ''*ik'' || ''*ik'' || ''ik'' || one
|-
| ''*ir'' || ''*bʰīn'' || ''oyamö'' || two
|-
| ''*ti'' || ''*tʰid-ði'' || ''tikré'' || three
|-
| ''*hihonâ''<ref>In the original ''Tezyém Yéleduhir'', ⟨â⟩ represented a front open vowel, [a]. Most Yeldhists today dispute the existence of the front open vowel in PY, instead arguing for the existence of a more centralised realisation, [ä] in IPA.</ref> || ''*wiśen'' || ''igoyà'' || four
|-
| ''*tikumam'' || ''*igʰoīm'' || ''tikoyam'' || five
|}
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
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