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|name=Middle ''I Kronurum''
|name=Middle ''I Kronurum''
|nativename=''"that which is spoken"''
|nativename=''"that which is spoken"''
|pronunciation=/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/
|pronunciation=ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum
|-
|creator=[[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolás Straccia]]
|creator=[[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolás Straccia]]
|setting=''Yrḳuti'' conworlding project
|setting=''Yrḳuti'' conworlding project
|-
|states=The ''Seven Marks of Ifarka'' and some exclaves under their influence
|states=The ''Marks of Ifarka'' (i-Étrir, i-Jókláran, i-Fóþrhir, [...]) and some exclaves under their influence
<!--|speakers=
<!--|speakers=
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>𐌹𐌺𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌼</big>
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>𐌹𐌺𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌼</big>
Line 22: Line 20:
|ancestor4=Old IK
|ancestor4=Old IK
|ancestor5=Early Middle I Kronurum
|ancestor5=Early Middle I Kronurum
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Gothic script|Gothic]], native
|script1 = Latn
|iso3=qkm
|script2 = Goth
|-
|clcr=qkm
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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The language known as I Kronurum (IK) is a part of the [[Northern Languages]] linguistic family, which populates the northern region of the central continent.
The language known as I Kronurum (IK) is a part of the [[Northern Languages]] linguistic family, which populates the northern region of the central continent.


Notwithstanding the several subgroups that have split from this branch at different stages, this Central Branch of the family has been studied as a continuity in which four main stages can be identified: ''Ancient IK'' (AIK), ''Old IK'' (OIK), ''Middle IK'' (MIK; together with ''Early-MIK'', EMIK) and ''Modern IK'' (MoIK; together with ''Early-MoIK'', EMoIK).
Notwithstanding the several subgroups that have split from this branch at different stages, this Central Branch of the family has been studied as a continuity in which four main stages can be identified:
 
:· ''Ancient I Kronurum'' (AIK),
 
:· ''Old I Kronurum'' (OIK),
 
:· ''Middle I Kronurum'' (MIK; together with ''Early-MIK'', EMIK) and
 
:· ''Modern I Kronurum'' (MoIK; together with ''Early-MoIK'', EMoIK).


The developmental stage presented in this article is that of ''Middle IK'' (MIK). At this stage, a group of OIK speakers has already moved westwards from the AIK speaker's cultural ''Urheimat'', which was located in the plains in the northern region of the central continent. MIK is thus the main variety spoken in the region nearby and at the shores of the northern sea.
The developmental stage presented in this article is that of ''Middle I Kronurum'' (MIK). At this stage, a group of OIK speakers has already moved westwards from the AIK speaker's cultural ''Urheimat'', which was located in the plains in the northern region of the central continent. MIK is thus the main variety spoken in the region nearby and at the shores of the northern sea.
 
 
The endonym of this region is ''Ifarka'' (/ʔi.ˈfɑɾ.kɐ/), which is translated as "The Land". It is divided at the top level in seven administrative provinces, called Marks or "defended regions" (''Igódánafáreþ'' /ʔi.ˈgu̜.dɑi̯.nɐ.ˌfɑi̯.ɾe̞θ/), which hold periodical meetings regarding whichever matters would affect the generality of the Hold.
 
:{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
| {{sc|i}} || {{sc|southmark}} <small>(south-west)</small> || ''i-Étrir'' || /ʔi.ˈʔei̯.tɾiɾ/ || style=text-align:left| „the standing“, southern mark; “Southmark”
|-
| {{sc|ii}} || {{sc|westmark}} || ''i-Jókláran'' || /ʔi.ˈju̜.klai̯.ɾɐn/ || style=text-align:left| “the fjords”, western mark; “Westermark”, “Fjordmark”
|-
| {{sc|ii}}<small>.a</small> || {{sc|northern-westmark}} || ''i-Dehráleþ'' || /ʔi.ˈde̞.hɾai̯.le̞θ/ || style=text-align:left| “the cliffed”, northern shoreside of Mark i-Jókláran.
 
The name sounds like “i-Dehláreþ”, which would mean “Bigflower”, and some would refer to it like that as a compliment or display of local pride.
|-
| {{sc|ii}}<small>.b</small> || {{sc|southern-westmark}} || ''i-Árháfr'' || /ʔi.ˈʔɑi̯ɾ.hɑi̯.fɾ̩/ || style=text-align:left| “the shorebend”, southern shoreside of Mark i-Jókláran
|-
| {{sc|iii}} || {{sc|northern-eastmark}} || ''i-Fóþrhir'' || /ʔi.ˈfu̜.θɾ̩.hiɾ/ || style=text-align:left| "the ridge", northeastern mark; “Ridgemark”
|-
| {{sc|iv}} || {{sc|southern-eastmark}} || ''i-Branárlåjn'' || /ʔi.ˈb̥ɾɑ.nɐi̯ɾ.ˌlɑi̯n/ || style=text-align:left| “longbend valley”, higher valley of the great river
|-
| {{sc|v}} || {{sc|valleybend mark}} || ''i-Þistelåjn'' || /ʔi.ˈθis.te̞.lɑi̯n/ || style=text-align:left| “mouth/gape valley”, lower valley of the great river
|-
| {{sc|vi}} || {{sc|longshore mark}} || ''i-Branháfrjók'' || /ʔi.ˈb̥ɾɑn.hai̯.ˌfɾju̜k/ || style=text-align:left| “the long beach shore(line)"
|-
| {{sc|vii}} || {{sc|islemark}} || ''i-Elugrujifjórd'' || /je̞.ˈlu.gɾu.ji.fju̜ɾd̥/ || style=text-align:left| “the grabbed/conquered port”, metonymic name for the whole Islemark
|-
|}


The endonym of this region is ''Ifarka'' (/ʔi.ˈfɑɾ.kɐ/), which is translated as "The Land". It is divided in several administrative provinces, called ''Igódánafáreþ'' (/ʔi.ˈgu̜.dɑi̯.nɐ.ˌfɑi̯.ɾe̞θ/; "Marks"), which hold periodical meetings regarding whichever matters would affect the generality of the hold.
<br/>
<br/>


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====Other diphtongs====
====Other diphtongs====


{| class="wikitable
{|  
|-
|-
| ⟨i.o⟩ → /io̯/~/jo/(N/R) ||  
| ⟨i.o⟩ → /io̯/~/jo/(N/R) ||  
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| ⟨oj⟩ → /o̞j/~/oi̯/ ||  
| ⟨oj⟩ → /o̞j/~/oi̯/ ||  
|-
|-
| ⟨ój⟩ → /u̜j/~/ui̯/ || "fish" ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/<sup>1</sup>, "fishy" ''strójrin'' /ˈstɾuj.ɾin/ [ˈstɾui̯.ɾin]
| ⟨ój⟩ → /u̜j/~/ui̯/ || E.g. "fish" ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/<sup>1</sup>, "fishy" ''strójrin'' /ˈstɾuj.ɾin/ [ˈstɾui̯.ɾin]
|-
| colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="2"| <sup>1</sup> the conservative pronunciation of ''strójr'' ranges between /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ and [ˈstɾu̹.ɟɾ̩]; a less conservative pronunciation is [ˈstɾu̹ɪ̯ɾ], which has regularized the diphthong and coalesced the word into a single syllable.
|-
|-
|}
|}
<small><sup>1</sup> the conservative pronunciation of ''strójr'' ranges between /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ and [ˈstɾu̹.ɟɾ̩]; a less conservative pronunciation is [ˈstɾu̹ɪ̯ɾ], which has regularized the diphthong and coalesced the word into a single syllable.</small>


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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====Onset mutations====
====Onset mutations====


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible" style="margin:0 0 0 1em; float:right;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin:0 0 0 1em; float:right;"
! colspan=3 | Mutation grade
! colspan=3 | Mutation grade
|-
|-
!0||1||2
!0||1||2
|-
|-
|b- /b/~/β/ ||p- /p/ ||f- /f/
|p- /p/ ||f- /f/ ||f- /f/
|-
|b- /b/~/β/ ||ƕ- /hw/ ||p- /p/
|-
|t- /t/ ||þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|-
|d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/
|d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|-
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/ ||b- /b/~/β/
|þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/ ||d- /d/
|-
|-
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|-
|j- /j/ ||jw- /jʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|k- /k/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|-
|-
|k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/
|g- /g/~/ɣ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|-
|-
|l- /l/ ||l- /l / ||lh- /ɬ/
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||mw- /mʷ/~/w/
|-
|-
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||w- /w/
|n- /n/ ||ñ- /ɲ/ ||ng- /ŋ/
|-
|-
|n- /n/ ||nw- /nʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|l- /l/ ||lh- /ɬ/ ||lh- /ɬ/
|-
|-
|s- /s/ ||þ- /θ/ ||ś- /ʃ/
|s- /s/ ||ś- /ʃ/ ||ś- /ʃ/
|-
|-
|t- /t/ ||d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/
|w- /w/ ||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/ || w- /w/
|-
|j- /j/ ||ś- /ʃ/ ||lh- /ɬ/
|-
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/
|-
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/ ||p- /p/
|-
|-
|w- /w/ ||gw- /gʷ/ ||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
|}
|}


Onset mutations posit a great challenge for the diachronic analysis of I Kronurum. Since the previous stages of the language are not yet well documented, most of the information on this regard is a matter of scientific speculation.
Onset mutations posit a great challenge for the diachronic analysis of I Kronurum. As the previous stages of the language get better and better documented, scientific speculation gives way to scientific fact.


