Tigol/Proto-Tigol

Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
Swadesh list

Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimae
Pronunciation	[/θensaːrimai/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Extinct	220 v.T.
Language family	Quihum Talmic Thensaric Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qth

Tigol/Proto-Tigol (gaθvae θensārimae) is an ancient Talmic language and the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Skellan, Anbirese, Nurian and Qazhrian. It is inspired by Proto-Celtic, Latin and Welsh. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic prose myths and some early scientific texts.

Todo

• Make Proto-Talmic > Thensarian vowel changes mirror Pre-Celtic > Proto-Celtic changes
• Antraδēs = a place name
• lugoboe 'land'
  • OEevo luġaḃ
    • Eevo luav
  • Nurian lugabui
• What to do with PTal ou and ō?
• nocterae = chain (got it by interpreting Noether as Welsh)
• Andaegōr = 'sun's perch'
• More u's - often gets umlauted in daughters
• Fossilized aspect distinctions for stative verbs vs active verbs
  • hear vs. listen
  • see vs. look
  • seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?

Background

See also: Talmic languages.

Phonology

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 17 consonants.

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Radical
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			[ŋ]
Plosive	voiceless		θ /t̪/	t /t/		c /k/	[ʡ]
	voiced	b /b/	δ /d̪/	d /d/		g /g/
Fricative	voiceless	φ /φ~h/		s /s/			ħ /ħ/
	voiced			[z]			ȝ /ʕ/
Trill				r /r/
Approximant		v /ʋ/	l /l/		j /j/

Notes

• Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
• [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
• /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
• /l/ is dental [l̪].
• [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
• /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had the following monophthongs:

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i /i/	ī /iː/			u /u/	ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/	ē /eː/			o /ɔ/	ō /oː/
Open			a /a/	ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ae ao ei eo iu oe ou ui.

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Some allowed clusters

• R = resonant X = obstruent
• Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.

Geminates

• mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ

RR

• mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr

RX

• mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ
• mb nd nδ ng nȝ
• lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
• rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ

XR

• φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
• sm sn sl sr sv
• φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
• φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr

XX

• sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
• cs ct ħs ħt

XXR

• sφl sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ L M G C B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar. The mood of a verb sometimes serves the same functions of subordinating conjunctions in English such as if. Sometimes it is erroneously said that Thensarian has no word for if; conjunctions meaning "if" exist (φīs, etc.) but they are not mandatory.

Example texts

• Early Thensarian: Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnovilatlom = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
• Primitive Tigol: Φēsvrostamāber glāduom gnovilatlom