Tseer: Difference between revisions

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[[Tseezh/Lexicon]] <br/>
[[Tseer/Lexicon]] <br/>
[[Lakovic languages/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tseezh]]<br/>
[[Lakovic languages/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tseer]]<br/>


:''This article describes Classical Tseezh. See [[Tseezh/Modern]] for Modern Tseezh.''
:''This article describes Classical Tseer. See [[Tseer/Modern]] for Modern Tseer.''


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = dowødx Tseezh
|nativename = dowødx Tseer
|pronunciation =   
|pronunciation =   
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
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}}
}}


'''Tseezh''' (''chezh''; natively ''doløt Tseezh'' <small>Classical:</small> /doløt tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dowət tʃẽʃ/; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseezh), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
'''Tseer''' (''cher''; natively ''doløt Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /doløt tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dowət tʃẽʃ/; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.


Tseezh was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].
Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].
==Todo==
==Todo==
*Needs some vowel shifts
*Needs some vowel shifts
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*c, ć > tx, ts
*c, ć > tx, ts
*t- > th /T/
*t- > th /T/
*r > zh /r/
*r > r /r/


Numbers: don, oozhad, txim, khaag, omøøtx, dag, abood, xev, wooj, thab, taxaa, tzhøg
Numbers: don, oorad, txim, khaag, omøøtx, dag, abood, xev, wooj, thab, taxaa, trøg


''thanam'' = ice
''thanam'' = ice
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Classical Tseezh has 20 phonemic consonants: Syllable-final ''-dh'' is an allophone of /d/, and syllable final ''b d g'' are allophones of /p t k/.
Classical Tseer has 20 phonemic consonants: Syllable-final ''-dh'' is an allophone of /d/, and syllable final ''b d g'' are allophones of /p t k/.


m n ng /ŋ/
m n ng /ŋ/
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v dh /ð/ (dh only occurs syllable finally)
v dh /ð/ (dh only occurs syllable finally)


w zh /r̝~ʒ/ y /j/
w r /r̝~ʒ/ y /j/


;Notes
;Notes
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===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Classical Tseezh has 12 vowels: 6 oral and 6 nasal.
Classical Tseer has 12 vowels: 6 oral and 6 nasal.


'''a e i o u ø''' /a e i o u ɵ/  
'''a e i o u ø''' /a e i o u ɵ/  
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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Tseezh grammar and morphology are rather conservative (unlike [[Windermere]]). For example it has retained the Proto-Lakovic reduplicated plural, pluractionality and gender in verbs and the grammatical function of Proto-Lakovic applicatives or triggers.
Tseer grammar and morphology are rather conservative (unlike [[Windermere]]). For example it has retained the Proto-Lakovic reduplicated plural, pluractionality and gender in verbs and the grammatical function of Proto-Lakovic applicatives or triggers.
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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|-
|-
!|Subject clitics
!|Subject clitics
| ''-izh'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-ix'' || ''-txaa'' || ''-ba'' || ??? || ???
| ''-ir'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-ix'' || ''-txaa'' || ''-ba'' || ??? || ???
|-
|-
!|Full pronouns
!|Full pronouns
|''zhii''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''iix''||''txam''||''baa''||''???''||''???''
|''rii''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''iix''||''txam''||''baa''||''???''||''???''
|}
|}


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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Each noun has an intrinsic gender, either masculine or feminine. Feminine is marked with ''-x'' (pronounced [z] after ''V m n y w v dh b d g'', [əz] after ''x tx ts zh'' and [s] after ''f kh'').
Each noun has an intrinsic gender, either masculine or feminine. Feminine is marked with ''-x'' (pronounced [z] after ''V m n y w v dh b d g'', [əz] after ''x tx ts r'' and [s] after ''f kh'').


*''ativ'' = son-in-law; ''ativx'' = daughter-in-law
*''ativ'' = son-in-law; ''ativx'' = daughter-in-law
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Feminine subject: ''va-''
Feminine subject: ''va-''


:''Nutx-izh ownax'' = I loved the girl (male speaker)
:''Nutx-ir ownax'' = I loved the girl (male speaker)
:''Vanutx-izh ownax'' = I loved the girl (female speaker)
:''Vanutx-ir ownax'' = I loved the girl (female speaker)


====Voice====
====Voice====
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*Imperfective aspect: ''we-'' or reduplication
*Imperfective aspect: ''we-'' or reduplication
*Progressive: ''oL-'', ''oo-'' (~ Wdm. ''ăL-'', Modern ''oL-'' with non-past meaning)
*Progressive: ''oL-'', ''oo-'' (~ Wdm. ''ăL-'', Modern ''oL-'' with non-past meaning)
*Jussive: ''af-'' (~ Wdm. ''hef-''; Modern Tseezh uses ''xa-'' for imperative)
*Jussive: ''af-'' (~ Wdm. ''hef-''; Modern Tseer uses ''xa-'' for imperative)


===Derivation===
===Derivation===
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==Poetry==
==Poetry==
Tseezh poetry is based on rhyming and lines with set numbers of syllables.
Tseer poetry is based on rhyming and lines with set numbers of syllables.