Given the data available and the currently valid synchronic analysis, they are analysed as conforming a continuum of mutation grades from 0 to 2. The 0 degree of mutation is that of the onset consonant as it appears in the citation form of the root (nominative, unmarked). A first and second degree of mutation will be triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases: the preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers the first degree of mutation. The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (ACC) and triggers the second degree of mutation. Thus the mutations of ‹d› /d/, ‹ð› /ð/ and ‹þ› /θ/, are considered part of a continuum as in the example below.
Given the data available and the currently valid synchronic analysis, they are presented for pedagogical ends as conforming a continuum of mutation grades from 0 to 2. The 0 degree of mutation is that of the onset consonant as it appears in the citation form of the root (nominative, unmarked). A first and second degree of mutation is perceived as being triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases: the preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and 'triggers' the first degree of mutation. The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (ACC) and 'triggers' the second degree of mutation. Thus the mutations of ‹k› /k/, ‹h› /h/ and ‹g› /g/, are considered part of a continuum as in the example below.


Eg. ''duma'' {fox:{{sc|nom}}}, ''ó ðumen'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|gen}} fox-{{sc|gen}}{{rcbr}}, ''tró þuma'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|acc}} fox:{{sc|acc}}{{rcbr}}
Eg. ''kramo'' {crow:{{sc|nom}}}, ''ó hramen'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|gen}} crow-{{sc|gen}}{{rcbr}}, ''tró gramo'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|acc}} crow:{{sc|acc}}{{rcbr}}
 
Some of the occurring phenomena are nasalization, labialization, palatalization, velarization, fricativization, voicing and devoicing.


===Phonotaxis===
===Phonotaxis===
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These are some situations where sandhi rules apply. Generalized rules to follow.
These are some situations where sandhi rules apply. Generalized rules to follow.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! Sandhi || Example
|-
|-
| -/ren/-/rin/ → -/relin/, -/ro/-/rion/ → -/rolion/ || ash-coloured, grey ''agoróśigrelin'' {agor-ó-śigren-rin} → {agor-ó-śigrelin}
| -/ren/-/rin/ → -/relin/, -/ro/-/rion/ → -/rolion/ || ash-coloured, grey ''agoróśigrelin'' {agor-ó-śigren-rin} → {agor-ó-śigrelin}
|-
|-
| jw+u- /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] || sky ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/ ; of the sky ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/
<!-- | jw+u- /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] || sky ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/ ; of the sky ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/ -->
|-
|-
| -/u̜.j/- → -/ui̯/- || fish ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.) ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/
| -/u̜.j/- → -/ui̯/- || fish ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.) ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/
|-
|-
| -/m/·/b/- → -/mb̥/- || small animal ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/
| -/m/·/b/- → -/mb̥/- || small animal ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/
|-
| /bl/- → -/b̥l/ || blód /ˈb̥lu̹d̥/
|-
|-
| -/Vg/·/l/- → -/Vg̊l/- || portion, part, section ''abágli'' / ˈʔɑ.bai̯.g̊li /
| -/Vg/·/l/- → -/Vg̊l/- || portion, part, section ''abágli'' / ˈʔɑ.bai̯.g̊li /
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| -/t/·/n/- → -/d/- || In the case of the attenuative infix ‹t›, e.g.:
| -/t/·/n/- → -/d/- || In the case of the attenuative infix ‹t›, e.g.:
to work, to labour ''hénur'' /ˈhei̯.nuɾ/ → to do chores ''hé·t·nur'' > ''hédur'' /ˈhei̯.duɾ/
to work, to labour ''hénur'' /ˈhei̯.nuɾ/ → to do chores ''hé·t·nur'' > ''hédur'' /ˈhei̯.duɾ/
|-
| -n-t- → -nd̥- || won-tró-ƕartagra → wondróƕarta [ˈwo̞n.d̥ɾu̹.ˌhʷɐɾ.tɐ]
|-
|-
| /lu/-/wa/- → /ˈlu.ʔa/- || to strike, to hit ''waŕtur'' /ˈwɑr.tuɾ/ → to beat ''lu·waŕtur'' > ''luaŕtur'' /ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ/
| /lu/-/wa/- → /ˈlu.ʔa/- || to strike, to hit ''waŕtur'' /ˈwɑr.tuɾ/ → to beat ''lu·waŕtur'' > ''luaŕtur'' /ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ/
|-
| /θVθ/→/θVt/ || <jóneþóþanen>→<jóneþótanen>
|-
| -/θ/·/k/- → -/θː/- || noþþánur (< noþ-kánur)
|-
| -/ɾ/·/r/- → -/r/- || ar-ŕó /ˈʔɑɾ/+/ˈru̹/ → ''aŕó'' /ʔɑ.ˈru̹/ emptily (empty-ADV)
|-
| larnnirin → larnirin || -nn- → -n- when ADJZ is added (word is longer)
|-
| -/_.ris/-/ris/- → -/_rissis/ || lexicalized+DAT-DAT
[dafríra-rírahiŕis]-ris → [dafríra-rírahiŕissis]
|-
| -/_.ris/-/rum/- → -/_rissum/ || lexicalized+DAT-DET
[dafríra-rírahiŕis]-rum → [dafríra-rírahiŕisum]
|-
| -/rin/-/rum/ → -/rinnum/ || -ADJZ-DET
|-
|-
|}
|}
====Allophony====
Middle I·K has /g/ surfacing as:
1) [g̊] before consonants in word-medial morpheme boundaries*,
2) [ɣ] intervocalically and in codas in word-medial position,
3) [x~χ] at word-final coda**, and
4) [g] elsewhere (which is practically in onsets, word initial or elsewhere -when not intervocallic-).
<nowiki>*</nowiki> a fortition which also happens to /d/ and /b/ in the same environments
<nowiki>**</nowiki> a -/g/•/h/- word medial morpheme boundary will generally collapse to [χ]


==MORPHOLOGY==
==MORPHOLOGY==
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====Verb conjugation paradigms====
====Verb conjugation paradigms====


There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes ({{sc|i}}, {{sc|ii}}, {{sc|iii}}, {{sc|iv}} and {{sc|v}}).
There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes:
 
:{{sc|i}} ''-nur'',
 
:{{sc|ii}} ''-tur'',
 
::{{sc|ii}}<small>.a</small> ''-dur'',


While the table could be less redundant, it is meant to aid in the search for the correct suffix, thus presenting all forms already in the manner in which they should be applied.
:{{sc|iii}} ''-rur'',


The first vowels in the roots marked as "√´-" (i.e., "root+acute accent") undergo ''umlaut'' (e.g. ''kronur'' /ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.ind.act}} → ''krónur'' /ˈkɾu̹.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.subj.act}}).
:{{sc|iv}} ''-jur'',


====={{sc|i}}. ''-nur''=====
:{{sc|v}} ''-kur''.


:Mostly verbs of movement.
The following table displays a collapsed view of the morphemic structures involved, grouping identical elements together:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
{|
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
|
 
|
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
|}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
 
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
For detailed tables of each paradigm see [[I_Kronurum_verb_conjugation_paradigms|here]].
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
 
|-
====Verbal aspect markers====
! {{sc|active}}
 
! {{sc|passive}}
Almost all verbal aspect markers are prefixed to the root. Only the attenuative aspect marker {{sc|atten}} is infixed between the root and the declension suffix (in this cases, sandhi rules may apply to it).
! {{sc|active}}
 
! {{sc|passive}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-nura
| þar √-nura
| ë-nura
| þar √´-nura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| {{sc|aspect}}
| √-neþan
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|marker}}
| þar √-neþan
! colspan="2"| {{sc|theme}}
| √´-neþan
! rowspan="2"| Notes
| þar √´-neþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|consonant}}
! {{sc|anim}}
! {{sc|vowel}}
| √-naran
| þar √-naran
| ë-naran
| þar √´-naran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| Continuous
| √-nera
| {{sc|cont}}
| þar √-nera
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"| Ø- (unmarked)
| ë-nera
| ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur›, ''I’m speaking Ikronurum''
| þar √´-nera
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| Gnomic
| √-nturan
| {{sc|gnom}}
| þar √-nturan
| [conjugated verb] ini
| ë-nturan
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /ˈʔi.ni/
| þar √´-nturan
| (postposition) ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur ini›, ''I speak Ikronurum''
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| Perfect
| {{sc|perf}}
| style="text-align:center"| j(ó)-
| style="text-align:center"| /ju̹.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ˈjV/-
| Vowel theme: ‹j-›; consonant theme: ‹jó-› <!--Auxiliar particle:-->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| Imperfect
| √-nurtan
| {{sc|imp}}
| þar √-nurtan
| style="text-align:center"| ke-
| ë-nurtan
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈ/-
| þar √´-nurtan
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈʔ/-
| Vowel theme: there’s a glottal stop before the root-vowel.
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| Intensive1
| √-néþan
| {{sc|int1}}
| þar √-néþan
| style="text-align:center"| ja(g)-
| √´-néþan
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /jɑˈɣ/-
| þar √´-néþan
| Movement: to.walk → to.parade
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| Intensive2
! {{sc|anim}}
| {{sc|int2}}
| √-náran
| style="text-align:center"| a(l)-
| þar √-náran
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈ/
| √´-náran
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈlV/
| þar √´-náran
| Abstract: to.wish → to.hope
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| Attenuative
| √-néren
| {{sc|atten}}
| þar √-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -(e)t-
| √´-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -/ɘt/-
| þar √´-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -/t/-
| (infix) to.water → to.sprinkle(with water)
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
|}
| √-nturan
 
| þar √-nturan
 
| ë-nturan
====Particles and affixes====
| þar √´-nturan
 
|-
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
|-
| {{sc|pvm}} || Passive voice marker || þar || /ˈθɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-nur
| þar √-nur
| ë-nur
| þar √´-nur
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-neþ
| þar √-neþ
| √´-neþ
| þar √´-neþ
| √-neþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| {{sc|aux}} || Auxiliar particle || gar || /ˈgɑɾ/ || particle/preposition || "composite" verbs: „gesagt haben“, «gar ekronuri»
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-nara
| þar √-nara
| ë-nara
| þar √´-nara
| rowspan="3"| √-niri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|hort}} || Hortative particle || heŕan || /ˈhe̞.rɐn/ || particle/preposition || [HORT]+[pers.pron.+DAT]+[verb]
| √-nere
| þar √-nere
| ë-nere
| þar √´-nere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| {{sc|neg}} || Negation of an action || ren || /ˈre̞n/ || particle/preposition || (it won’t x, it doesn’t x)
| √-ntur
| þar √-ntur
| ë-ntur
| þar √´-ntur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| {{sc|caus}} || Causative || -a- || -/ɑ/- || affix || Derives a causative verb from a noun after the template [noun.root]-{{sc|caus}}-[verb.declension]
''nimr'' water; ''nimrajur'' to.make.moist,to.water (a plant,etc)
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
|}
| √-nurtu
 
| þar √-nurtu
===Numerals and quantifiers===
| ë-nurtu
 
| þar √´-nurtu
====Numerals====
| n/a
 
The I Kronurum numeral system is decimal (base ten).
 
The word “number”, ''ihámunna'' /ʔi.ˈhɑi̯.mu.nːɐ/, is the nominalized present participle form of the verb ''hamur'', “to count”.
 
=====Cardinals=====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
! Morphology || < > || // ||  
| √-néþu
| þar √-néþu
| √´-néþu
| þar √´-néþu
| √-néþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || harna || ˈhɑɾ.nɐ || no, none; 0, cero (from harnara, nothing)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-náru
| þar √-náru
| √´-náru
| þar √´-náru
| rowspan="3"| √-níri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || jog || ˈjo̞x || 01, one
| √-nére
| þar √-nére
| √´-nére
| þar √´-nére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || nor || ˈno̞ɾ || 02, two
| √-nturu
| þar √-nturu
| ë-nturu
| þar √´-nturu
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ana, an- || ˈʔɑ.nɐ || 03, three
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sur
| þar √-sur
| ë-sur
| þar √´-sur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || ittag, itt- || ˈʔi.tːɐx || 04, four
| √-set
| þar √-set
| ë-set
| þar √´-set
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || lur || ˈluɾ || 05, five
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sar
| þar √-sar
| ë-sar
| þar √´-sar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || fit || ˈfit || 06, six
| √-ser
| þar √-ser
| ë-ser
| þar √´-ser
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || éþi, éþ- || ˈʔei̯.θil || 07, seven
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || heltr, helt- || ˈhe̞l.tɾ̩ || 08, eight
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #676767;"| || usto, ust- || ˈʔus.to̞ || 09, nine
| √-su
| þar √-su
| ë-su
| þar √´-su
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || hór || ˈhu̜ɾ || 10, ten
| √-sétur
| þar √-sétur
| √´-sétur
| þar √´-sétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jog || hórjog || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞x || 11, eleven
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sárur
| þar √-sárur
| √´-sárur
| þar √´-sárur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-nor || hórnor || ˈhu̜ɾ.no̞ɾ || 12, twelve
| √-séru
| þar √-séru
| √´-séru
| þar √´-séru
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-ana || hórana || ˈhu̜.ɾa.nɐ || 13, thirteen
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-ittag || hórittag || ˈhu̜.ɾi.tːɐx || 14, fourteen
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-lur || hólur || ˈhu̜ɾ.luɾ || 15, fifteen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-nni
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-fit || hórfit || ˈhu̜ɾ.fit || 16, sixteen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-nuri
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-éþil || hóréþil || ˈhu̜ɾ.ei̯.θil || 17, seventeen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-nna
|-
|-
|}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-heltr || hórjoltr || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞l.tɾ̩ || 18, eighteen
 
====={{sc|ii}}. ''-tur''=====
 
:Mostly stative verbs.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-usto || hórjosto || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s.to̞ || 19, nineteen
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-nor-r || jor || ˈjo̞ɾ || 20, twenty
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jor || jogór-jor || ˈjo̞.gu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 21, twenty-one (one-and-twenty)
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| nor-ór-jor || norór-jor || ˈno̞.ɾu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 22, twenty-two (two-and-twenty)
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-tura
| þar √-tura
| ë-tura
| þar √´-tura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| an-ór-jor || anór-jor || ˈʔɑ.nu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 23, twenty-three (three-and-twenty)
| √-teþan
| þar √-teþan
| √´-teþan
| þar √´-teþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| itt-ór-jor || ittór-jor || ˈʔi.tːu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 24, twenty-four (four-and-twenty)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-taran
| þar √-taran
| ë-taran
| þar √´-taran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| lur-ór-jor || lurór-jor || ˈlu.ɾu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 25, twenty-five (five-and-twenty)
| √-tera
| þar √-tera
| ë-tera
| þar √´-tera
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| fit-ór-jor || fitór-jor || ˈfi.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 26, twenty-six (six-and-twenty)
| √-turan
| þar √-turan
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| éþ-ór-jor || éþór-jor || ˈʔei̯.θu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 27, twenty-seven (seven-and-twenty)
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| helt-ór-jor || heltór-jor || ˈhe̞l.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 28, twenty-eight (eight-and-twenty)
| √-turtan
| þar √-turtan
| ë-turtan
| þar √´-turtan
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| ust-ór-jor || ustór-jor || ˈʔus.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 29, twenty-nine (nine-and-twenty)
| √-téþan
| þar √-téþan
| √´-téþan
| þar √´-téþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ana-r || jonr || ˈjo̞.nɾ̩ || 30, thirty
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-táran
| þar √-táran
| √´-táran
| þar √´-táran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jonr || jogór-jonr || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.nɾ̩ || 31, thirty-one (one-and-thirty)
| √-téren
| þar √-téren
| √´-téren
| þar √´-téren
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ittag-r || jottar || ˈjo̞.tːɐɾ || 40, forty
| √-ðuran
| þar √-ðuran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jottar || jogór-jottar || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.tːɐɾ || 41, forty-one (one-and-fourty)
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-tur
| þar √-tur
| ë-tur
| þar √´-tur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-lur-r || jolur || ˈjo̞.luɾ || 50, fifty
| √-teþ
| þar √-teþ
| √´-teþ
| þar √´-teþ
| √-teþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolur || jogór-jolur || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.luɾ || 51, fifty-one (one-and-fifty)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-tara
| þar √-tara
| ë-tara
| þar √´-tara
| rowspan="3"| √-tiri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-fit-r || jofir || ˈjo̞.fiɾ || 60, sixty
| √-tere
| þar √-tere
| ë-tere
| þar √´-tere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jofir || jogór-jofir || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.fiɾ || 61, sixty-one (one-and-sixty)
| √-ttur
| þar √-ttur
| √´-ður
| þar √´-ttur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-éþi-r || joþr || ˈjo̞.θɾ̩ || 70, seventy
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joþr || jogór-joþr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.θɾ̩ || 71, seventy-one (one-and-seventy)
| √-turtu
| þar √-turtu
| ë-turtu
| þar √´-turtu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-helt-r || joltr || ˈjo̞l.tɾ̩ || 80, eighty
| √-téþu
| þar √-téþu
| √´-téþu
| þar √´-téþu
| √-téþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joltr || jogór-joltr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞l.tɾ̩ || 81, eighty-one (one-and-eighty)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-táru
| þar √-táru
| √´-táru
| þar √´-táru
| rowspan="3"| √-tíri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ust-r || jostr || ˈjo̞s.tɾ̩ || 90, ninety
| √-tére
| þar √-tére
| √´-tére
| þar √´-tére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jostr || jogór-jostr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞s.tɾ̩ || 91, ninety-one (one-and-ninety)
| √-turu
| þar √-ðuru
| √´-ðuru
| þar √´-ðuru
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
|}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
 
|-  
=====Ordinals=====
! colspan="2"| 1
 
| √-þur
The ordinal form of a number is formed with the ordinal suffix ''-(j)os'' (derived from the superlative affix ''-jós''), with the form ''-os'' after plosives and fricatives and ''-jos'' after nasals and rhotics.
| þar √-þur
 
| √´-þur
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| þar √´-þur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
! Morphology || < > || // ||  
| √-þet
| þar √-þet
| √´-þet
| þar √´-þet
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || harna || ˈhɑɾ.nɐ || no, none; 0, cero (from harnara, nothing)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þar
| þar √-þa
| √´-þar
| þar √´-þar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || jogos || ˈjo̞.go̞s || 01, first
| √-þer
| þar √-þer
| √´-þer
| þar √´-þer
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || norjos || ˈno̞ɾ.jo̞s || 02, second
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || anjos || ˈʔɑ.ɲo̞s || 03, third
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #676767;"| || ittos || ˈʔi.tːo̞s || 04, fourth
| √-þu
| þar √-þu
| √´-þu
| þar √´-þu
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || lurjos || ˈluɾ.jo̞s || 05, fifth
| √-þétur
| þar √-þétur
| √´-þétur
| þar √´-þétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || fitos || ˈfi.to̞s || 06, sixth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þárur
| þar √-þárur
| √´-þárur
| þar √´-þárur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || éþos || ˈʔei̯.θo̞s || 07, seventh
| √-þéru
| þar √-þéru
| √´-þéru
| þar √´-þéru
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || heltos || ˈhe̞l.to̞s || 08, eighth
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ustos || ˈʔus.to̞s || 09, ninth
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || hórjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s || 10, tenth
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-tti
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jog-(j)os || hórjogos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞.go̞s || 11, eleventh
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-turi
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-nor-(j)os || hórnorjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.no̞ɾ.jo̞s || 12, twelveth
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-tta
|-
|-
|}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-an-(j)os || hóranjos || ˈhu̜.ɾa.ɲo̞s || 13, thirteenth
 
====={{sc|ii}}a. ''-dur''=====
 
:Attenuated verbs of the first class (''-t·nur'' → ''-dur'') are conjugated by analogy after the conjugation of the second class (''-tur'').
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-itt-(j)os || hórittos || ˈhu̜.ɾi.tːo̞s || 14, fourteenth
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-lur-(j)os || hólurjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.luɾ.jo̞s || 15, fifteenth
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-fit-(j)os || hórfitos || ˈhu̜ɾ.fi.to̞s || 16, sixteenth
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-éþ-(j)os || hóréþos || ˈhu̜ɾ.ei̯.θo̞s || 17, seventeenth
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-dura
| þar √-dura
| ë-dura
| þar √´-dura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jolt-(j)os || hórjoltos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞l.to̞s || 18, eighteenth
| √-deþan
| þar √-deþan
| √´-deþan
| þar √´-deþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jost-(j)os || hórjostos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s.to̞s || 19, nineteenth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-daran
| þar √-daran
| ë-daran
| þar √´-daran
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-dera
| þar √-dera
| ë-dera
| þar √´-dera
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-duran
| þar √-dduran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-durtan
| þar √-durtan
| ë-durtan
| þar √´-durtan
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-déþan
| þar √-déþan
| √´-déþan
| þar √´-déþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dáran
| þar √-dáran
| √´-dáran
| þar √´-dáran
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-déren
| þar √-déren
| √´-déren
| þar √´-déren
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-ðuran
| þar √-ðuran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-dur
| þar √-dur
| ë-dur
| þar √´-dur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jor-(j)os || jorjos || ˈjo̞ɾ.jo̞s || 20, twentieth
| √-deþ
| þar √-deþ
| √´-deþ
| þar √´-deþ
| √-deþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jor-(j)os || jogór-jorjos || ˈjo.gu̹.ɾio̯s || 21, twenty-first
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dara
| þar √-dara
| ë-dara
| þar √´-dara
| rowspan="3"| √-diri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| nor-ór-jor-(j)os || norór-jorjos || ˈno̞.ɾu̹.ɾio̯s || 22, twenty-second
| √-dere
| þar √-dere
| ë-dere
| þar √´-dere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| an-ór-jor-(j)os || anór-jorjos || ˈʔɑ.nu̹.ɾio̯s || 23, twenty-third
| √-ddur
| þar √-ddur
| √´-ður
| þar √´-ddur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| itt-ór-jor-(j)os || ittór-jorjos || ˈʔi.tːu̹.ɾio̯s || 24, twenty-fourth
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| lur-ór-jor-(j)os || lurór-jorjos || ˈlu.ɾu̹.ɾio̯s || 25, twenty-fifth
| √-durtu
| þar √-durtu
| ë-durtu
| þar √´-durtu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| fit-ór-jor-(j)os || fitór-jorjos || ˈfi.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 26, twenty-sixth
| √-déþu
| þar √-déþu
| √´-déþu
| þar √´-déþu
| √-déþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| éþ-ór-jor-(j)os || éþór-jorjos || ˈʔei̯.θu̹.ɾio̯s || 27, twenty-seventh
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dáru
| þar √-dáru
| √´-dáru
| þar √´-dáru
| rowspan="3"| √-díri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| helt-ór-jor-(j)os || heltór-jorjos || ˈhe̞l.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 28, twenty-eighth
| √-dére
| þar √-dére
| √´-dére
| þar √´-dére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| ust-ór-jor-(j)os || ustór-jorjos || ˈʔus.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 29, twenty-ninth
| √-duru
| þar √-ðuru
| √´-ðuru
| þar √´-ðuru
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jonar-(j)os || jonarjos || ˈjo̞.na.ɾio̯s || 30, thirtieth
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jonar-(j)os || jogór-jonarjos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.na.ɾio̯s || 31, thirty-first
| √-þet
| þar √-þet
| √´-þet
| þar √´-þet
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jottag-(j)os || jottagos || ˈjo̞.tːa.go̯s || 40, fortieth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þar
| þar √-þa
| √´-þar
| þar √´-þar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jottag-(j)os || jogór-jottagos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.tːa.go̯s || 41, forty-first
| √-þer
| þar √-þer
| √´-þer
| þar √´-þer
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jolur-(j)os || jolurjos || ˈjo̞.lu.ɾio̯s || 50, fiftieth
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolur-(j)os || jogór-jolurjos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.lu.ɾio̯s || 51, fifty-first
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jofit-(j)os || jofitos || ˈjo̞.fi.to̯s || 60, sixtieth
| √-þu
| þar √-þu
| √´-þu
| þar √´-þu
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jofit-(j)os || jogór-jofitos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.fi.to̯s || 61, sixty-first
| √-þétur
| þar √-þétur
| √´-þétur
| þar √´-þétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| joþ-(j)os || joþos || ˈjo̞.θo̯s || 70, seventieth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þárur
| þar √-þárur
| √´-þárur
| þar √´-þárur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joþ-(j)os || jogór-joþos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.θo̯s || 71, seventy-first
| √-þéru
| þar √-þéru
| √´-þéru
| þar √´-þéru
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jolt-(j)os || joltos || ˈjo̞l.to̯s || 80, eightieth
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolt-(j)os || jogór-joltos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞l.to̯s || 81, eighty-first
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jost-(j)os || jostos || ˈjo̞s.to̞s || 90, ninetieth
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-ddi
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jost-(j)os || jogór-jostos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞s.to̞s || 91, ninety-first
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-duri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-dda
|-
|-
|}
|}


====={{sc|iii}}. ''-rur''=====
=====Multiples=====


:[...]
· '''n-times''' → '''numeral+ADV'''


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
“in the manner of something which is n-times”. E.g. ''jog'', one - ''joguŕó'', simple (“in the manner of something which is one time”); ''nor'', two - ''noruŕó'', double; ''anaŕó'', triple; ''ittaguŕó'', quadruple;
 
· '''n-times''' → '''NLZ+numeral+ADV'''
 
“in the manner of something which is n-times”. E.g. ''jog'', one - ''ijoguŕó'', once(“in the manner of something which is one time”); ''nor'', two - ''inoruŕó'', twice; ''janaŕó'', thrice; ''jittaguŕó'', four times; etc.
 
