Tigol

Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages

Tigol/Lexicon

Tigol (TEE-gol, Anbirese: Tigol) is a Talmic language which arose from northern dialects of Thensarian. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages.

Primitive Eevo

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless		t /t/			k /k/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Fricative	voiceless			s /s/			h /h/
	voiced			[z]
Trill				r /r/
Approximant		w /ʋ/	l /l/		j /j/

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i /i/	ī /iː/			u /u/	ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/				o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/	ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ui.

Todo

• ull = place name morpheme (eul- in Anbirese)
• Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
• ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
• dobanis > dobh = to be like
• change ħ to ŋ
• immer < *φimmirae < φinae mirae = now
• Verb prefixes:
  • ar-: on, at
  • (deut.) as-: telic
  • (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
  • é-: with, co-
  • fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
  • for-: causative, through
  • (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
  • imm-: immediately
  • (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
  • ro-: down
  • sol-: a causative
  • (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
  • (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
  • (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
• Derivational affixes:
  • -ach = verbal noun
  • -aitt = adjectivizer
  • -all = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
  • an-/é- = intensive; 'very'
• -óid = origin suffix
• A nDessachthar = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
• *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").

1. i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
2. a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
3. u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.

Orthography

Talmic script; borrow h from Tergetic or Tamil script

Phonology

Consonants

• b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t /b k d f g l m n ŋ p r s t/
• "Lenition": ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h ṁ ph sh th /bʰ kʰ dʰ fʰ gʰ h mʰ pʰ sʰ tʰ/
• "Eclipsis": mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt /ᵐb ᵑk ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐp ⁿs ⁿt/
• Geminates: cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/

Vowels

• a e i o u /a e i o u/
• á é í ó ú /aː eː iː oː uː/
• ai ei io oi ui
• ae ao ái éi eó éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí

All five short vowels a e i o u could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.

Morphology

Main article: Tigol/Morphology