[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 19:21, 31 May 2019

Tseer/Lexicon
Swadesh list for Tseer

This article describes Classical Tseer. See Tseer/Modern for Modern Tseer.
Tseer
dowødx Tseer
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Lakovic
  • Ashanic
    • Tseer
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tseer (cher; natively doløt Tseer Classical: /doløt tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dowət tʃẽʃ/; Skellan: brits Txeñz) is a Lakovic language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.

Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to Windermere; it left a significant influence on Windermere and Skellan.

Todo

  • Needs some vowel shifts
  • i ü u e o a ì ǜ ù è ò à → i ø u e o a ii øø uu ee oo aa
  • p > f
  • final -g, -w disappear
  • /w l/ > v w /v w/
  • ś, g > kh /x/
  • s- > θ > t /t/
  • -s > -x
  • š-, y- > x-
  • c, ć > tx, ts
  • t- > th /T/
  • r > r /r/

Numbers: don, oorad, txim, khaag, omøøtx, dag, abood, xev, wooj, thab, taxaa, trøg

thanam = ice

tawsuug = example

odoxmed = ??? (odosméd = 'byproduct' in Eevo)

nasal vowels merge with nonnasal vowels before m/n/ng/l?

Final -ng disappears leaving nasalization (as in Skellan)

hox = angle

thamex = side

ba<gon>aakh = proportion, ratio

anxoofay = climate

Phonology

Consonants

Classical Tseer has 20 phonemic consonants: Syllable-final -dh is an allophone of /d/, and syllable final b d g are allophones of /p t k/.

m n ng /ŋ/

t th /ʈ/ k ' /ʔ/

b d g

f x /s~z/ kh /x/ h

tx /ts/ ts /tʃ/

v dh /ð/ (dh only occurs syllable finally)

w r /r̝~ʒ/ y /j/

Notes
  • /x/ is [ʂ] in some dialects
  • b d g = [p t k] word-finally.

Vowels

Classical Tseer has 12 vowels: 6 oral and 6 nasal.

a e i o u ø /a e i o u ɵ/

aa ee ii oo uu øø /ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɵ̃/

/ɵ/ will be transcribed as /ø/ for convenience.

Morphology

Tseer grammar and morphology are rather conservative (unlike Windermere). For example it has retained the Proto-Lakovic reduplicated plural, pluractionality and gender in verbs and the grammatical function of Proto-Lakovic applicatives or triggers.

Pronouns

I thou (m.) thou (f.) he she we (exc.) we (inc.) you (pl.) they (an.)
Subject clitics -ir -ekh -ex -in -ix -txaa -ba ??? ???
Full pronouns rii khen kheex in iix txam baa ??? ???

'you' and 'they': from honorific expressions?

Todo: correlatives table

this, that = ti, fi

this/that man = ten, fen; this/that woman = teex, feex

here, there = mit, mif

Nouns

Each noun has an intrinsic gender, either masculine or feminine. Feminine is marked with -x (pronounced [z] after V m n y w v dh b d g, [əz] after x tx ts r and [s] after f kh).

  • ativ = son-in-law; ativx = daughter-in-law
  • bakhoo = uncle; bakhoox = aunt
  • athaay = lion; athaayx = lioness

Plurals are formed by reduplication with the reduplicant modified for phonotactic or euphonic reasons.

  • athaay 'lion' > a'athaay 'lions'
  • moog 'feather' > momoog 'feathers'

TODO: plural reduplication rules

Verbs

Verb template

TAM-pluractionality-feminine-voice-ROOT?

Agreement

Feminine subject: va-

Nutx-ir ownax = I loved the girl (male speaker)
Vanutx-ir ownax = I loved the girl (female speaker)

Voice

Passive: haa- (~ Windermere ha-)

Verbal number

Pluractionality is used when a verb is done multiple times or done to multiple objects.

Pluractionality: Fe-, FeL-, eeFe- or eeFeL- (cf. Windermere frequentative enFă-)

TAM

Aspects/Tenses:

  • Perfective aspect: unmarked
  • Intensive: tho-, ~ Wdm. thu-
  • Imperfective aspect: we- or reduplication
  • Progressive: oL-, oo- (~ Wdm. ăL-, Modern oL- with non-past meaning)
  • Jussive: af- (~ Wdm. hef-; Modern Tseer uses xa- for imperative)

Derivation

  • xi- = adjectivizer
    • xiwakoo = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'
  • ta- = nominalizer
  • boo- = agentive
  • (diminutive redup)

Poetry

Tseer poetry is based on rhyming and lines with set numbers of syllables.

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