====Quantifiers====
 
===Marking hierarchy===
 
====Nouns====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
! -1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| case governing particle: {{sc|gen}}, {{sc|acc}} || √{{sc|noun}} || {{sc|det}} || {{sc|pl}}, {{sc|dim}}, {{sc|augm}} || {{sc|and}} || grammatical case ({{sc|nom}}, {{sc|gen}}, {{sc|acc}}, {{sc|dat}}, {{sc|inst}}, {{sc|loc}}, {{sc|all}}), {{sc|advm}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
|}
! {{sc|passive}}
 
! {{sc|active}}
====Verbs====
! {{sc|passive}}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! -2 || -1 || 0 || colspan=2 | 1 || 2
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-runa
| þar √-runa
| ë-runa
| þar √´-runa
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| passive voice marker particle || aspect marker affix: intensive(1,2); imperfect, perfect || √{{sc|root}} || aspect marker affix: attenuative || conjugation affix for person, number, and mood || aspect marker particle
| √-reþan
| þar √-reþan
| √´-reþan
| þar √´-reþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
|}
! {{sc|anim}}
 
| √-ranan
===Derivational morphology===
| þar √-ranan
'''· Nominalizer ({{sc|nmlz}})'''
| ë-ranan
 
| þar √´-ranan
''Derivation of nouns from verbs (deverbal nouns):''
|-
 
! {{sc|inan}}
: {{sc|nmlz}}-[verb in the infinitive]
| √-rena
 
| þar √-rena
''Derivation of nouns from adjectives and past-participles:''
| ë-rena
 
| þar √´-rena
: {{sc|nmlz}}-[adjective/{{sc|ppl}}]
|-
 
! {{sc|ind}}
: dag, ''big''; i-dag, ''bigness''.
| √-rtunan
 
| þar √-rtunan
''Nominalization of past participles''
| ë-rtunan
When a past participle is nominalized to mean “one or any instance of this deverbal form”, a contraction of the participial suffix happens as follows:
| þar √´-rtunan
 
|-
: [-nuri → -ni], [-turi → -ti], [-ruri → -ri], [-juri → -ji].
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
 
|-
''Deverbal adjectives''
! colspan="2"| 1
 
| √-runtan
: verb.{{sc|inf}}+{{sc|adjz}}
| þar √-runtan
 
| ë-runtan
''Denominal adjectives''
| þar √´-runtan
 
|-
: - {{sc|adjz}} ''-rin''
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-réþan
| þar √-réþan
| √´-réþan
| þar √´-réþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-ránan
| þar √-ránan
| √´-ránan
| þar √´-ránan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-rénen
| þar √-rénen
| √´-rénen
| þar √´-rénen
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rtunan
| þar √-rtunan
| ë-rtunan
| þar √´-rtunan
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-rur
| þar √-rur
| ë-rur
| þar √´-rur
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-reþ
| þar √-reþ
| √´-reþ
| þar √´-reþ
| √-reþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-rana
| þar √-rana
| ë-rana
| þar √´-rana
| rowspan="3"| √-rini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-rene
| þar √-rene
| ë-rene
| þar √´-rene
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rtur
| þar √-rtur
| ë-rtur
| þar √´-rtur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-runtu
| þar √-runtu
| ë-runtu
| þar √´-runtu
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-réþu
| þar √-réþu
| √´-réþu
| þar √´-réþu
| √-réþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-ránu
| þar √-ránu
| √´-ránu
| þar √´-ránu
| rowspan="3"| √-ríni
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-réne
| þar √-réne
| √´-réne
| þar √´-réne
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rturu
| þar √-rturu
| ë-rturu
| þar √´-rturu
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sur
| þar √-sur
| ë-sur
| þar √´-sur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-set
| þar √-set
| ë-set
| þar √´-set
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sar
| þar √-sar
| ë-sar
| þar √´-sar
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-ser
| þar √-ser
| ë-ser
| þar √´-ser
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-su
| þar √-su
| ë-su
| þar √´-su
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-sétur
| þar √-sétur
| √´-sétur
| þar √´-sétur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sánur
| þar √-sánur
| √´-sánur
| þar √´-sánur
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-sénu
| þar √-sénu
| √´-sénu
| þar √´-sénu
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þuntu
| þar √-þuntu
| √´-þuntu
| þar √´-þuntu
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-ŕí
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-ruri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ŕa
|-
|}


====={{sc|iv}}. ''-jur''=====
: - “with” (''det-'')


:Mostly verbs of some abstraction (e.g. derived causative verbs).
: - “without” (''har-'')
 
: - verb:
:''nontur'' “to.take.with/along, to.bring.with/along; to.carry” → “to.have [noun+ACC]” → “to be [adj]”, e.g.
:: “to.have strength-{{sc|acc}}” → “to be strong”
 
:: “to.have sweetness-{{sc|acc}}” → “to be sweet”


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
 
====Derivational particles and affixes====
 
<br>
'''· Grammatical'''
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
| {{sc|nmlz}} || Nominalizer || i || /ˈʔi/ || preposition || Mostly paired with the determiner suffix ‹-rum›
''kronur'' “I speak” {{sc|1s.pres.ind}}
 
''i kronurum'', {{lcbr}}i kro-nur-rum{{rcbr}}
 
[NMLZ to.speak-{{sc|1s.pres.ind-det}}]
 
= "''was ich spreche''", “''that what I’m speaking''”; speech, language.
 
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| {{sc|det}} || Determiner || -rum || -/ɾum/ || suffix || "the x" (instead of "a x")
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
| {{sc|and}} || Coordinator || -ór || -/u̹ɾ/ || preposition || "and"
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
| {{sc|advm}} || Adverbializer || -(u)ŕó || -/u.ˈru̹/ || suffix || "x-ly", "in the maner of x"
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
turns nouns into adverbs of manner
|-  
turns verbs of motion in adverbs of manner
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-juna
| þar √-juna
| ë-juna
| þar √´-juna
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|adj}} || Adjetivizer || -rin || -/ɾin/ || suffix || Forms adjectives of quality. ''sigr'' "ash", ''agor-ó-śigrelin'' "ash-coloured"
| √-jeþan
| þar √-jeþan
| √´-jeþan
| þar √´-jeþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
<!-- | {{sc|?}} || ? || -(u)rur || -/u.ɾuɾ/ || suffix || ? -->
! {{sc|anim}}
|}
| √-janan
 
| þar √-janan
'''· Lexical and partially grammaticalized lexical forms'''
| ë-janan
 
| þar √´-janan
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|pers}} || Associated person || -rir || -/ɾiɾ/ || suffix || Forms actor nouns from verbs and nouns; from ''ríra'', “person”
| √-jena
''hlajur'' v. to.make, ''hlajrir'' n. maker.
| þar √-jena
 
| ë-jena
''assa'' n. forge, ''assarir'' n. smith.
| þar √´-jena
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| {{sc|tool}} || Associated artifact, tool || -(e)nar || -/ɘnɐɾ/ || suffix || From ''nara'', “thing, artifact, contraption”
| √-jtunan
iltur “to.rest” > ilturenar “chair”
| þar √-jtunan
| ë-jtunan
| þar √´-jtunan
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| {{sc|place}} || Associated place || -fér || -/fei̯ɾ/ || suffix || From ''féra'', “place”.
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| {{sc|col}} || Colective noun || -hir || -/hiɾ/ || suffix || From ''hitr'', “pack, herd”
| √-juntan
sigra “drop” > sigrahir “rain”
| þar √-juntan
| ë-juntan
| þar √´-juntan
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
|}
| √-jéþan
 
| þar √-jéþan
===Discourse particles===
| √´-jéþan
<br>
| þar √´-jéþan
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! colspan=5 style="text-align:left" | List of discourse particles
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jánan
| þar √-jánan
| √´-jánan
| þar √´-jánan
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
! style="text-align:left" | Type !! <> !! [] !! style="text-align:left" | Translation !! style="text-align:left" | Notes
| √-jénen
| þar √-jénen
| √´-jénen
| þar √´-jénen
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| adjective || det || ˈde̞t || with || ''with x, x-ful, having x'' (n.); ''very x'' (adj.)
| √-jtunan
| þar √-jtunan
| ë-jtunan
| þar √´-jtunan
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
| adjective || har || ˈhɑɾ || without || ''without; no x, not x, un-x, x-less''
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-jur
| þar √-jur
| ë-jur
| þar √´-jur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| adverbial || feŕ || ˈfe̞r|| thus ||  
| √-jeþ
| þar √-jeþ
| √´-jeþ
| þar √´-jeþ
| √-jeþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| adverbial || pórhaŕa || ˈpʰu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ || whenever || “each-while”
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jana
| þar √-jana
| ë-jana
| þar √´-jana
| rowspan="3"| √-jini
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| adverbial || ídihaŕa || ˈʔei̯.di.ha.rɐ || always || “all-while”
| √-jene
| þar √-jene
| ë-jene
| þar √´-jene
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| adverbial || sig || ˈsix || until ||  
| √-jtur
| þar √-jtur
| ë-jtur
| þar √´-jtur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| adverbial || haŕa || ˈhɑ.rɐ || while || When used figuratively: “''while x, y''” - Order: “''while X, Y then[=won] Z''”
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| adverbial || won || ˈwo̞n || then ||  
| √-juntu
| þar √-juntu
| ë-juntu
| þar √´-juntu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| connective || ána || ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ || so, therefore ||  
| √-jéþu
| þar √-jéþu
| √´-jéþu
| þar √´-jéþu
| √-jéþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| connective || -ór || -u̹ɾ || and || suffix, word connector
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jánu
| þar √-jánu
| √´-jánu
| þar √´-jánu
| rowspan="3"| √-jini
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| connective || || || or || word or sentence disjunctor
| √-jéne
| þar √-jéne
| √´-jéne
| þar √´-jéne
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| connective || om || ˈʔo̞m || and/or ||  
| √-jturu
| þar √-jturu
| ë-jturu
| þar √´-jturu
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| connective || harhaŕa || ˈhɑɾ.ha.rɐ || but || “not-while”
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sjur
| þar √-sjur
| ë-sjur
| þar √´-sjur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| connective || man || ˈmɑn || so || Ger. ''also''; “and” as coordinator of propostitions
| √-sjet
| þar √-sjet
| ë-sjet
| þar √´-sjet
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| connective || hurman || huɾ.ˈmɑn || “''and so, indeed, ...''” ||  
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sjar
| þar √-sjar
| ë-sjar
| þar √´-sjar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| connective || as || ˈʔɑs || because (of) || +{{sc|gen}}
| √-sjer
| þar √-sjer
| ë-sjer
| þar √´-sjer
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| connective || nwo || ˈnʷo̞ || that || (''hen-won'', "this-then") Ger. ''dass'' - Used with “I experience (see, hear, etc) that ...”
| √-śur
| þar √-śur
| √´-śur
| þar √´-śur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| connective || losihiraftó || ˈlo̞.si.hi.ɾaf.ˈtu̹ || “''as for the rest, ...''” || From ''losihirum-aftó'', the.rest-{{sc|loc}} (''losihir’aftó'', the {{sc|det}} ''-rum'' is dropped)
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| connective<nowiki>/</nowiki> <br> adverbial || losiŕó || lo̞.si.ˈru̹ || otherwise || {{sc|adv.m}} “other-ly, in the manner of the.other”, introduces an option
| √-sju
| þar √-sju
| ë-sju
| þar √´-sju
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| hortative || heŕan || ˈhe̞.rɐn || “''let’s ...''” || preposition; [{{sc|hort}}]+[pers.pron.+{{sc|dat}}]+[verb]
| √-sjétur
| þar √-sjétur
| √´-sjétur
| þar √´-sjétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| intensifier || hur || ˈhuɾ || indeed || intensifier
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sjánur
| þar √-sjánur
| √´-sjánur
| þar √´-sjánur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| negation || || || no || of a proposition, of a sentence
| √-sjénu
|-
| þar √-sjénu
| negation || ren || ˈre̞n || not || negation of an action (''it won’t x, it doesn’t x'', etc)
| √´-sjénu
|-
| þar √´-sjénu
| subord || nun || ˈnun || which, RLTZ2 || introduces non-restrictive bound finite relative clauses
|-
| subord || fror || ˈfɾo̞ɾ || which, RLTZ1 || introduces restrictive bound finite relative clauses
|-
| || pórja || ˈpʰu̜.ɾjɐ || whatever || “each-any”
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| || og || ˈʔo̞x || hence ||
| √-śunt
<!--
| þar √-śuntu
| √´-śuntu
| þar √´-śuntu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| || nog || ˈno̞x || thence || (''hen-og'', "from-hence")
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| || || || whence || (''_'', "from-where")
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-jti
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| || || || either || “''either A, or B''” (or → )
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-juri
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| || || || too ||
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ja
-->
|-
|-
|}
|}


====={{sc|v}}. ''-kur''=====
===Deictics===
====Spatial deixis====
====Temporal deixis====
 


:[...]
===Proper nouns===


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
 
|-
Proper nouns can have forms which are inconsistent with the current vocabulary. Some of this oddities come from older compounding strategies and words, or are the result of loan translations into Ikronurum.
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
For example, the name Faradur, meaning “horse-son”, is not the word for foal, DURÓPARAN, which is a horse’s son. Likewise the surname Artassarir, meaning “swordsmith, swordmaker”, is not the word for swordsmith, ASSARIRÓARTEN, which is the proper name of the occupation.
|-
 
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
====Anthroponyms====
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
 
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
 
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
An Ikronurum name consists minimally of a first name and a surname.
|-
First names
! {{sc|active}}
Surnames are typically either occupational (e.g. “swordmaker”), genitive (e.g. “of Greenwall”) or patronymic (e.g. Dur-Kríhrafr), amongst which the oldest can be found.
! {{sc|passive}}
Each spouse may carry the surname of the other after their own, prefixed with Det-, “with”, while a widow/er may use Har-, “without”.
! {{sc|active}}
 
! {{sc|passive}}
For example:
|-
 
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
{| class=""wikitable
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kuna
| þar √-kuna
| ë-kuna
| þar √´-kuna
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-keþan
| þar √-keþan
| √´-keþan
| þar √´-keþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-kanan
| þar √-kanan
| ë-kanan
| þar √´-kanan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-kena
| þar √-kena
| ë-kena
| þar √´-kena
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| ''Faradur Ór-Altahjol'' || → || /ˈfɑ.ɾɐ.duɾ || ʔu̹ɾ.ˈʔɑl.tɐ.hjo̞l/ || || "Horse-son || of Greenwall"
| √-kkunan
| þar √-kkunan
| ë-kkunan
| þar √´-kkunan
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| ''Énor''* ''Artassarir'' || → || /ˈʔei̯.no̞ɾ || ˈʔɑɾ.ta.sːɐ.ɾiɾ/ || || "Bear(paw) || Swordmaker"
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| ''Héurbrok Dur-Kríhrafr'' || → || /ˈhei̯.uɾ.bɾo̞k || duɾ.ˈkɾei̯.ˌhɾɐ.fɾ̩/ || || "Riverstone || son of Eaglewing"
| √-kuntan
| þar √-kuntan
| ë-kuntan
| þar √´-kuntan
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| *<small>(Énor < Énorag)</small>
| √-kéþan
| þar √-kéþan
| √´-kéþan
| þar √´-kéþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| colspan=7| A name with first name, surname and spouse’s surname:
! {{sc|anim}}
[Énor Ór-Altahjol Har-Artassarir]
| √-kánan
“Bearpaw of Greenwall, widower of Swordwright”
| þar √-kánan
| √´-kánan
| þar √´-kánan
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
|}
| √-kénen
 
| þar √-kénen
Older genitive names, like some older genitive compounds, dont suffix the word with -(e)n; for example, the surname “Ór-Altahjol” would become the Middle IK rendering **Ór-Altahjolen, but in this stage of the language a similar form would only be used to indicate actual procedence, regardless of the procedence which birthed the surname in the first place. One could have a “Faradur Ó-pBrankóg, ór Artahjolen”, being “Horse-son of Longmoor, of[=from] Artahjol”.
| √´-kénen
 
| þar √´-kénen
Nicknames derived from first names follow different regional traditions. While in the southern marks names are typically clipped (e.g.  Faradur → Far, Fare, Faru), in the northern marks names tend to be modified by merging of the first and last syllables (e.g.  Faradur → Fadu). Islanders generally prefer clippings marked as diminutives (Faradur → Fárejar).
Nicknames not derived from first-names but from the individual’s character include a rather wide array of motifs and themes, such as nature (animals, landscape features), auspicious or desirable characteristics (habilities, expertises) and objects associated with such characteristics (“sword” for the cunning, “boat” for the swift, “beam” for the strong), amongst others.
 
====Toponyms====
 
 
There is a variety of toponymical forms for the names of topological and anthropogenic landmarks, which are used exclusively in the formation of ''toponymical proper nouns''. Though derived from the common nouns, some of the toponymical forms can vary notably.
 
Groups: A) anthropogenic structures; B) abrupt terrain; C) waterfront; D) plain terrain; E) vegetation and other terrain; F) waterways.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
! Group || colspan=4| Toponymical form
| √-kkuna
| þar √-kkuna
| ë-kkuna
| þar √´-kkuna
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan=4|{{sc|a}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kur
| þar √-kur
| ë-kur
| þar √´-kur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|hamlet}}
| √-keþ
| -þåjn
| þar √-keþ
| -/θɑi̯n/
| √´-keþ
| ''top.'' “-ham”, from ''þánerum'', hamlet
| þar √´-keþ
| √-keþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| {{sc|town}}
! {{sc|anim}}
| -þåjl
| √-kana
| -/θɑi̯l/
| þar √-kana
| ''top.'' “-ton”, from ''-þåjnl'', in turn from ''þánelår'', town
| ë-kana
| þar √´-kana
| rowspan="3"| √-kini
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|path}}
| √-kene
| -års
| þar √-kene
| -/ɑɾs/
| ë-kene
| ''top.'' from ''arso'', path, way; street, road
| þar √´-kene
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
! rowspan=6|{{sc|b}}
| √-kkur
| þar √-kkur
| ë-kkur
| þar √´-kkur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| {{sc|hill}}
| -neþ || -/nɘθ/
| ''top.'' from ''neþo'', hill
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| {{sc|valley}}
| √-kuntu
| -låjn
| þar √-kuntu
| -/lɑi̯.n/
| ë-kuntu
| ''top.'' from ''lánr'', valley
| þar √´-kuntu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|cove}}
| √-kéþu
| -lor || -/lo̞ɾ/
| þar √-kéþu
| ''top.'' from ''lora'', cavity; nook, cranny; cove, bay
| √´-kéþu
| þar √´-kéþu
| √-kéþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| {{sc|chasm}}
! {{sc|anim}}
| -luþ
| √-kánu
| -/luθ/
| þar √-kánu
| ''top.'' from ''luþlor'', “deep cavity”, pit, chasm; well
| √´-kánu
| þar √´-kánu
| rowspan="3"| √-kini
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|cliff}}
| √-kéne
| -hråjl
| þar √-kéne
| -/hɾɑi̯l/
| √´-kéne
| ''top.'' from ''hrál'', cliff; out-jutting rock, Sp. ''farallón''
| þar √´-kéne
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
! rowspan=6|{{sc|c}}
| √-kkuru
| þar √-kkuru
| ë-kkuru
| þar √´-kkuru
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| {{sc|sea}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
| -jår
|-  
| -/jɑɾ/
! colspan="2"| 1
| ''top.'' from ''jarl'', sea
| √-skur
| þar √-skur
| ë-skur
| þar √´-skur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|bay}}
| √-sket
| -fjór
| þar √-sket
| -/fju̜ɾ/
| ë-sket
| ''top.'' from ''fjór'', pond, shallow lake; shallow bay
| þar √´-sket
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| {{sc|port}}
! {{sc|anim}}
| -fjórd
| √-skar
| -/fju̜ɾd̥/
| þar √-skar
| ''top.'' port, haven (< fjórþ, fjór-þåjn, fjór-þánerum)
| ë-skar
| þar √´-skar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|beach}}
| √-sker
| -håjf
| þar √-sker
| -/hɑi̯f/
| ë-sker
| ''top.'' from ''háfr'', beach, shoreline
| þar √´-sker
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| {{sc|shore}}
| √-hur
| -jók
| þar √-hur
| -/ju̜k/
| ë-hur
| ''top.'' from ''jóke'', border, Ger. ''Rand''; side, coast
| þar √´-hur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
! rowspan=3|{{sc|d}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| {{sc|land}}
| √-sku
| -får(k)
| þar √-sku
| -/fɑɾk/
| ë-sku
| ''top.'' region, region-name; from ''farka'', earth
| þar √´-sku
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|field}}
| √-skétur
| -lól
| þar √-skétur
| -/lu̹l/
| √´-skétur
| ''top.'' from ''lótli'', field
| þar √´-skétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! rowspan=4|{{sc|e}}
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-skánur
| þar √-skánur
| √´-skánur
| þar √´-skánur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|forest}}
| √-skénu
| -bågh
| þar √-skénu
| -/bɑx/
| √´-skénu
| ''top.'' from ''baghir'', forest
| þar √´-skénu
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| {{sc|grove}}
| √-hunt
| -båjg
| þar √-huntu
| -/bɑi̯x/
| ë-huntu
| ''top.'' from ''bághirli'', grove
| þar √´-huntu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| {{sc|swamp}}
| -kóg
| -/kʰu̹x/
| ''top.'' from ''kóg'', bog, moor, swamp
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
! rowspan=2|{{sc|f}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-kki
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| {{sc|creek}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-kuri
| -hel
|-
| -/he̞l/
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| ''top.'' from ''héur'', creek, river
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ka
|-
|-
|}
|}


====Verbal aspect markers====
====Demonyms====


Almost all verbal aspect markers are prefixed to the root. Only the attenuative aspect marker {{sc|atten}} is infixed between the root and the declension suffix (in this cases, sandhi rules may apply to it).
==Syntax==
 
Word order per sentence type


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
! colspan="3"|Sentence type !! Constituent order !! Constituent marking
|-
| rowspan="4"|Declarative sentences || rowspan="3"|Active sentences || Intransitive verbs || SV || {{sc|nom-v}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| {{sc|aspect}}
| Monotransitive verbs || OSV || {{sc|acc-nom-v}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|marker}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|theme}}
! rowspan="2"| Notes
|-
|-
! {{sc|consonant}}
| Ditransitive verbs || OTSV || {{sc|acc-dat-nom-v}}
! {{sc|vowel}}
|-
|-
| Continuous
| colspan="2"|Passive sentences || SOV || {{sc|nom-acc-pvm-v}}
| {{sc|cont}}
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"| Ø- (unmarked)
| ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur›, ''I’m speaking Ikronurum''
|-
|-
| Gnomic
| rowspan="4" colspan="3"|Interrogative sentences (focus fronting) || OQSV || {{sc|acc-q-nom-v}}
| {{sc|gnom}}
| [conjugated verb] ini
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /ˈʔi.ni/
| (postposition) ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur ini›, ''I speak Ikronurum''
|-
|-
| Perfect
| SQOV || {{sc|nom-q-acc-v}}
| {{sc|perf}}
| style="text-align:center"| j(ó)-
| style="text-align:center"| /ju̹.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ˈjV/-
| Vowel theme: ‹j-›; consonant theme: ‹jó-› <!--Auxiliar particle:-->
|-
|-
| Imperfect
| TQOSV || {{sc|dat-q-acc-nom-v}}
| {{sc|imp}}
| style="text-align:center"| ke-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈʔ/-
| Vowel theme: there’s a glottal stop before the root-vowel.
|-
| Intensive1
| {{sc|int1}}
| style="text-align:center"| ja(g)-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /jɑˈɣ/-
| Movement: to.walk → to.parade
|-
| Intensive2
| {{sc|int2}}
| style="text-align:center"| a(l)-
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈ/
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈlV/
| Abstract: to.wish → to.hope
|-
|-
| Attenuative
| VQOS || {{sc|v-q-acc-nom}}
| {{sc|atten}}
| style="text-align:center"| -(e)t-
| style="text-align:center"| -/ɘt/-
| style="text-align:center"| -/t/-
| (infix) to.water → to.sprinkle(with water)
|-
|-
| colspan="3"|Imperative sentences || OVS || {{sc|acc-v-nom+det}}
|}
|}




====Particles and affixes====
Imperative sentences put the issuée of the command at the end of the sentence and marked as determinate (both common and proper nouns). This counts as a vocative marking of the argument, achieved through conjunct use of determiner marking ({{sc|det}} ''-rum-'') and a syntactical alteration of the neutral word order (OVS instead of OSV). Nevertheless, most of the time whenever a proper name is not involved the pronoun is dropped and the sentence consists of the conjugated verb and verbal derivational morphology only.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
==Lexicon==
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
<br/>
Citation forms:
 
'''·''' Nouns: nominative singular;
 
'''·''' Adjectives: nominative singular
 
'''·''' Verbs: first person singular present indicative active.
 
