Eta-Talmic

Eta-Talmic/Lexicon

Eta-Talmic/Swadesh list

The Talmic languages (/ˈtɑːlmɪk/ TAHL-mik) are a subfamily of the Quame languages, spoken chiefly in the Talma and Bjeheond regions in the planet of Tricin. Their last common ancestor is Proto-Talmic (Eevo: Ymá-Talmib).

• PTal
  • Q-Talmic (?)
    • Proto-Tigol
      • Tigol
        • Eevo
        • Anbirese
        • Ciètian
    • Nurian
      • Modern Nurian, aka Shalaian
  • P-Talmic (?)
    • Qazhrian
    • Roshterian (becomes head-initial via a different path than Tigol does)

Although all present-day Talmic languages are rigidly head-initial, Proto-Talmic was much less so; we know this because different constructions and function words (such as prepositions and verbal morphology) fossilized in each Talmic subbranch.

Thensarian kept the most inflections out of the Talmic branches! So it was the worst language to Old Irishify

History of Talmic studies

History of the term

The Talmic family was referred to as the "Cēm languages" (Skellan: brits Ceem) in earlier Talman works, after the Thensarian word cēm for "one" inherited in all known Talmic languages at the time. After the discovery of other Quihum languages such as Naquian, the definition expanded to other Quihum languages, until Proto-Quihum was reconstructed with more accuracy and the family was renamed Quihum (Skellan: brits Cłillym or hølltu Cłillym). The designation Talmic (Skellan: Talmiv) is now applied to the branch, after the name of the Talma region where most of the Talmic languages are native to.

Todo

• -nəm = patientive
• sθan- = gather
  • sθannəm = gathering
    • Skellan sdann = (mathematics) set
  • ~ sta- in stāmom?

• add 0 grade, lengthened grade.
  • -ssōs = another noun suffix
  • 0 grade often > ə-grade but Cl, Cr > Cli-, Cri-
  • lengthened grades: ā ī ū > ó ī ū
• a Talmolang with j > š > sj > ɬ
• σ ζ instead of qw Gw?

Phonology

Proto-Celtic gibberish with some added consonants and vowels

Consonants

Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Panzux)

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labiovelar	Uvular	Labiouvular	Glottal
Nasal		*m	*n
Plosive	voiceless		*θ	*t		*k	*kʷ	*q	*qʷ
	voiced	*b	*δ	*d		*g	*gʷ
Fricative	voiceless	*ɸ		*s						*h
	voiced							*ʁ	*ʁʷ
Resonant			*l	*r	*y		*w

The Talman dialects, which eventually became Tigol and Qazhrian, merged alveolar stops into dental stops, but Nurian and Roshterian keep the sounds distinct to this day.

Vowels

a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū

Diphthongs:

ai ei oi ui aw ew iw ow

Thensarian reflexes

• a e i o u ə > a e i o u y
• ō > ū in word-final syllables; ā elsewhere (gives too much aw in Skellan?)
• ou > ō
• oi > oe
• ui > ui
• ew > eo
• iw > iu
• ai, au > ae, ao

Derivational morphology

Affixes

Some derivational affixes are:

• -nəm (n.) = patient suffix
• -ā- = verbalizer (from *-əx̌-; just for the Proto-Celtic gibbiness)
  • What if *-əx̌- meant something else in PQuih?
  • Roshterian -ia-/-i- - fossilized suffix in many verbs
• -ākos (n.) = verbal noun (from *-əx̌- verbalizer + *-kas = older VN suffix)
  • Roshterian -iac
• -akt(V)- = adjectivizer
  • Roshterian -ait

Syntax

The emphatic particle *-is was commonly suffixed to the verb, as seen directly in Thensarian and the fact that Rostherian kept most verb affixes intact.