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{{Featured
|featured banner=Etu ethnema ta etu anzan uʾummen. Maye ta goyotita, ta ethahama, veta vemaguma, uʾunme mumnayyir.}}
{{movedon}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image = Ta Athnai.png
|image = Ta Athnai.png
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|date = 2012
|date = 2012
|familycolor = Language isolate
|familycolor = Language isolate
|fam1 = [[Attamian languages|Attamian]]
|fam1 = Attamian
|fam2 = [[Attamian languages#Attno-Damian languages|Attno-Damian]]
|fam2 = Attno-Damian
|fam3 = [[Attamian languages#Attnic languages|Attic]]
|fam3 = Attic
|fam4 = [[Attian|Attian]]
|fam4 = [[Attian|Attian]]
|ancestor = [[Attian#Middle Attian|Middle Attian]]
|ancestor = [[Attian#Middle Attian|Middle Attian]]
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|notice = IPA
|notice = IPA
}}
}}
'''Attian''' (Attian Hevriti: '''אתנְי''', Latin: '''Athnai''', [[IPA for Attian|/aθ'nai̩/]]) is a constructed, a priori and naturalistic language in the [[Attamian languages|Attamian family]] of languages, descended from the hypothetical [[Proto-Attamian]] language. It has no other purpose than to be an excellent display of my personal debauchery and pleasures.
'''Attian''' (''Attian Hevriti'': '''אתנְי''', ''Latin'': '''Athnai''', [[IPA for Attian|/aθ'nai̩/]]) is a constructed, a priori and naturalistic language in the Attamian family of languages, descended from the hypothetical Proto-Attamian language. It has no other purpose than to be an excellent display of my personal debauchery and pleasures.


The language is being created by the user and [[Linguifex:Administrators|administrator]] [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]] of '''Linguifex'''. Obviously, and almost self-evidently, it has no native speakers and is not the official language anywhere else than in an office.
The language is being created by the user and [[Linguifex:Administrators|administrator]] [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]] of '''Linguifex'''. Obviously, and almost self-evidently, it has no native speakers and is not the official language anywhere else than in an office.
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===Combinatorics===
===Combinatorics===
{{improvesection}}
====Syllable codas====
====Syllable codas====
These are the syllables allowed in coda position in both syllable and lexeme.
These are the syllables allowed in coda position in both syllable and lexeme.
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The Attian language is an active-stative language with fluid subjects, dependent upon semantic volition or control. This means that it marks the object of a transitive verb and the subject of a intransitive verb the same - with the '''patientive''' case - and mark the agent of the transitive separately, with the '''agentive''' case. The fluid subtype however, declares that the subject of an intransive verb, may be marked like the agent of the transitive, if the subject has sufficient control over the action.
The Attian language is an active-stative language with fluid subjects, dependent upon semantic volition or control. This means that it marks the object of a transitive verb and the subject of a intransitive verb the same - with the '''patientive''' case - and mark the agent of the transitive separately, with the '''agentive''' case. The fluid subtype however, declares that the subject of an intransive verb, may be marked like the agent of the transitive, if the subject has sufficient control over the action.


=====Patientive=====
The '''patientive''', or '''undergoing''' case, ({{sc|pat}})  is the case used to indicate both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb, in addition to being used for the citation form of nouns.  
The '''patientive''', or '''undergoing''' case, ({{sc|pat}})  is the case used to indicate both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb, in addition to being used for the citation form of nouns.  


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!
!


| colspan="6"|'''enath{{red|va}} atn{{blue|a}} mina'''
| colspan="6"|'''eta anth{{red|va}} atn{{blue|a}} mina'''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
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!
!


| colspan="6"|/ɛnˈaθwa atˈna ˈŋina/
| colspan="6"|/ɛtˈa anˈθwa atˈna ˈŋina/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
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!
!


|<small>e-</small>
|<small>eta</small>
|<small>nath</small>
|<small>anth</small>
|<small>{{red|-va}}</small>
|<small>{{red|-va}}</small>
|<small>atn</small>
|<small>atn</small>
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!
!


|{{sc|prox}}-
|this/{{sc|prox.sg.m}}
|man/{{sc|m.sg.}}
|man/{{sc|m.sg.}}
| -{{sc|m.{{red|agt}}}}
| -{{sc|m.{{red|agt}}}}
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|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="2"| «''I trip''»
| colspan="2"| ''I trip''


!
!


| colspan="4"| «''You trip me''»
| colspan="4"| ''You trip me''


!
!


| colspan="6"|«''This man sees a dog''»
| colspan="6"|''This man sees a dog''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="2"|«''I speak of myself'' or ''I am being spoken of»
| colspan="2"|''I speak of myself'' or ''I am being spoken of


!
!


| colspan="3"|«''I am being spoken of''»
| colspan="3"|''I am being spoken of''


!
!


| colspan="4"|«''The cat is eating itself''»
| colspan="4"|''The cat is eating itself''




!
!


| colspan="4"|«''The cat is being eaten''»
| colspan="4"|''The cat is being eaten''
|}
|}
=====Agentative=====
[[Image:Control-argument-at.png|right|thumb|A table of the Attian control and volition distinction in the core arguments, illustrating the two-way distinction in the subject of intransitive clauses.|240px]]
[[Image:Control-argument-at.png|right|thumb|A table of the Attian control and volition distinction in the core arguments, illustrating the two-way distinction in the subject of intransitive clauses.|240px]]
The '''agentative''' ({{sc|agt}}) case is used to mark the subject, or agent, of transitive verbs. However, intertwined with the Attian language's distinction on control and volition, there is a slight intentional distinction on intransitives, marking high control intransitives through the agentative argument. Confer the difference betweem the [[w:English language|English]] intransitives "He tripped" and "He talked". In Attian, the former argument would be marked with the patientative case, since he is undergoing the verb, and the latter would be marked with the agentative, since he is in full control of his actions and the agent of the verb.  
The '''agentative''' ({{sc|agt}}) case is used to mark the subject, or agent, of transitive verbs. However, intertwined with the Attian language's distinction on control and volition, there is a slight intentional distinction on intransitives, marking high control intransitives through the agentative argument. Confer the difference betweem the [[w:English language|English]] intransitives "He tripped" and "He talked". In Attian, the former argument would be marked with the patientative case, since he is undergoing the verb, and the latter would be marked with the agentative, since he is in full control of his actions and the agent of the verb.  
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|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="2"|  /ˈhiŋaŋ͡m/
| colspan="2"|  /ˈhiŋ͡møŋ͡m/


!
!


| colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa ˈhiŋa/
| colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa ˈhiŋ͡mø/


!
!


| colspan="2"|/ˈhaŋaŋ͡m/
| colspan="2"|/ˈhaŋ͡møŋ͡m/


!
!


| colspan="3"|/aˈŋ͡ma haŋ/  
| colspan="3"|/aŋ͡mˈa haŋ/  
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
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|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="2"|«''You are breathing.'' »<br/><small>(involuntarily, subconciously)</small>
| colspan="2"|''You are breathing.'' <br/><small>(involuntarily, subconciously)</small>


!
!


| colspan="3"|«''You are breathing.''»<br/><small>(intentionally, "breathing heavily")</small>
| colspan="3"|''You are breathing.''<br/><small>(intentionally, "breathing heavily")</small>


!
!


| colspan="2"|«''Breathe!'' »<br/><small>(as in "to start breathing")</small>
| colspan="2"|''Breathe!'' <br/><small>(as in "to start breathing")</small>


!
!


| colspan="3"|«''Breathe!''»<br/><small>(as in "calm down")</small>
| colspan="3"|''Breathe!''<br/><small>(as in "calm down")</small>
|}
|}


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|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="2"|«''You cook (something)''»
| colspan="2"|''You cook (something)''


!
!


| colspan="5"|«''You are cooking a squirrel''»
| colspan="5"|''You are cooking a squirrel''


!
!


