User:IlL/Spare pages 1/15: Difference between revisions
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}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish. | }}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Windermere]]: ''brits Tsear''; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish. | ||
Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]] | Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]]. | ||
Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
*''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese | *''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese | ||
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*''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel. | *''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel. | ||
*Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad | *Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad | ||
*Modern Tseer '' | *Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last ''orthographic'' syllable. | ||
**The feminine ending ''-kh'' is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant. | |||
Nasal/nonnasal vowel split | Nasal/nonnasal vowel split | ||
a e i o u ø / | a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions) | ||
aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant] | aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant] | ||
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====Agreement==== | ====Agreement==== | ||
Feminine subject: '' | Feminine subject: ''wa-'' | ||
====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'') | Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'') | ||
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==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak! | Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak! | ||
*''{{angbr|r}}'' = patient noun | *''{{angbr|r}}'' = patient noun (straight from PLak) | ||
*''{{angbr|kh}}'' = | *''{{angbr|aa}}'' = place noun (from infix ng) | ||
*''{{angbr|t~d}}'' = applicative | *''{{angbr|kh}}'' = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger) | ||
*''{{angbr|t~d}}'' = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger) | |||
*''xi-'' = adjectivizer | *''xi-'' = adjectivizer | ||
**''xilakow'' = free, wakoo originally meant 'human' | **''xilakow'' = free, wakoo originally meant 'human' | ||
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==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
'''''Eehayxeel wikhon | '''''Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.''''' | ||
PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights. | PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights. | ||
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==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, | Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer. | ||
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
Tseer/Lexicon
Swadesh list for Tseer
Tseer/Sketchbook
- This article is about modern Tseer. For Classical Tseer, see Tseer/Classical.
| IlL/Spare pages 1/15 | |
|---|---|
| døludx Tseer | |
| Pronunciation | [/dəwüts tʃẽʃ/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Tseer (chair; natively døludx Tseer Classical: /døludz tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the -x is a feminine marker); Windermere: brits Tsear; Skellan: brits Txeñz) is a major Lakovic language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to Windermere; it left a significant influence on Windermere and Skellan.
Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.
Phonology
- th~ts merger like Hanoi Vietnamese
- Different pronunciations of Classical r:
- Cr clusters = /Cj/ in Modern Tseer, while it was /Cr/ in Classical Tseer.
- Syllable-final r = [ʃ]
- Otherwise r = [r]
- ð is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
- Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
- Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last orthographic syllable.
- The feminine ending -kh is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant.
Nasal/nonnasal vowel split
a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)
aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]
e /e/ is [ɛ] before zh.
o /o/ is [u] after /w/.
Morphology
Phonology
| I | we (inc. du.) | thou (m.) | thou (f.) | he | she | we (exc.) | we (inc. pl.) | you (pl.) | they (an.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject clitic | -ar | -ab | -ekh | -ex | -in | -eex | -raa | -baa | -nin | -neex |
| Full pronouns | aar | baa | khen | kheex | in | eex | aarar | baaba | inin | ineex |
Nouns
Verbs
Modern Tseer retains most of the Classical verb morphology but changed some of the meanings.
Verb template
Same as in Classical Tseer: feminine-TAM-pluractionality-voice-ROOT
Agreement
Feminine subject: wa-
Voice
Passive: haa- (~ Windermere ha-)
Verbal number
Pluractionality: akh-
TAM
Aspects/Tenses (needs some fusion):
- 0- = atelic past
- tho- = telic past
- n-/o- = atelic nonpast
- hef- = telic nonpast (often future)
Imperative?
Derivation
Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak!
- ⟨r⟩ = patient noun (straight from PLak)
- ⟨aa⟩ = place noun (from infix ng)
- ⟨kh⟩ = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger)
- ⟨t~d⟩ = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger)
- xi- = adjectivizer
- xilakow = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'
- ta- = nominalizer
- bo- = agentive
- la- = verbalizer
- (diminutive redup)
- cognates to Wdm derivational redup patterns
- di- = non-
- ⟨a' ⟩ (with glottal stop) = non-, un-, de-, dis-
- ⟨ax⟩ = reflexive or change of state verbs; to become X; to X-ify (was derivational in Classical Tseer; cognate to Wdm. ⟨iș⟩
- instrument/tool noun
- place noun
Syntax
VSOX, VSXO with pronominal objects
Sample texts
UDHR, Article 1
Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.
PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Poetry
Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer.