Verse:Irta: Difference between revisions
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*** [[Verse:Irta/Icelandic Gaelic]] | *** [[Verse:Irta/Icelandic Gaelic]] | ||
*** Middle Irish | *** Middle Irish | ||
**** Modern Irish | **** Modern Irish | ||
**[[Galoyseg]] | ** Hyper-Brythonic | ||
*** [[Galoyseg]] | |||
*** [[Judeo-Brythonic]] | |||
**[[Nūratambās]] (spoken in North Africa) | **[[Nūratambās]] (spoken in North Africa) | ||
*** Modern language is Samanasphuore gib | *** Modern language is Samanasphuore gib |
Revision as of 04:12, 31 December 2021
In this versespace:
Irta |
- Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch
- Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch/Swadesh list
- Irta/Calendars
- Irta/Carnatic music
- Irta/Cualand
- Irta/Cualand/Bayroy Cafeece
- Irta/Dano-Vietnamese Wiebisch
- Irta/English
- Irta/English/Non-Azalic etyma
- Irta/English/Togarmite
- Irta/English names
- Irta/French
- Irta/Fêrrith Michaelidh
- Irta/Hebrew
- Irta/Humpback Whelsh
- Irta/Hylnehbyþin
- Irta/Icelandic Gaelic
- Irta/Ireland
- Irta/Irish
- Irta/Jacob Wellwise
- Irta/Judajsr
- Irta/Judajsr/Lexicon
- Irta/Judeo-Anbirese
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ballmer
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Filichdiș
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Literature
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Names
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Proto-Ăn Yidiș
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Sketchbook
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Translations
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Wordlist
- Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ăn Yidiș
- Irta/Modern Hebrew
- Irta/Music
- Irta/Naeng
- Irta/Remonitionism
- Irta/Remonitionist Multiversalism
- Irta/Sketchpad
- Irta/Talma
- Irta/Tamil
- Irta/Toki Pona
- Irta/Trician Jewish calendar
- Irta/Tricin
- Irta/Tricin/Dodellia
- Irta/Vietnamese
Irta (Hivantish for "Earth") is an alternate history of IE and nearby cultural regions. The premise is "different diachronic evolutions of English, Hebrew, Māori and a few other languages". Some other languages like French and Arabic are a bit more different from our timeline.
The proto-branch of English in this universe is set in what would be Spain and Portugal in our timeline.
The only IE branches in Irta not directly inspired by any real life IE languages are Mixolydian, Thurish and Hivantish.
Sketchpad
Hivantish can be dominant in the British Isles and most of continental Europe while English is mostly spoken in former colonies?
South America is mainly French- and Irish-speaking?
Sprachbünde
Western Europe and North Africa
Large vowel systems
This sound shift/sprachbund began with the development of Proto-Azalic itself. Remarkably, Spanish was spared of the massive vowel shifts, because it lacked vowel length and had a simple 5-vowel system.
The Maghrebi sprachbund is considered the "core" of this sprachbund. Languages outside of the Maghrebi sprachbund:
- Ăn Yidiș
- Proto-Azalic and English
- French
- British Hivantish
North African
Khmerization (from RTR/emphaticness > creaky voice, ATR/nonemphatic > breathy voice), resulting in some of the largest vowel systems in Irta.
Uvular R, which vocalizes in some languages
Headedness varies but likes suffixed definite articles
- Bhadhaghanábha
- Nūratambās
- Irtan Maghrebi Arabic
- an Azalic language
- Modern Camalanàbha
Mixolydian
A satem IE isolate written in the Latin alphabet; pronunciation is quite similar to Pinyin
Inspired by Polish and Albanian (aesthetically); Greek and Latin (grammatically)
z c s zh ch sh r rr j q x = /z ts s ʐ ʈʂ ʂ ɹ/ɽ r ʑ tɕ ɕ/
dz dzh dj = voiced versions of c ch q
Stop aspiration is as in Persian (st sounds like sth etc.)
j from PIE *y, y is used for /j/ in loanwords and from vowel breaking of PIE *e, e.g. yest "is" <- Proto-Mixolydian *esti
today Mixolydian is a small minority language; Mixolydians have almost entirely shifted to local languages (English, Greek, Romance, Iranian, Indian, Chinese)
Latin and Romance
Latin is a tonal language like Greek and Sanskrit
Hyperfrench
French through Proto-Slavic -> Russian sound changes (nasal vowels get denasalized etc.)
r -> h consistently; a four way stop distinction as in Hindi
Modern Latin
A language actually named after a cognate of "Latin" spoken in Latium; it has a roughly Catalan/Romanian/Occitan aesthetic
Latzial?
Should be close to Southern Italian lects (that gave us "capeesh")?
Ladino
Should Ladino be Judeo-Latzial rather than Judeo-Spanish?
Balkan Romance
A Modern Spanish gibby Romance language is spoken in the Balkans, in a sprachbund with Irtan Modern Greek; however, it has completely different sound changes from Spanish.
Modern Greek
Written in a version of Linear B, roughly Syllabics + katakana inspired
a lot more ways to write /i/ depending on PIE etymon? maybe *i and *iH can use different glyphs?
Hypergreek
Some sound splits conditioned by PIE etymon which are merged in Proto-Greek but do not affect intelligibility for a Modern Greek speaker
Portuguese gibby Hellenic
Irtan Yevanic
should be similar to our Modern Greek but with way more Arabic loans
The Yevanim bring Arabic culture to Jews in Irta, whereas in our world it was the Sephardim.
Mitanni
Weirdest interpretation of Mitanni cuneiform
English
Most in-universe English dialects don't merge some PIE sounds, like *ei and *ī, which are merged in Proto-Germanic. Otherwise they sound a lot like English accents from our timeline.
Hyperamerican
an English accent with lots of non-Germanic sound splits as well as General American sound mergers
LOT ~ THOUGHT, but PIE ey !~ PIE ī
Semitic
- Proto-Central Semitic
- Proto-East Semitic
- Akkadian
- Far East Semitic
Hebrew
- Main article: Verse:Irta/Hebrew
Paleo-Hebrew in this universe distinguishes most consonants of Proto-Semitic, unlike in our timeline. This is reflected in some in-universe Hebrew accents which preserve distinctions like צׁ (tsadi w/ right dot) /ts̠/ vs צׂ (tsadi w/ left dot) /ts/, cognate with Arabic emphatic S/Z and D.
Though in-universe Tiberian Hebrew is identical to that in our timeline, some in-universe reading traditions, such as Gaelic Hebrew, distinguish
- cholam from Proto-Semitic *u and *aw = /o/
- cholam from Proto-Semitic *ā = /u/ (/uə/ in some other reading traditions)
- Proto-Semitic *ū = Swedish u (/u/ in some other reading traditions)
Some accents merge the first two vowels like our TibH and Israeli did, some merge the second two, and others, such as Ăn Yidiș Hebrew, keep all three distinct. Hyper-Israeli reflects the first (and qamatz qatan) as (Seoul) Korean eo, the second as Korean o, and the third as Korean u.
Arabic
Classical Arabic is the same as in our timeline. Arabic is not spoken in our Maghreb, but is spoken in Turkey (with lots of Turkic loans).
Egyptian
get "Noether" or "Paf-Noether" (a Padmanábha surname) from *nāťar 'god', via a divergent descendant of Old Egyptian
Māori
Proto-Austronesian in Irta has the same urheimat as in our timeline but a very different phonology and morphology; its phonology is small like Finnish and its morphology is Altaic-ish; its evolution into Māori as we know it, a VSO language, is analogous to PIE's evolution into Irish.
Celtic
No ē-ey-iH merger?
- (Hyper)Celtic
- Old Irish
- Verse:Irta/Icelandic Gaelic
- Middle Irish
- Modern Irish
- Hyper-Brythonic
- Nūratambās (spoken in North Africa)
- Modern language is Samanasphuore gib
- Old Irish
Alternate history Canadian Gaelic
Can date back to Primitive Irish times, incorporates Algonquian loanwords
or should it be a Celtic-Algonquian creole?
A priori
Sinitic and Sino-Xenic
Mandarin
In-universe Mandarin has two scripts: an alternate history Pinyin and a Hebraization invented by __.
