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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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===Personal names=== | ===Personal names=== | ||
: '' Main article: [[Dundulanyä/Names|Dundulanyä names]]'' | : '' Main article: [[Dundulanyä/Names|Dundulanyä names]]'' | ||
==Example texts== | |||
===''Brif, bruf, braf''=== | |||
A Dundulanyä translation of the tale "Brif, bruf, braf" by [[w:Gianni Rodari|Gianni Rodari]] (from ''Favole al telefono'' (Telephone Tales), 1962). | |||
: rirä epena chir̃ā hajirāmitā viṣkaṇai idumū śudai vaininenaikūvai buɂibī vikṣlotadīra ḫamfat nisākhūra. | |||
: brif, braf tati lumpyä epenē nīnī. | |||
: braf, brof tati hälinaikē nīnī – epeneve cai thiɂlikai gālora. | |||
: hälinaika mirābā bhāvaṭā samprātrat meṣra geṇṭha ṭarghe takūnī yiyūnīṅ itta pāmyūva śucislam geṇṭha, meṣṛga va gorcaga sā va, huline raudī. | |||
: āqna ī āna epeneve omulṣäḍa tati hulinē nīnī. | |||
: meṣra ṭarghe sā prānīgūvī va: | |||
: «śāṃgh va.» | |||
: «epenev vainayanūhin uśudam tati niṣigūvī va itta īśa niṣyūvī?» | |||
: «yaivū itta uśudam. laire ī lītana tati lumpyä epenē nīnī. prānilau didya didya lītaniṣya tati hälinaikē pānīnīṅ.» | |||
: huline viṣpriṣṭūnī, epeneve sā ḫamfīhin vainīkūvai sebāre gaulura himena hijrī. | |||
: maraski, barabaski, pippirimoski tati lumpyä nīnī. | |||
: bruf tati hälinaikē pānīnī. yāyukaneve cai sebāre ēthäɂligḍa. | |||
: didya kamīne yaivū uśudam tati naig va tati idatvaḫa geṇṭha hulinē niqirblī. | |||
: yaivū itta uśudah tati p̃āja geṇṭha ṭarghē pānīnī. hine lilapā himena hulīce chläba tati lumpyä nīnī. lilapa lītanlītana tati hälinaikē pānīnīṅ. | |||
: lilapa ba sā raṅgrī lītanaś tati geṇṭha hulinē saṃśamī. | |||
: brif, bruf, braf tati geṇṭha ṭarghē pānīnī. | |||
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'''Original Italian''': | |||
Due bambini, nella pace del cortile, giocavano a inventare una lingua speciale per poter parlare tra loro senza far capire nulla agli altri.<br/> | |||
- Brif, braf, - disse il primo.<br/> | |||
- Braf, brof, - rispose il secondo. E scoppiarono a ridere. | |||
Su un balcone del primo piano c'era un vecchio buon signore a leggere il giornale, e affacciata alla finestra dirimpetto c'era una vecchia signora né buona né cattiva.<br/> | |||
- Come sono sciocchi quei bambini, - disse la signora.<br/> | |||
Ma il buon signore non era d'accordo:<br/> | |||
- Io non trovo.<br/> | |||
- Non mi dirà che ha capito quello che hanno detto.<br/> | |||
- E invece ho capito tutto. Il primo ha detto: che bella giornata. Il secondo ha risposto: domani sarà ancora più bello. | |||
La signora arricciò il naso ma stette zitta, perché i bambini avevano ricominciato a parlare nella loro lingua.<br/> | |||
- Maraschi, barabaschi, pippirimoschi, - disse il primo.<br/> | |||
- Bruf, - rispose il secondo. E giù di nuovo a ridere tutti e due.<br/> | |||
- Non mi dirà che ha capito anche adesso, - esclamò indignata la vecchia signora.<br/> | |||
- E invece ho capito tutto, - rispose sorridendo il vecchio signore. - Il primo ha detto: come siamo contenti di essere al mondo. E il secondo ha risposto: il mondo è bellissimo.<br/> | |||
- Ma è poi bello davvero? - insisté la vecchia signora.<br/> | |||
- Brif, bruf, braf, - rispose il vecchio signore. | |||
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'''English translation ([https://www.babblesf.com/gianni_rodari_english_translation.html sourced from here]): | |||
In the quiet of the courtyard, two children played by making up their own language to speak to one another without anyone else understanding what they said.<br/> | |||
“Brif, braf,” said the first.<br/> | |||
“Braf, brof,” answered the second. And they burst out laughing.<br/> | |||
On the second-floor balcony was a kind old man reading his newspaper, and looking down from the opposite window was an old woman who was neither good nor bad.<br/> | |||
“How foolish these children are,” said the woman.<br/> | |||
But the good man disagreed: “I don’t think so.”<br/> | |||
“Don’t tell me that you understood what they were saying.”<br/> | |||
“Actually, I understood everything. The first said: ‘What a beautiful day.’ The second replied: ‘Tomorrow will be even better.’”<br/> | |||
The woman turned up her nose but remained silent as the children began speaking in their own language once again.<br/> | |||
“Maraschi, barabaschi, pippirimoschi,” said the first.<br/> | |||
“Bruf,” replied the second. And both fell on the floor laughing once again.<br/> | |||
“Don’t tell me that you understood them this time,” exclaimed the woman crossly.<br/> | |||
“Actually, I understood everything,” answered the old man with a laugh. The first said: ‘How happy we are to be in this world.’ The second replied: ‘The world is so beautiful.’”<br/> | |||
“But is it really so beautiful?” demanded the old woman.<br/> | |||
“Brif, bruf, braf,” replied the old man. | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
'''Gloss:''' | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = rirä epena chir̃ā hajirāmitā viṣkaṇai idumū śudai vaininenaikūvai buɂibī vikṣlotadīra ḫamfat nisākhūra. | |||
| morphemes = rirä epen-a chir̃-ā hajirāmit-ā viṣkaṇ-ai idum-ū śud-∅-∅-ai vaininenā-∅-ikū-ai buɂib-ī vikṣlotadīr-∅-∅-a ḫamfa-t ni-sākh-∅-ū-ra. | |||
| gloss = two. child-<small>DIR.SG</small>. courtyard-<small>LOC.SG</small>. quiet-<small>LOC.SG</small>. other.<small>PERS-DIR.PL</small>. nothing-<small>ABL</small>. understand-<small>EXP-PAT-IMPF.3.SUBJ</small>. talk.<small>POT-EXP-REC-IMPF.3.SUBJ</small>. game-<small>ESS.SG</small>. special-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. language-<small>ACC.SG</small>. create-<small>EXP-AG-PAST.3DU.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = In the quiet of the courtyard, two children played by making up their own language to speak to one another without anyone else understanding what they said. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = brif, braf tati lumpyä epenē nīnī. | |||
| morphemes = brif, braf tati lumpyä epen-ē nī-∅-∅-(n)ī | |||
| gloss = (asemic), (asemic) <small>QUOT</small>. first. child-<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “Brif, braf,” said the first. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = braf, brof tati hälinaikē nīnī – epeneve cai thiɂlikai gālora. | |||
| morphemes = brif, braf tati hälinaik-ē nī-∅-∅-(n)ī – epen-eve cai thiɂl-∅-ik-ai gā-lo-∅-∅-ra | |||
| gloss = (asemic), (asemic) <small>QUOT</small>. second-<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. – child-<small>DIR.DU</small>. and_so.<small>EMPH</small>. laugh-<small>EXP-REFL-IMPF.3.SUBJ</small>. into-walk-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3DU.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “Braf, brof,” answered the second. And they burst out laughing. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = hälinaika mirābā bhāvaṭā samprātrat meṣra geṇṭha ṭarghe takūnī yiyūnīṅ itta pāmyūva śucislam geṇṭha, meṣṛga va gorcaga sā va, huline raudī. | |||
| morphemes = hälinaika mirāb-ā bhāvaṭ-ā samprātra-t meṣr-∅-∅-a geṇṭh-∅-∅-a ṭarghe ta-kū-∅-∅-(n)ī yiy-∅-ū-(n)ī=ṅ itta pā-myū-∅-∅-a śucisl0m-∅ geṇṭh-∅-∅a, meṣr-∅-g-∅-a va gorc-∅-g-∅-a sā va, huline rau-di-∅-∅-ī. | |||
| gloss = second. floor-<small>LOC.SG</small>. balcony-<small>LOC.SG</small>. newspaper-<small>ACC.SG</small>. kind-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. man.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>PLACE</small>-sit-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. read-<small>EXP-AG-PAST.3SG.IND</small>=and. meanwhile. opposite-be.<small>GENERIC_MASSES-EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. window-<small>BOUND.SG</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. kind-<small>EXP-IRR-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. <small>NEG</small>. mean-<small>EXP-IRR-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. <small>NEG</small>. woman.<small>DIR.SG</small>. protruding-stay-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = On the second-floor balcony was a kind old man reading his newspaper, and looking down from the opposite window was an old woman who was neither good nor bad. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = āqna ī āna epeneve omulṣäḍa tati hulinē nīnī. | |||
