Scots Norse: Difference between revisions
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|speakers2=(L2) < 50,000 | |speakers2=(L2) < 50,000 | ||
|date=2019 | |date=2019 | ||
|map=File:Lang Status 20-CR.svg | |||
|mapcaption=Scots Norse is classified as [[w:Critically endangered language|critically endangered]] by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' | |||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Take these following examples: | Take these following examples: | ||
:''thù tàlir'' /ˈxu ˈto.ʎɪθ͇/ — "you speak" | :''thù tàlir'' /ˈxu ˈto.ʎɪθ͇/ — "you speak" | ||
:''e | :''e thàli'' /ˈe ˈho.ʎɪ/— "I speak" | ||
:''ha | :''ha nàlir'' /ˈha ˈno.ʎɪθ͇/— "he speaks" | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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| {{term|}} // | | {{term|}} // | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan= | | rowspan=3 | '''dh''' | ||
| colspan=2 | intervocalic/pre-consonantal/finally | | colspan=2 | intervocalic/pre-consonantal/finally | ||
| /./ or null | | /./ or null | ||
| {{term|òdha}} /ˈo.ə/, {{term|sudhrø̀jr}} /sˠʌ.ˈrei̯θ͇/ | | {{term|òdha}} /ˈo.ə/, {{term|sudhrø̀jr}} /sˠʌ.ˈrei̯θ͇/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2 | plain | | colspan=2 | plain/broad | ||
| /ɣ/ | | /ɣ/ | ||
| {{term|}} // | | {{term|}} // | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2 | broad | | colspan=2 | broad | ||
| / | | /lˠ/ | ||
| {{term|}} // | | {{term|}} // | ||
|- | |- | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
A major development in nouns is the complete loss of the definite forms, being replaced by the independent "hinn", which precedes the noun, triggering nasal mutation in some forms. | |||
====Strong nouns==== | ====Strong nouns==== | ||
There are two strong neuter, three masculine, and three feminine declensions. The masculine and feminine each have an A, an I, and an R stem, after the defining difference in the nominative singular of the Proto-Germanic form. | There are two strong neuter, three masculine, and three feminine declensions. The masculine and feminine each have an A, an I, and an R stem, after the defining difference in the nominative singular of the Proto-Germanic form. | ||
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These first few are masculine a-stems. | These first few are masculine a-stems. | ||
{{snon-decl-m-a|eld|fc=d}} | {{snon-decl-m-a|eld|n=n-|fc=d}} | ||
{{snon-decl-m-a| | {{snon-decl-m-a|àt|òt|n=nh|c=h|fc=t}} | ||
{{snon-decl-m-a| | {{snon-decl-m-a|àmar|omr|amr|amar|n=nh|c=h}} | ||
Due to many sound changes, "hamare" is quite irregular, this following table is more colloquial spellings that better show pronunciation. | Due to many sound changes, "hamare" is quite irregular, this following table is more colloquial spellings that better show pronunciation. | ||
{{snon-decl-m-a| | {{snon-decl-m-a|àmar|onr|anr|anar|n=nh|c=h}} | ||
And an uncontracted form: | And an uncontracted form (which is regular): | ||
{{snon-decl-m-a| | {{snon-decl-m-a|àmar|òmar|n=nh|c=h|fc=r}} | ||
===Adjectives=== | |||
As with nouns, the definiteness distinction has been lost in adjectives, though it was lost far earlier than in nouns, this is attributed to the increasing reliance on the noun for definiteness. (Which itself too eventually fell to the use of "hi") | |||
{{snon-decl-adj|sèl|r=sèl|fc=l|lem=sèl}} | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Strong verbs==== | ====Strong verbs==== | ||
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====Suppletive verbs==== | ====Suppletive verbs==== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
==Texts== | ==Texts== | ||