| colspan="4"|«''The bird flies''»
| colspan="4"|''The bird flies''
|}
|}


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|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| '''gva va grammua cvenn{{blue|an}} gira'''  
| colspan="8"| '''gva va gramma genn{{blue|an}} gira'''  
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɡwa wa ˈɡr̥aŋ͡mu̩a ˈkwɛnːan ˈɡira/
| colspan="8"| /ɡwa wa ˈkr̥aŋ͡mø ˈk͡pœœnːan ˈɡira/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
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|<small>-va</small>
|<small>-va</small>
|<small>va</small>
|<small>va</small>
|<small>grammu-</small>
|<small>gramm-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>kvenn</small>
|<small>kvenn</small>
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|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| «''I write the letter with a pen''»
| colspan="8"| ''I write the letter with a pen''
|}
|}


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|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="4"|'''atva {{blue|u}}tagāv{{blue|un}} aggim'''
| colspan="4"|'''atva {{blue|u}}tagav{{blue|un}} aggim'''


!
!
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|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|'''gva rega {{blue|a}}magv{{blue|an}} gāva'''
| colspan="8"|'''gva rega {{blue|a}}magv{{blue|an}} gava'''


!
!
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|<small>magv</small>
|<small>magv</small>
|<small>-{{blue|an}}</small>
|<small>-{{blue|an}}</small>
|<small>gāva</small>
|<small>gava</small>


!
!
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<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->


| colspan="7"| «''I cut bread with knifes''»
| colspan="7"| ''I cut bread with knifes''


!
!


| colspan="3"|«''I am hit with stones''»
| colspan="3"|''I am hit with stones''
|}
|}


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|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="5"|'''amnayya g{{blue|ān}}?'''
| colspan="5"|'''amnayya g{{blue|an}}?'''


!
!
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<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->


| colspan="5"| «''Are you with me?''»
| colspan="5"| ''Are you with me?''


!
!


| colspan="6"|«''I make it with you.''»
| colspan="6"|''I make it with you.''


!
!


| colspan="6"|Literary:«''I am with no hair.''» or «''I have no hair.''»
| colspan="6"|''I am with no hair.'' or ''I have no hair.''
|}
|}


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!
!


| colspan="3"|'''mumnayyiz g{{blue|ān}}'''
| colspan="3"|'''mumnayyiz g{{blue|an}}'''


!
!


| colspan="4"| '''ethunann g{{blue|ān}}'''
| colspan="4"| '''ethunann g{{blue|an}}'''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
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|<small>mumnayyiz</small>
|<small>mumnayyiz</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>{{blue|-ān}}</small>
|<small>{{blue|-an}}</small>


!
!
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|<small>-nn</small>
|<small>-nn</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>{{blue|-ān}}</small>
|<small>{{blue|-an}}</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
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<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->


| colspan="5"| «''I'm seen by you''»
| colspan="5"| ''I'm seen by you''


!
!
.
.
| colspan="3"|«''Discovered by me''»
| colspan="3"|''Discovered by me''


!
!


| colspan="4"|«''Me, I speak of myself.''»
| colspan="4"|''Me, I speak of myself.''
|}
|}


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There are several different degrees of animacy, which at times also intertwine with salency. The grading goes from ''Very high'' to ''Very low'' and spans 7 degrees. The top and most animate nouns are humans, and especially men and leaders. Women normally rank as at least as animate as men, but they can in certain circumstances be degraded to indicate inferiority. The least animate substantives are minerals, abstraction and in part; plants.  
There are several different degrees of animacy, which at times also intertwine with salency. The grading goes from ''Very high'' to ''Very low'' and spans 7 degrees. The top and most animate nouns are humans, and especially men and leaders. Women normally rank as at least as animate as men, but they can in certain circumstances be degraded to indicate inferiority. The least animate substantives are minerals, abstraction and in part; plants.  