| morphemes = āqna ī āna epen-eve omulṣä-∅-∅-ḍa tati hulin-ē nī-∅-∅-(n)ī | |||
| gloss = <small>QUANTITY.DISTAL</small>. indeed. that.<small>DISTAL</small>. child.<small>DIR.DU</small>. silly-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES-3DU.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. woman-<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “How foolish these children are,” said the woman. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = meṣra ṭarghe sā prānīgūnī va: «śāṃgh va». | |||
| morphemes = meṣr-∅-∅-a ṭarghe sā prānī-∅-g-ū-(n)ī va: «śām-∅-g-∅-h va». | |||
| gloss = kind-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. man.<small>DIR.SG</small>. but.<small>EMPH</small>. agree-<small>EXP-IRR-AG-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. <small>NEG</small>. think-<small>EXP-IRR-PAT-PRES.1SG.IND</small>. <small>NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = But the good man disagreed: “I don’t think so.” | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = epenev vainayanūhin uśudam tati niṣigūvī va itta īśa niṣyūvī? | |||
| morphemes = epen-ev vainayan-ū=hin uśud-∅-∅-m tati ni-ṣy-∅-g-ū-ī va itta īśa ni-ṣy-∅-ū-ī? | |||
| gloss = child-<smalL>BOUND.DU</small>. conversation-<small>ABL.SG=3DU.POSS</small>. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. say-<small>FUT-EXP-IRR-AG-2SG.IND</small>. <small>NEG</small>. while. <small>POLAR_INTERR.EMPH</small>. say-<small>FUT-EXP-AG-2SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = Don’t tell me that you understood what they were saying. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = yaivū itta uśudam. laire ī lītana tati lumpyä epenē nīnī. prānilau didya didya lītaniṣya tati hälinaikē pānīnīṅ. | |||
| morphemes = yaiv-ū itta uśud-∅-∅-m. laire ī lītan-∅-∅-a tati lumpyä epen-ē nī-∅-∅-(n)ī. prānilau didya didya lītan-iṣy-∅-∅-a tati hälinaik-ē pānī-∅-∅-(n)ī=ṅ. | |||
| gloss = all-<small>ABL</small>. meanwhile. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. day.<small>DIR.SG</small>. indeed. beautiful-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. first. child-<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. tomorrow. more. more. beautiful-<small>FUT-EXP-PAT-3.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. second-<small>ERG.SG</small>. answer-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>=and. | |||
| translation = Actually, I understood everything. The first said: "What a beautiful day." The second replied: "Tomorrow will be even better." | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = huline viṣpriṣṭūnī, epeneve sā ḫamfīhin vainīkūvai sebāre gaulura himena hijrī. | |||
| morphemes = huline viṣpriṣṭ-∅-ū-(n)ī, epen-eve sā ḫamf-ī=hin vainī-∅-ikū-ai sebāre gā-ulu-∅-∅-ra himena hijr-∅-∅-ī. | |||
| gloss = woman.<small>DIR.SG</small>. frown_away-<small>EXP-AG-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. child-<small>DIR.DU</small>. but.<small>EMPH</small>. language-<small>INSTR.SG=3DU.POSS</small>. talk-<small>EXP-REC-IMPF.3.SUBJ</small>. again. into-walk.<small>PERF-EXP-3.IND</small>. herefore. be_silent-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = The woman turned up her nose but remained silent as the children began speaking in their own language once again. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = maraski, barabaski, pippirimoski tati lumpyä nīnī. | |||
| morphemes = maraski, barabaski, pippirimoski tati lumpyä nī-∅-∅-(n)ī | |||
| gloss = (asemic), (asemic), (asemic) <small>QUOT</small>. first.<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “Maraschi, barabaschi, pippirimoschi,” said the first. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = bruf tati hälinaikē pānīnī. yāyukaneve cai sebāre ēthäɂligḍa. | |||
| morphemes = bruf tati hälinaik-ē pānī-∅-∅-(n)ī. yāyukan-eve cai sebāre ēthäɂl-∅-ik-ḍa | |||
| gloss = (asemic) <small>QUOT</small>. second-<small>ERG.SG</small>. reply-<small>EXP-PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. – both-<small>DIR.DU</small>. and_so.<small>EMPH</small>. again. laugh.<small>INTENS-EXP-REFL-IMPF.3DU</small>. | |||
| translation = “Bruf,” replied the second. And both fell on the floor laughing once again. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = didya kamīne – yaivū uśudam tati naigū va tati idatvaḫa geṇṭha hulinē niqirblī. | |||
| morphemes = didya kamīne – yaiv-ū uśud-∅-∅-m tati nai-g-ū-∅ va tati id<a>tvaḫ-∅-∅-a geṇṭh-∅-∅-a hulin-ē niqirbl-∅-∅-ī | |||
| gloss = all-<small>ABL</small>. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. say.<small>IMP-IRR-AG-3</small>. <small>NEG</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. offend.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-3.IND</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. woman-<small>ERG.SG</small>. exclaim-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “Don’t tell me that you understood them this time,” exclaimed the woman crossly. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = yaivū itta uśudah tati p̃āja geṇṭha ṭarghē pānīnī. hine lilapā himena hulīce chläba tati lumpyä nīnī. lilapa lītanlītana tati hälinaikē pānīnīṅ. | |||
| morphemes = yaiv-ū itta uśud-∅-∅-m tati p̃āj-∅-∅-a geṇṭh-∅-∅-a ṭargh-ē pānī-∅-∅-(n)ī. hine lilap-ā himena hulīce chlä-∅-∅-ba tati lumpyä nī-∅-∅-(n)ī. lilapa lītan-lītan-∅-∅-a tati hälinaik-ē pānī-∅-∅-(n)ī=ṅ | |||
| gloss = all-<small>ABL</small>. meanwhile. understand.<small>PERF-EXP-PAT-1SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. smile-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. man-<small>ERG.SG</small>. answer.<small>IMP-IRR-AG-3</small>. this. world-<small>LOC.SG</small>. herefore. this_way. happy-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.1DU.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. first-<small>ERG.SG</small>. say-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. world.<small>DIR.SG</small>. beautiful-beautiful-<small>EXP.PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. second-<small>ERG.SG</small>. answer-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>=and. | |||
| translation = “Actually, I understood everything,” answered the old man with a laugh. The first said: ‘How happy we are to be in this world.’ The second replied: ‘The world is so beautiful.’” | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilapa ba sā raṅgrī lītanaś tati geṇṭha hulinē saṃśamī. | |||
| morphemes = lilapa ba sā raṅgr-ī lītan-∅-∅-a=ś tati geṇṭh-∅-∅-a hulin-ē saṃśam-∅-∅-ī. | |||
| gloss = world.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. but.<small>EMPH</small>. truth-<small>ESS.SG</small>. beautiful-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND=POLAR_INTERR</small>. <small>QUOT</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. woman-<small>ERG.SG</small>. insist-<small>EXP.PAT-PAST.3SG.IND</small>. | |||
| translation = “But is it really so beautiful?” demanded the old woman. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = brif, bruf, braf tati geṇṭha ṭarghē pānīnī. | |||
| morphemes = brif, bruf, braf tati geṇṭh-∅-∅-a ṭargh-ē pānī-∅-∅-(n)ī | |||
| gloss = (asemic) (asemic) (asemic) <small>QUOT</small>. old-<small>EXP-PAT-PRES.3SG.IND</small>. man-<small>ERG.SG</small>. answer.<small>IMP-IRR-AG-3</small>. | |||
| translation = “Brif, bruf, braf,” replied the old man. | |||
}} | |||
==External history== | ==External history== | ||