Contionary:ka: Difference between revisions
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==Kirtumur== | |||
===Etymology=== | |||
From East Kyrdan ''*ka'' (“sun”), from Proto-Kyrdan ''*ķah'' (“sun”). Possibly related to Proto-Klesuic ''*gçəɣs'' “big bright light”, or ''*çəs'' “day”. Cognate with Kērsalur ''ka'', Cirdamur ''ca'', Old Sērsal ''sa'', Old Ķyrdum ''ķasli''. Related to ''Kalli'' “Sun (the name of the star)” | |||
===Pronunciation=== | |||
(''Umunesal'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [kɑ] | |||
===Noun=== | |||
'''ka''' n ''inanimate declension'' | |||
#sun (the star around which the Earth revolves). | |||
#: ''niwuta hur nikukha ruŋ '''ka''''' – the '''sun''' rises in the east and sets in the west. | |||
#a symbol, a marker of stellar object names in writing, which is always silent. | |||
#: '''''<sup>ka</sup>'''Kalli, '''<sup>ka</sup>'''Niccayi, '''<sup>ka</sup>'''Ceiŋari'' – Sun, Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri A. | |||
#a star, as the centre of a star system. | |||
#: ''Mutuŋam Niccayi '''ka'''x'' – the '''sun''' of Proxima Centauri b is Proxima Centauri. | |||
===Declension=== | |||
{{ktm-noun-III|k|a|a|}} | |||
===Derived terms=== | |||
*''Kalli'' – the Sun (Sol) | |||
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kirtumur words]] | |||
==Qino== | ==Qino== | ||
===Alternative forms=== | ===Alternative forms=== | ||
| Line 6: | Line 28: | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
Proto-Cushitic | Proto-Cushitic. | ||
===Pronunciation=== | ===Pronunciation=== | ||
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'''ka''' ''m.'' | '''ka''' ''m.'' | ||
# the; masculine absolutive definite article | # the; masculine absolutive definite article | ||
#:''<b>ka</b> | #:''<b>ka</b> farda'' | ||
#:: ''<b>the</b> horse'' | #:: ''<b>the</b> horse'' | ||
===Pronoun=== | ===Pronoun=== | ||
'''ka''' ''m.'' | '''ka''' ''m.'' | ||
# it | # him, it (3rd person singular masculine short clitic accusative) | ||
#:''<b>ka</b> | #:''<b>ka</b> arká.'' | ||
#:: ''<b> | #:: ''I see <b>him</b>.'' | ||
# his, its (3rd person singular masculine short clitic genitive) | |||
#:''<b>ka</b> mana'' | |||
#:: ''<b>his</b> house'' | |||
<!-- | |||
# the one | |||
#:''Teeti <b>ka</b> dha.'' | |||
#:: ''It is hers.'' (i.e. ''It is her <b>one</b>.'') | |||
--> | --> | ||
<!-- | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Masculine !! Feminine | ! rowspan=2" | !! colspan="2" | Short !! colspan = "2" | Long | ||
|- | |||
! Masculine !! Feminine !! Masculine !! Feminine | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Absolutive | ! Absolutive | ||
| ka || ta | | ka || ta || kana || tana | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ku || tu | | ku || tu || kuni || tuni | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| ki || ti | | ki || ti || kini || tini | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
--> | |||
====Usage notes==== | ====Usage notes==== | ||
*Comes | *Definite article: | ||
*Nouns in oblique cases use an absolutive article. | **Comes immediately before noun. In the Arabic and Ge'ez scripts, combines to following word. | ||
**When the noun is qualified by a cardinal number, the article precedes and agrees with the number. | |||
**Nouns in oblique cases use an absolutive article. | |||
*The clitic genitive ''ka'' is identical in form to the absolutive masculine definite article. Confusion can be avoided by using the long clitic form ''kee(sh)'' or the non-clitic form ''keeshi''. | |||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
====Synonyms==== | ====Synonyms==== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:43, 22 May 2021
Kirtumur
Etymology
From East Kyrdan *ka (“sun”), from Proto-Kyrdan *ķah (“sun”). Possibly related to Proto-Klesuic *gçəɣs “big bright light”, or *çəs “day”. Cognate with Kērsalur ka, Cirdamur ca, Old Sērsal sa, Old Ķyrdum ķasli. Related to Kalli “Sun (the name of the star)”
Pronunciation
(Umunesal) IPA: [kɑ]
Noun
ka n inanimate declension
- sun (the star around which the Earth revolves).
- niwuta hur nikukha ruŋ ka – the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
- a symbol, a marker of stellar object names in writing, which is always silent.
- kaKalli, kaNiccayi, kaCeiŋari – Sun, Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri A.
- a star, as the centre of a star system.
- Mutuŋam Niccayi kax – the sun of Proxima Centauri b is Proxima Centauri.
Declension
| Inanimate declension (vocalic) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Absolutive | ka | kawa | kaka |
| Oblique | kax | kawax | kakax |
| Locative | kanei | kawanei | kakanei |
| Possession | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type II | ||||||
| singular | dual | plural | ||||
| 1st | kayu | kayau | kame | |||
| 2nd | kašu | kašau | kašne | |||
| 3rd | kanu | kanau | kanne | |||
Derived terms
- Kalli – the Sun (Sol)
Qino
Alternative forms
- ک (Western Arabic script)
- ك (Eastern Arabic script)
- ከ (Ge'ez script)
Etymology
Proto-Cushitic.
Pronunciation
(Qino) IPA: /ka/
Article
ka m.
- the; masculine absolutive definite article
- ka farda
- the horse
- ka farda
Pronoun
ka m.
- him, it (3rd person singular masculine short clitic accusative)
- ka arká.
- I see him.
- ka arká.
- his, its (3rd person singular masculine short clitic genitive)
- ka mana
- his house
- ka mana
Usage notes
- Definite article:
- Comes immediately before noun. In the Arabic and Ge'ez scripts, combines to following word.
- When the noun is qualified by a cardinal number, the article precedes and agrees with the number.
- Nouns in oblique cases use an absolutive article.
- The clitic genitive ka is identical in form to the absolutive masculine definite article. Confusion can be avoided by using the long clitic form kee(sh) or the non-clitic form keeshi.