Alska: Difference between revisions

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Alska (view source)

Revision as of 09:43, 20 January 2017

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Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"
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|u
|u
|[u]
|[u]
|
|often realized as [ʉ] by many speakers
|-
|-
|v
|v
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|
|
|s
|s
|ɕ
|ɕ tɕ
|(ç)
|(ç)
|
|
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*(sj)/(kj) represent [ɕ], but (kj) may also be realized as [ç] by some speakers.
*(sj)/(kj) represent [ɕ], but (kj) may also be realized as [ç] by some speakers.
*(ng) represents [ŋ], which occurs mostly as a word-final sound. Some speakers tend to realize (ng) as [ŋg] in its word final position, and [ŋ] elsewhere.
*(tj) represents [tɕ]
*(ng) represents [ŋ], which occurs mostly as a word-final sound. Some speakers tend to realize (ng) as [ŋg] in its word final position, and [ŋ] elsewhere.  
I.e: (betydning - meaning) [bɛ'ty:d.nɪŋg] - (betydningen - the meaning) [bɛ'ty:d.nɪŋ.en]


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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|}
|}


The possessive pronouns (min) and (din) change based on gender, but their plural versions, (iger) and (vår) do distinguish gender, only plurality.
The possessive pronouns (min) and (din) change based on gender, but their plural versions, (iger) and (vår) do not distinguish gender, only plurality.


Also, it is important to remember that (han) changes to (ham) in the Accusative, but back to (hans) in Genitive.  
Also, it is important to remember that (han) changes to (ham) in the Accusative, but back to (hans) in Genitive.  
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|smukke jintar
|smukke jintar
|dan smukka jinte
|dan smukka jinte
|smukke jintana / de smukka jintar
|smukke jintana / de smukke jintar
|-
|-
|a pretty girl
|a pretty girl
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====Comparative====
====Comparative====


The comparative form of adjectives is formed by adding (-ere)/(-ara) to the adjective.  The word 'en' precedes the noun being compared.  The adjective is inflected for the gender of the first noun being compared.   
The comparative form of adjectives is formed by adding (-er)/(-ara) to the adjective.  The word 'enn' precedes the noun being compared.  The adjective is inflected for the gender of the first noun being compared.  One may also use the construction ''X er mer ___ enn Y''.  In this case, the adjective does not inflect for gender.   


For example:
For example:


*''den man er strungere en danne jinte'' -  the man is stronger than that girl.   
*''den man er stérker enn danne jinte'' -  the man is stronger than that girl.   
*''danne jinte er mer stérk enn denne man.'' - that girl is stronger than that man.


If something is being compared on the same level, (så) is used before the adjective, and (som) is used after. Additionally, the adjective is not inflected, as the two nouns being compared are of equal status.


*''danne jinte er så strung som danne jinte'' - that girl is (just) as strong as that girl.
If something is being compared on the same level, (så) is used before the adjective, and (som) is used after. Additionally, the adjective is not inflected, as the two nouns being compared are of equal status.  It is also acceptable to say ''X er ____ som Y''.  Once again, in this construction, the adjective does not inflect, although this implies a slight difference: using this construction means that ''X'' has an attribute like ''Y'', but does not necessarily imply that the two are on the same level exactly. 
 
*''danne jinte er så stérk som danne jinte'' - that girl is (just) as strong as that girl.
*''det hus er pént som det hus (derover)'' - the house is pretty like that house (over there).
 


If something is being compared as less than another noun, (mintre)/(mintra) is used before the adjective, and (som) is used after.  The adjective is inflected normally for the gender of the first noun. (This can also be acheived by saying ''X er ikke så ____ som Y'')
If something is being compared as less than another noun, (mintre)/(mintra) is used before the adjective, and (som) is used after.  The adjective is inflected normally for the gender of the first noun. (This can also be acheived by saying ''X er ikke så ____ som Y'')


*''det hus er mintre smukt en dette hus'' - The house is less beautiful than that house.
*''det hus er mintre smukt enn dette hus'' - the house is less beautiful than that house.
*''den man er ikke så store som denne man'' - the man is not so large as that man.


====Irregular Adjectives====
====Irregular Adjectives====
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|cold
|cold
!lille
!lille
|smål
|småler
|smålest
|smålest
|little, small
|little, small
|-
|-
|}
|}
*(smål) by itself is the plural version of (lille)


