Häskä: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =
|creator = User:IlL
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename =  
|nativename = dəluto Häskäs
|pronunciation=
|pronunciation=dəluto hæskæs
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|state = Bjeheond
|familycolor=tergetic
|familycolor=tergetic
|fam1=[[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]]
|fam1=[[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]]
|script=Windermere script?
|scripts=* Windermere script?
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''Häskä''' (''dülutu Häskäsu'' /dylutu hæskæsu/) is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language with an Amharic-inspired aesthetic.
'''Häskä''' (''dəluto Häskäs'' /dəluto hæskæs/) is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language with an Amharic- and Uralic-inspired aesthetic.
 
grammar should be a lot more Austronesian than Talman
 
==Gibberish==
==Gibberish==
Bärtətəlič o sgəzu kə-fteru di-sumätäk!
:'''''Ha bärtətəlič žə-sgəδo i ftero mi-sumätäk!'''''
:ah PRES-FREQ-fall like-gold-F DIR foliage-F in wind-PL
:''Ah! How leaves fall like gold in the wind!''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 27: Line 29:
!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Lateral
!  |Retroflex
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
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! rowspan="2" |Stop
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
| ('''p''' /p/)
|  
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
|  
|  
Line 61: Line 63:
| '''f''' /f/
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''š'''
|  
|  
| '''š''' /ʃ/
|  
|  
| '''h''' /h/
| '''h''' /h/
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! |<small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
|  
|  
| '''z''' /z/
| '''δ''' /ð/
| '''ž'''
|  
|  
| '''ž''' /ʒ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''č'''
|  
|  
| '''č''' /tʃ/
|  
|  
|
|
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! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /r/
| '''r''' /r/, '''l''' /l/
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''y''' /j/
| '''y''' /j/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
|}
In addition, '''p''' /p/ is used in loanwords.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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Häskä morphology is roughly equally prefixing and suffixing.
Häskä morphology is roughly equally prefixing and suffixing.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Häskä nouns have a natural gender system. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine suffix ''-u'' (after C) or ''-su'' (after V) (from Proto-Lakovic *-s and the feminine verb marker ''*wa-'') are feminine. Inanimate nouns, and animals that are not dedicated words for males and females, can be used in both genders interchangeably.
Häskä nouns have a natural gender system. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine suffix ''-o'' (after C) or ''-s'' (after V) are feminine. Inanimate nouns, and animals that are not dedicated words for males and females, can be used in both genders interchangeably.


====Plurals====
====Plurals====
Plurals are formed with reduplication, as in most other Lakovic languages:
Unusually for a Lakovic language, plurals are formed with a suffix ''-k'' or ''-äk'':
*təlič /təlitʃ/ = kernel, grain > tətəlič /tətəlitʃ/ = kernels, grains
*''sumät'' /sumæt/ = wind
**''sumätäk'' /sumætæk/ = winds
If the word is treated as feminine:
*''sumäto'' /sumæto/ = wind
**''sumätok'' /sumætok/ = winds


====Case markers====
====Case markers====
Häskä has Austronesian alignment, like [[Lakovic languages|Proto-Lakovic]].
Here are the basic case markers:
Here are the basic case markers:


*''id'' = direct
*''id, i'' = nominative
*''o'' = indirect
*''u'' = accusative
*''kə'' = genitive
*''kə'' = genitive
*''mi'' = locative
*''žə'' = "like"


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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*''fin'' = he
*''fin'' = he
*''fis'' = she
*''fis'' = she
*''bäñ'' = we two (inc.)
*''nə-ri'' etc. = plural pronouns


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.


Verb template: negative-gender/mood-tense/aspect-{{angbr|voice}}ROOT
Verb template: negative-gender/mood-tense/aspect-{{angbr|voice}}ROOT-pluractional
 
Verbs are negated with: ''di-''
====Gender====
*''wə-'' = feminine
 
====Mood====
*''ku-'' = cohortative
 
====Aspect====
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.
 
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (''F'') or last consonant (''L'')
*imperfective/stative = unmarked
*perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with ''em-'' for others
*prospective = ''hef-'' (closest equivalent of future tense)
*momentane = ''bla-''
*progressive = ''ăL-''
*gnomic = ''FăL-''
*frequentative = ''eNFă-''
*inchoative/inceptive = ''oLă-''
*graduative = ''tăFa-''
 
====Intensive====
*''twə-'' = intensive prefix


====Voice affixes====
Verbs are negated with ''di-''.
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.
*''‹ăc›'' = Dynamic passive
*''‹ră›'', ''‹wă›'' = Stative passive
*''‹ăb›'' = Reflexive
*''‹ăn/ăng›'' = Applicative trigger
*''‹ith›'' = Locative trigger
*''‹ăw›'' = Instrumental trigger
*''‹ăfong›'' = Destination trigger
*''‹ălis›'' = Comitative trigger
*''‹ăm›'' = Source/cause trigger
*''‹ăchem›'' = Benefactive/purpose trigger
*''‹ărea›'' = Malefactive trigger


===Derivational morphology===
===Derivational morphology===
*yə- = adjectivizer
*yə- = adjectivizer
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Latest revision as of 05:51, 12 January 2022

Häskä/Wordlist

Häskä
dəluto Häskäs
Pronunciation[dəluto hæskæs]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Native toBjeheond
Lakovic
  • Häskä
  • Windermere script?
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Häskä (dəluto Häskäs /dəluto hæskæs/) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Uralic-inspired aesthetic.

grammar should be a lot more Austronesian than Talman

Gibberish

Ha bärtətəlič žə-sgəδo i ftero mi-sumätäk!
ah PRES-FREQ-fall like-gold-F DIR foliage-F in wind-PL
Ah! How leaves fall like gold in the wind!

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ñ /ŋ/
Stop plain t /t/ k /k/ ' /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative plain f /f/ s /s/ š h /h/
voiced δ /ð/ ž
Affricate c /ts/ č
Approximant w /w/ r /r/, l /l/ y /j/

In addition, p /p/ is used in loanwords.

Vowels

a e i o u ä ə /ɑ e i o u æ ə/

Stress

Stress is usually penultimate.

Phonotactics

Häskä allows initial clusters, like Windermere and Tsrovesh.

Morphology

Häskä morphology is roughly equally prefixing and suffixing.

Nouns

Häskä nouns have a natural gender system. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine suffix -o (after C) or -s (after V) are feminine. Inanimate nouns, and animals that are not dedicated words for males and females, can be used in both genders interchangeably.

Plurals

Unusually for a Lakovic language, plurals are formed with a suffix -k or -äk:

  • sumät /sumæt/ = wind
    • sumätäk /sumætæk/ = winds

If the word is treated as feminine:

  • sumäto /sumæto/ = wind
    • sumätok /sumætok/ = winds

Case markers

Here are the basic case markers:

  • id, i = nominative
  • u = accusative
  • kə = genitive
  • mi = locative
  • žə = "like"

Pronouns

  • ri = I
  • šen = thou (m)
  • šes = thou (f)
  • fin = he
  • fis = she
  • bäñ = we two (inc.)
  • nə-ri etc. = plural pronouns

Verbs

Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.

Verb template: negative-gender/mood-tense/aspect-⟨voice⟩ROOT-pluractional

Verbs are negated with di-.

Derivational morphology

  • yə- = adjectivizer
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