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==Kirtumur== | ==Kirtumur== | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
From Proto-Kyrdan ''*ap-'' (“to climb”). Cognate with Kērsalur ''uapatha'' “to ascend”, Cirdamur ''aba'', Old Sērsal '' | From Proto-Kyrdan ''*ap-'' (“to climb”). Cognate with Kērsalur ''uapatha'' “to ascend”, Cirdamur ''aba'', Old Sērsal ''isab'' “uphill”, Old Ķyrdum ''abudan'' “beginning”. | ||
===Pronunciation=== | ===Pronunciation=== | ||
(''Umunesal'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈɑ.pɑ] | (''Umunesal'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈɑ.pɑ] | ||
===Noun=== | ===Noun=== | ||
'''apa''' | '''apa''' v ''intransitive'' | ||
#to move upward | #to move upward | ||
#: ''talaur ''' | #: ''talaur '''inikipe''''' – he/she '''didn’t go up''' that road. | ||
#to become higher in pitch or frequency | #to become higher in pitch or frequency | ||
#: ''hur wiša '''eyapapate''''' – the sound got louder and louder. | #: ''hur wiša '''eyapapate''''' – the sound got louder and louder. | ||
#to climb | #to climb | ||
#: ''yimauz '''enehapapau''' ušamei'' – we used to climb this moutain easily. | #: ''yimauz '''enehapapau''' ušamei'' – we '''used to climb''' this moutain easily. | ||
===Declension=== | ===Declension=== | ||
{{ktm-verb-intr-vow|ap|p|yap|p|}} | {{ktm-verb-intr-vow|ap|p|yap|p|t|yat|at|}} | ||
===Derived terms=== | ===Derived terms=== | ||
*''ekhapin'' – | *''ekhapin'' – start | ||
*''esape'' – upwards | |||
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kirtumur words]] | [[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kirtumur words]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:22, 5 September 2021
Kirtumur
Etymology
From Proto-Kyrdan *ap- (“to climb”). Cognate with Kērsalur uapatha “to ascend”, Cirdamur aba, Old Sērsal isab “uphill”, Old Ķyrdum abudan “beginning”.
Pronunciation
(Umunesal) IPA: [ˈɑ.pɑ]
Noun
apa v intransitive
- to move upward
- talaur inikipe – he/she didn’t go up that road.
- to become higher in pitch or frequency
- hur wiša eyapapate – the sound got louder and louder.
- to climb
- yimauz enehapapau ušamei – we used to climb this moutain easily.
Declension
| Active Intransitive (no reduplication) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb forms | singular | dual | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| Affirmative | ||||||||||
| Imperfective | Present | hape | ōpe | yape | hapu | ōpu | yapu | hapit | ōpit | yapit |
| Past | eape | eōpe | eyape | eapu | eōpu | eyapu | eapit | eōpit | eyapit | |
| Future | hapis | ōpis | yapis | hapisu | ōpisu | yapisu | hapisit | ōpisit | yapisit | |
| Aorist | eap | eōp | eyap | eapu | eōpu | eyapu | eapit | eōpit | eyapit | |
| Perfect | Present | hapet | ōpet | yapet | hattu | ōttu | yattu | hattit | ōttit | yattit |
| Past | eapet | eōpet | eyapet | eattu | eōttu | eyattu | eattit | eōttit | eyattit | |
| Irrealis | Present Subjunctive | pōp | paōp | peyap | pōpu | paōpu | peyapu | pōpit | paōpit | peyapit |
| Future | hepōp | hepaōp | hepeyap | hepōpu | hepaōpu | hepeyapu | hepōpit | hepaōpit | hepeyapit | |
| Optative | kurap | kurōp | kurip | kurapu | kurōpu | kuripu | kurapit | kurōpit | kuripit | |
| Imperative | apeya | |||||||||
| Negative | ||||||||||
| Imperfective | Present | ŋipe | ŋōpe | kipe | ŋipu | ŋōpu | kipu | ŋipit | ŋōpit | kipit |
| Past | iŋipe | eŋōpe | ikipe | iŋipu | eŋōpu | ikipu | iŋipit | eŋōpit | ikipit | |
| Future | ŋipis | ŋōpis | kipis | ŋipisu | ŋōpisu | kipisu | ŋipisit | ŋōpisit | kipisit | |
| Aorist | iŋip | eŋōp | ikip | iŋipu | eŋōpu | ikipu | iŋipit | eŋōpit | ikipit | |
| Perfect | Present | ŋipet | ŋōpet | kipet | ŋittu | ŋōttu | kittu | ŋittit | ŋōttit | kittit |
| Past | iŋipet | eŋōpet | ikipet | iŋittu | eŋōttu | ikittu | iŋittit | eŋōttit | ikittit | |
| Irrealis | Present Subjunctive | paŋip | paŋōp | pakip | paŋipu | paŋōpu | pakipu | paŋipit | paŋōpit | pakipit |
| Future | hepaŋip | hepaŋōp | hepakip | hepaŋipu | hepaŋōpu | hepakipu | hepaŋipit | hepaŋōpit | hepakipit | |
| Optative | kurŋip | kurŋōp | kurkip | kurŋipu | kurŋōpu | kurkipu | kurŋipit | kurŋōpit | kurkipit | |
| Imperative | ma apeya | |||||||||
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Derived terms
- ekhapin – start
- esape – upwards