East Asian languages in Irta generally use the Roman alphabet
Alternate history pinyin: uses Zhuang tone letters
b p m f, d t n l, z c s, zr cr sr r, ź ć ś (or otherwise unmarked; clear from context), g k h
a, ae, au, an, ang
y for Pinyin e
"z" by itself is used for Pinyin "zi", Pinyin "ji" is written "zi" or sometimes "gi" (this alternate history Pinyin is introduced during Early Modern Mandarin times so literate users keep older distinctions though spelling mistakes are common nowadays)
Judeo-Mandarin
A form of Zhongyuan or Southwestern Mandarin
used in the Jewish Autonomous Region of Apple PIE China
Initials
באָ פאָ מאָ ףאָ טא תא נא לא קא כא חא ק'י כּ'י שי זרי צרי שרי רי זי צי סי
Rimes
אַ א אי אָ אוֹ אוּ a e i/(i after retros and dentals) o u ü; the dot in יִ can be omitted.
אַי עי אַל' אָל' אַן אן אַנק אנק אוֹנק אר/-ר ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong er/-r
ל'אַ אָ ל'אַי ל'עי ל'אַן ל'אן ל'אַנק ל'אנק wa o wai wei wan wen wang weng
ייאַ ייע ייאל' ייאָל' ייען ייִן ייאַנק ייִנק ייוֹנק ya ye yao you yan yin yang ying yong
אוּע אוּען אוּן yue yuan yun
ole telisha-gedola etnahta darga = Tones 1 2 3 4 (not motivated by similarity to cantillation melodies; important thing is visual distinguishability)
should use tone letters instead, Hmoob style
Sample
Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlù píngděng. Tāmen fùyǒu lǐxìng hé liángxīn, bìng yīng yǐ xiōngdì guānxì de jīngshén hùxiāng duìdài.
Japanese
ch, j written as slender t d/z
Subete no ningen va, umarenagara ni site ziıụ de ari, catsu, songen to cenli to ni tsuite bioηdoη de aru. Ningen va, liseη to lioηsin to o sazucerarete ori, tagai ni doηhọ no sẹsin o motte cọdọ sinacereba naranai.
R in native words, L in sino words
η for historical -ng
-ts, -c for final -tsu, -ku in sino words
ceu /kjo:/ "today" <- *kefu?
English words and wasei-eigo are written in italics; this isn't true of Romance words, e.g. pan "bread"
the word for thank you is written "obligatọ" by folk etymology
Accents
Apple PIE Japanese can distinguish slender d and slender z
Korean
모든 인간은 태어날 때부터 자유로우며 그 존엄과 권리에 있어 동등하다.
boðɨn inɡänɨn tʰæeɤnaʁ tæeβuʰtɤ d̤z̤äjuʁoumjə xɨ d̤z̤onɤmɣwä xwɤ̃ʁiɛj isə d̤oŋðɨŋäðä
Modyn inganyn tæ'enar ptæbute zaıuroumıe gy zonymgwa gwenriei isse doňdyňhada
alt-history Sinitic languages
Swedish/Icelandic inspired Sinitic
Second-largest Chinese lect in Irta
Develops its own version of erhua (transcribed -r) from Cuam influence but it means something different
- njem 'to think' > njemr (the m is lenited) 'thoughts'
Sinospheric IE
Indosphere and Austroasiatic
Tamil can use Cyrillic
Vietnamese can use an abugida based on the Far East Semitic abugida
Religions of Irta
Europe
- French, Latzial and Irish: Catholicism
- Azalic: Azalo-Buddhism (Buddhism travels further west in Irta); Protestantism (different from our Protestantism, more like "Christianity turned Buddhist"), minority Catholicism (Azalic-speaking areas were the birthplace of the Protestant Reformation; however the King James Bible does not exist as we know it)
- Hivantish: Hivantish paganism, Protestants are a minority
- Balkan Romance and Greek: Greek Orthodox
- Ăn Yidiș and Judeo-Balkan Romance: Judaism (obviously)
Africa
- Maghreb: Buddhist, Catholic
Asia
- Tamil, Indian Austroasiatic: druids; Catholic, Protestant, Sufi (various levels of syncretism)
- Togarmite: Sufi, various Hellenistic
- Far East Semitic: Sufi, druids, animist, Jewish