===Numbers===
===Numbers===
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Cardinal'''
!'''Ordinal'''
!'''Number'''
!'''Number'''
!'''Cardinal'''
!'''Cardinal'''
!'''Ordinal'''
!'''Ordinal'''
|-
|-
!0
|0
|null
|null
| -
|
!1
|-
|1
|en
|en
|vørste
|vørste
|-
|-
!2
|2
|to
|to
|annen
|annen
!3
|-
|3
|tre
|tre
|trede
|trede
|-
|-
!4
|4
|fjir
|fjir
|fjerde
|fjerde
!5
|-
|5
|fimm
|fimm
|fimmte
|fimmte
|-
|-
!6
|6
|sex
|sex
|sjette
|sjett
!7
|-
|7
|syv
|syv
|syvente
|syvente
|-
|-
!8
|8
|åtte
|åtte
|åttente
|åttente
!9
|-
|9
|ni
|ni
|niente
|niente
|-
|-
!10
|10
|ti
|ti
|tiente
|tiente
!11
|-
|11
|ellfu
|ellfu
|ellfte
|ellfte
|-
|-
!12
|12
|tolfu
|tolfu
|tolfte
|tolfte
!13
|-
|13
|treten
|treten
|tretante
|tretante
|-
|-
!14
|14
|fjirten
|fjirten
|fjyrtente
|fjyrtente
!15
|-
|15
|fimmten
|fimmten
|fimmtente
|fimmtente
|-
|-
!16
|16
|sejksten
|sejksten
|sejkstente
|sejkstente
!17
|-
|17
|sytten
|sytten
|syttente
|syttente
|-
|-
!18
|18
|atten
|atten
|attente
|attente
!19
|-
|19
|nitten
|nitten
|nittente
|nittente
|-
|-
!20
|20
|tjyve
|tjyve
|tjyvente
|tjyvente
!21
|-
|21
|tjyveen
|tjyveen
|tjyveente
|tjyveente
|-
|-
!22
|22
|tjyveto
|tjyveto
|tjyvetoente
|tjyvetoente
!30
|-
|30
|treti
|treti
|tretiente
|tretiente
|-
|-
!31
|31
|tretien  
|tretien  
|tretiente
|tretiente
!40
|-
|40
|fjyrti
|fjyrti
|fjyrtiente
|fjyrtiente
|-
|-
!50
|50
|fimmti
|fimmti
|fimmtiente
|fimmtiente
!60
|-
|60
|sexti
|sexti
|sextiente
|sextiente
|-
|-
!70
|70
|syvti
|syvti
|syvtiente
|syvtiente
!80
|-
|80
|jåtti
|jåtti
|jåttiente
|jåttiente
|-
|-
!90
|90
|niti
|niti
|nitiente
|nitiente
!100
|-
|100
|hundre
|hundre
|hundrete
|hundrete
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Interrogatives'''
! colspan="11"|Interrogatives
|-
!'''English'''
!'''Alska'''
!'''Alska'''
|-
|-
!Who
|who
|vem
|vem
|-
|-
!What
|what
|vad
|vad
|-
|-
!Where
|where
|vor
|vor
|-
|-
!Why
|why
|vorfor
|vorfor
|-
|-
!How
|how
|vorden
|vorden
|-
|-
!When
|when
|når
|vornår
|-
|which
|vilke / vilka / vilket
|}
|}
*vornår is the interrogative version of ''når'', which is used for other time-statements.


===Adverbs===
===Adverbs===
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When using the adjective (god) as an adverb, it is important to recognize the difference between placing (god) before or after the verb.  When placed after the verb, it indicates that the subject does the verb ''well''.  However, when placed before the verb, it changes the meaning of the entire sentence.  (god) now indicates that the subject would like to perform the verb, or is receptive to the idea of doing the verb's action.  See the last example above for clarification.
When using the adjective (god) as an adverb, it is important to recognize the difference between placing (god) before or after the verb.  When placed after the verb, it indicates that the subject does the verb ''well''.  However, when placed before the verb, it changes the meaning of the entire sentence.  (god) now indicates that the subject would like to perform the verb, or is receptive to the idea of doing the verb's action.  See the last example above for clarification.
(god) may still be used before the verb, but it must be used in a different construction where the main verb becomes a sort of infinitive gerund and (er) becomes the main verb in the sentence.  This form is often used in the vernacular over example 3 above:
*''han er god til at løpe'' - he is good at running (lit. he is good at to run)


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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The use of <i>Ju</i> eliminates the need for this confusion.
The use of <i>Ju</i> eliminates the need for this confusion.


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]


==Examples==
==Examples==
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! English !! Alska
! English !! Alska
|-
|-
|    Our Father in heaven,          ||                  Vår féðer i himmell,
|    Our Father in heaven,          ||                  Vår Féðer i himmell,
|-
|-
|    hallowed be your name.      ||                    helige er din Nán.  
|    hallowed be your name.      ||                    helige er din Nán.  
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|    but deliver us from evil.                ||        men fremlév oss fra onda.
|    but deliver us from evil.                ||        men fremlév oss fra onda.
|}
|}
Notes:
*while (féðer) is the 'proper' word for (father), it is usually replaced by (far) in common speech.
*(nán) is pronounced exactly the sae as Danish (navn), but may be confusing to some because of its drastically changed orthography)
*(will) is the noun version of (vil) - (to want, will), and borrows it's orthography from English to prevent confusion.


===Comparison to Modern Scandinavian Languages===
===Comparison to Modern Scandinavian Languages===
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|}


[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]]
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