Scots Norse: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox language

|name=Scots Norse

|ethnicity=Norse Scots

|states=[[w:Suðreyjar|Suðreyjar]]

}}

Scots Norse is typically split into two main dialect groups, Inner and Outer, corresponding to the Inner and Outer Hebrides, these are further divided into North and South for both, with a Central division for Inner. These dialects are almost entirely mutually intelligible within their groups, and mostly so even between the groups. Uniting all of these is the standardized form, ''{{lang|snon|Hàsudraèsc}}'', literally meaning "High Scots Norse". ("high" as in "exalted")

Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.

Following the treaty of Perth, the usage of Norse began declining significantly, with evidence it was nearly extinct by 1550. A small revitalization occured in the mid 18th century when several of the last native speakers (at the time, Scots Norse had no more than 150 remaining speakers) gathered together to document the language so it could be taught to children. This effort was mostly effective, leading to the first noticeable rise in speaker count since it began declining. By the 1880's, there would be upwards of 1,500 native speakers, a majority of them young.

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |  

! colspan=3 | labial

! colspan=3 | alveolar

! colspan=3 | velar

|-

! plain

! broad

| mˠ

| mʲ

| n

| nˠ

| pˠ

| pʲ

| t

| tˠ

| colspan=2 | k

| c

| bˠ

| bʲ

| d

| dˠ

| colspan=2 | g

| ɟ

| fˠ

| fʲ

| sˠ

| ʃ

| x

| ç

| vˠ

| vʲ

|  

|  

|  

|  

|  

|  

| rˠ, lˠ

| rʲ, ʎ

|}

#/h/ merges with /x/ outside of Standard Scots Norse.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! Mid-High

| e

| o

|-

! Mid-Low

| ɛ

| ɔ

|-

! Low

| (ɒ)

|-

|}

#/ʊ/ is most typically realized as [ɤ]

There are two strong neuter, three masculine, and three feminine declensions. The masculine and feminine each have an A, an I, and an R stem, after the defining difference in the nominative singular of the Proto-Germanic form.

These first few are masculine a-stems.

Here we have the neuter a-stem.

In "post", notice the lack of change in the nom/acc plural, this is due to umlaut only occuring on -a- in this pattern, as in this next pattern.

Now here in "màl", notice how the difference is present.

The forms of adjectives quickly began falling together, with the nominative/accusative distinction being lost quite early on.

===Prepositions===

===Verbs===

The stative doesn't exist for every verb, but the forms are still displayed for convenience's sake.

====Strong verbs====

Strong verbs have survived rather well into Scots Norse, at times weak verbs have been made strong (though the opposite has also happened).

'''Scots Norse''':

:'''English translation'''