====Don't blaim the stone====
====Don't blame the stone====
{{quote
{{quote
|text='''Men vathim vana'''.
|text='''Men vathim vana'''.
|sign=Anathir t'Armavir
|sign=Anathir t'Armavir
|source=Descriptions of the language, p. 35
|source=Descriptions of the language, p. 35
|about= '''Don't blaim the stone''' is a well known Attian saying, invented by the Attian grammarian Athanir t'Armavir. It's idiomatic meaning is that one should not blaim the tool when it is not the master of its own actions. It also carries grammatical significance, since the Attian language does not allow inanimate nouns to be the agent of a verb. An equivalent phrase in English would be: ''It isn't the gun that kills, but the one who pulled the trigger''.
|about= '''Don't blame the stone''' is a well known Attian saying, invented by the Attian grammarian Athanir t'Armavir. It's idiomatic meaning is that one should not blame the tool when it is not the master of its own actions. It also carries grammatical significance, since the Attian language does not allow inanimate nouns to be the agent of a verb. An equivalent phrase in English would be: ''It isn't the gun that kills, but the one who pulled the trigger''.
}}
}}
Below is an example of someone hit with stones. Here, the subject impossibly could be marked with the agentive, taking their inanimacy in regard. Instead, you may put the subject in the [[Attian#Instrumental|instrumental]] case, and mediopassivise the verb.  Alternatively the subject is degraded to an oblique, and a new subject is introduced.
Below is an example of someone hit with stones. Here, the subject impossibly could be marked with the agentive, taking their inanimacy in regard. Instead, you may put the subject in the [[Attian#Instrumental|instrumental]] case, and mediopassivise the verb.  Alternatively the subject is degraded to an oblique, and a new subject is introduced.
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*The instrumental forms transform verbal nouns to adverbs after verbs.
*The instrumental forms transform verbal nouns to adverbs after verbs.
*The locative forms transform nouns to locational or directional adverbs after verbs.
*The locative forms transform nouns to locational or directional adverbs after verbs.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; "
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; "
|-
! colspan="7"|Distal demonstrative pronouns
! colspan="7"|Distal demonstrative pronouns
|-
|-
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! style="text-align: center;"|<small>Neuter</small>
! style="text-align: center;"|<small>Neuter</small>
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Agentive</small>
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Dependent</small>
| style="text-align: center;"|''ta<sup>1</sup>''
| style="text-align: center;"|''aʾ''-
| style="text-align: center;"|''an/va''
| style="text-align: center;"|''eʾ-''
| style="text-align: center;"|''tu/ta<sup>1</sup>''
| style="text-align: center;"|''aʾ''-
| style="text-align: center;"|''tim''
| style="text-align: center;"|''aʾ''-
| style="text-align: center;"|''vim''
| style="text-align: center;"|''eʾ-''
| style="text-align: center;"|''tev''
| style="text-align: center;"|''aʾ''-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Independent</small>
| style="text-align: center;"|''ah''
| style="text-align: center;"|''eh''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ah''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ahaʾ''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ehiʾ''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ahaʾ''
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Instrumental</small>
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Instrumental</small>
| style="text-align: center;"|''tan''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ahan''
| style="text-align: center;"|''an''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ehin''
| style="text-align: center;"|''tun''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ehen''
| style="text-align: center;"|''itan''
| style="text-align: center;"|''anni''
| style="text-align: center;"|''in''
| style="text-align: center;"|''enni''
| style="text-align: center;"|''utun''
| style="text-align: center;"|''henu''
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Locative</small>
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Locative</small>
| style="text-align: center;"|''tat''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ahat''
| style="text-align: center;"|''vat''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ehit''
| style="text-align: center;"|''tut
| style="text-align: center;"|''ehet''
| style="text-align: center;"|''itat''
| style="text-align: center;"|''atti''
| style="text-align: center;"|''ivat''
| style="text-align: center;"|''etti''
| style="text-align: center;"|''utun''
| style="text-align: center;"|''hetu''
|}
|}
#The instrumental demonstratives may be identical to the agentive ones when preceeding adverbs.
*It is important to note that null-coda articles are inverted and prefixed when preceeding a word with an onset. Thus for example ''ta'' → ''at-''.


====Proximal demonstratives====
====Proximal demonstratives====
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==Pragmatics==
==Pragmatics==
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Attamian]][[Category:Attian]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Attian]][[Category:Featured]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]
{{Waahlis}}
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