Scots Norse: Difference between revisions
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{{snon-infl-prep|i|n=y}} | {{snon-infl-prep|i|n=y}} | ||
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{{snon-infl-prep| | {{snon-infl-prep|anh|n=y}} | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
| Line 1,026: | Line 1,027: | ||
! rowspan=4 | cont. | ! rowspan=4 | cont. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=4 | perf. | ! rowspan=4 | perf. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | tàl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">th</span>àl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
| Line 1,131: | Line 1,132: | ||
! rowspan=4 | cont. | ! rowspan=4 | cont. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=4 | perf. | ! rowspan=4 | perf. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | mèl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue"> | | è <span style="color:blue">mh</span>èl<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
| Line 1,236: | Line 1,237: | ||
! rowspan=4 | cont. | ! rowspan=4 | cont. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=4 | perf. | ! rowspan=4 | perf. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| è <span style="color:blue">h'</span> | | è <span style="color:blue">h'</span>àgh<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
| Line 1,344: | Line 1,345: | ||
! rowspan=4 | cont. | ! rowspan=4 | cont. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=4 | perf. | ! rowspan=4 | perf. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | bì'<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | bì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì'<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">m</span>ì<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
| Line 1,449: | Line 1,450: | ||
! rowspan=4 | cont. | ! rowspan=4 | cont. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúi</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=4 | perf. | ! rowspan=4 | perf. | ||
! class=secondary | pres. | ! class=secondary | pres. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">irúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | past | ! class=secondary | past | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhirúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | fut. | ! class=secondary | fut. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">istúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class=secondary | imp. | ! class=secondary | imp. | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | vèr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
| | | i<span style="color:blue">b</span>èr<span style="color:green">sc</span><span style="color:red">adhistúa</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
| Line 1,502: | Line 1,503: | ||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
Scots Norse word order is incredibly strict, relying more on particles than word order for changing the sentence type. The typical order is: | Scots Norse word order is incredibly strict, relying more on particles than word order for changing the sentence type. The typical order is: | ||
#Preverbal particle | #Preverbal particle(s) | ||
#Verb | #Verb | ||
#Postverbal particle(s) | #Postverbal particle(s) | ||
| Line 1,525: | Line 1,526: | ||
| | | | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Questions and answers=== | ===Questions and answers=== | ||
Scots Norse lacks a true equivalent to "no", the closest thing being "è(gh)" ("not"), which can often be used on it's own when a form of "be" + "not" suffices for an answer, as in: | Scots Norse lacks a true equivalent to "no", the closest thing being "è(gh)" ("not"), which can often be used on it's own when a form of "be" + "not" suffices for an answer, as in: | ||
| Line 1,569: | Line 1,571: | ||
''bì'' has developed in such a way where a noun phrase cannot directly act as the predicate, instead needing to be preceded by ''u'', as in: | ''bì'' has developed in such a way where a noun phrase cannot directly act as the predicate, instead needing to be preceded by ''u'', as in: | ||
====Copulative ''vèr''==== | ====Copulative ''vèr''==== | ||
| Line 1,620: | Line 1,618: | ||
The direct is typically formed with the past infinitive of "sià" ("siàthadh"; "perceived"), thus: | The direct is typically formed with the past infinitive of "sià" ("siàthadh"; "perceived"), thus: | ||
{{interlinear|lang=snon|number=(13)|abbreviations=DIR:direct case | {{interlinear|lang=snon|number=(13)|abbreviations=DIR:direct case | ||
|{⟨as⟩ | |{⟨as⟩ lèocnscir ⟨u⟩} siàthadh hi gù | ||
|⟨PERF⟩heal.PRES.IMPRS see.PAST.INF the.DIR dog.DIR | |⟨PERF⟩heal.PRES.IMPRS see.PAST.INF the.DIR dog.DIR | ||
|the dog has healed (and I saw it) | |the dog has healed (and I saw it) | ||