===Leipzig-Jakarta list===
 
Some terms which are listed as one entry in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Jakarta_list Leipzig-Jakarta list] but have more than one distinct term in Ikronurum have become as many entries as needed to accommodate the scope of its vocabulary. For instance, the term “arm/hand” becomes two entries given that there is a lexical distinction between ''arm'' and ''hand''. Because of this accommodation to the scope of the Ikronurum lexicon, the list will have more entries than the original hundred, just as it would have needed to be for other languages, such as English.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
| {{sc|pvm}} || Passive voice marker || þar || /ˈθɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||  
! rowspan="2"| English || colspan="2"| I Kronurum
|-
|-
| {{sc|aux}} || Auxiliar particle || gar || /ˈgɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||  "composite" verbs: „gesagt haben“, «gar ekronuri»
| style="text-align:center;"| ‹› || style="text-align:center;"| //
|-
|-
| {{sc|hort}} || Hortative particle || heŕan || /ˈhe̞.rɐn/ || particle/preposition || [HORT]+[pers.pron.+DAT]+[verb]
|ant || urna || ˈʔuɾ.nɐ
|-
|-
| {{sc|neg}} || Negation of an action || ren || /ˈre̞n/ || particle/preposition || (it won’t x, it doesn’t x)
|arm || nidr || ˈni.dɾ̩
|-
|-
| {{sc|caus}} || Causative || -a- || -/ɑ/- || affix || Derives a causative verb from a noun after the template [noun.root]-{{sc|caus}}-[verb.declension]
|hand || lugr || ˈlu.gɾ̩
''nimr'' water; ''nimrajur'' to.make.moist,to.water (a plant,etc)
|-
|-
|}
|ash || sigr || ˈsi.gɾ̩
 
|-
===Marking hierarchy===
|back || ikanrin || ʔi.ˈkɑn.ɾin
 
|-
===Derivational morphology===
|big || dag || ˈdɑx
'''· Nominalizer ({{sc|nmlz}})'''
|-
 
|bird || unda || ˈʔun.dɐ
''Derivation of nouns from verbs (deverbal nouns):''
|-
 
|to bite (human) || þistånur || ˈθis.tɑ.nuɾ
: {{sc|nmlz}}-[verb in the infinitive]
|-
 
|to bite (animal) || ðanur || ˈðɑ.nuɾ
''Derivation of nouns from adjectives and past-participles:''
|-
 
|bitter || ljur || ˈljuɾ
: {{sc|nmlz}}-[adjective/{{sc|ppl}}]
|-
 
|black || áþi || ˈʔɑi̯.θi
: dag, ''big''; i-dag, ''bigness''.
|-
 
|blood || henna || ˈhe̞.nːɐ
''Nominalization of past participles''
|-
When a past participle is nominalized to mean “one or any instance of this deverbal form”, a contraction of the participial suffix happens as follows:
|to blow || þuntur || ˈθun.tuɾ
 
: [-nuri → -ni], [-turi → -ti], [-ruri → -ri], [-juri → -ji].
 
''Deverbal adjectives''
 
: verb.{{sc|inf}}+{{sc|adjz}}
 
''Denominal adjectives''
 
: - {{sc|adjz}} ''-rin''
 
: - “with” (''det-'')
 
: - “without” (''har-'')
 
: - verb:
:''nontur'' “to.take.with/along, to.bring.with/along; to.carry” → “to.have [noun+ACC]” → “to be [adj]”, e.g.
:: “to.have strength-{{sc|acc}}” → “to be strong”
 
:: “to.have sweetness-{{sc|acc}}” → “to be sweet”
 
 
====Derivational particles and affixes====
 
<br>
'''· Grammatical'''
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
|-
| {{sc|nmlz}} || Nominalizer || i || /ˈʔi/ || preposition || Mostly paired with the determiner suffix ‹-rum›
|bone || hamr || ˈhɑ.mɾ̩
''kronur'' “I speak” {{sc|1s.pres.ind}}
|-
 
|breast || boðr || ˈbo̞.ðɾ̩
''i kronurum'', {{lcbr}}i kro-nur-rum{{rcbr}}
 
[NMLZ to.speak-{{sc|1s.pres.ind-det}}]
 
= "''was ich spreche''", “''that what I’m speaking''”; speech, language.
 
|-
|-
| {{sc|det}} || Determiner || -rum || -/ɾum/ || suffix || "the x" (instead of "a x")
|to burn (intransitive) || orkjur || ˈʔo̞ɾ.kjuɾ
|-
|-
| {{sc|and}} || Coordinator || -ór || -/u̹ɾ/ || preposition || "and"
|to carry || nontur || ˈno̞n.tuɾ
|-
|-
| {{sc|advm}} || Adverbializer || -(u)ŕó || -/u.ˈru̹/ || suffix || "x-ly", "in the maner of x"
|child (reciprocal of parent) || sente || ˈse̞n.tɘ
turns nouns into adverbs of manner
turns verbs of motion in adverbs of manner
|-
|-
| {{sc|adj}} || Adjetivizer || -rin || -/ɾin/ || suffix || Forms adjectives of quality. ''sigr'' "ash", ''agor-ó-śigrelin'' "ash-coloured"
|to come || herjonur || ˈhe̞.ɾjo̞.nuɾ
|-
|-
<!-- | {{sc|?}} || ? || -(u)rur || -/u.ɾuɾ/ || suffix || ? -->
|to crush/to grind || luhestur || ˈlu.he̞s.tuɾ
|}
 
'''· Lexical and partially grammaticalized lexical forms'''
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
|-
| {{sc|pers}} || Associated person || -rir || -/ɾiɾ/ || suffix || Forms actor nouns from verbs and nouns; from ''ríra'', “person”
|to cry/to weep || nasjur || ˈnɑ.sjuɾ
''hlajur'' v. to.make, ''hlajrir'' n. maker.
 
''assa'' n. forge, ''assarir'' n. smith.
|-
|-
| {{sc|tool}} || Associated artifact, tool || -(e)nar || -/ɘnɐɾ/ || suffix || From ''nara'', “thing, artifact, contraption”
|to do/to make || hlajur || ˈhlɑ.juɾ
iltur “to.rest” > ilturenar “chair”
|-
|-
| {{sc|place}} || Associated place || -fér || -/fei̯ɾ/ || suffix || From ''féra'', “place”.
|dog || gangr || ˈgɑn.gɾ̩
|-
|-
| {{sc|col}} || Colective noun || -hir || -/hiɾ/ || suffix || From ''hitr'', “pack, herd”
|to drink || wentur || ˈwe̞n.tuɾ
sigra “drop” > sigrahir “rain”
|-
|-
|}
|ear || náa || ˈnɑ.jɐ
 
===Discourse particles===
<br>
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
|-
|-
! colspan=5 style="text-align:left" | List of discourse particles
|to eat || nistur || ˈnis.tuɾ
|-
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Type !! <> !! [] !! style="text-align:left" | Translation !! style="text-align:left" | Notes
|egg || gaŕa || ˈgɑ.rɐ
|-
|-
| adjective || det || ˈde̞t || with || ''with x, x-ful, having x'' (n.); ''very x'' (adj.)
|eye || bagra || ˈbɑ.gɾɐ
|-
|-
| adjective || har || ˈhɑɾ || without || ''without; no x, not x, un-x, x-less''
|to fall ||   ||  
|-
|-
| adverbial || feŕ || ˈfe̞r|| thus ||  
|far || sór || ˈsu̜ɾ
|-
|-
| adverbial || pórhaŕa || ˈpʰu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ || whenever || “each-while”
|fire || okre || ˈʔo̞.kɾɘ
|-
|-
| adverbial || ídihaŕa || ˈʔei̯.di.ha.rɐ || always || “all-while”
|fish || strójr || ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩
|-
|-
| adverbial || sig || ˈsix || until ||  
|flesh/meat || fegr || ˈfe̞.gɾ̩
|-
|-
| adverbial || haŕa || ˈhɑ.rɐ || while || When used figuratively: “''while x, y''” - Order: “''while X, Y then[=won] Z''”
|fly || jaŕan || ˈjɑ.rɐn
|-
|-
| adverbial || won || ˈwo̞n || then ||  
|to give || hajur || ˈhɑ.juɾ
|-
|-
| connective || ána || ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ || so, therefore ||
|to go || arnur || ˈʔɑɾ.nuɾ
|-
|-
| connective || -ór || -u̹ɾ || and || suffix, word connector
|good || sag || ˈsɑx
|-
|-
| connective || || || or || word or sentence disjunctor
|hair (human) || vór || ˈvu̹ɾ
|-
|-
| connective || om || ˈʔo̞m || and/or ||  
|hard || breg || ˈbɾe̞x
|-
|-
| connective || harhaŕa || ˈhɑɾ.ha.rɐ || but || “not-while”
|he/she (3S.AN.NOM) || osta || ˈʔo̞s.tɐ
|-
|-
| connective || man || ˈmɑn || so || Ger. ''also''; “and” as coordinator of propostitions
|it (3S.IN.NOM) || masta || ˈmɑs.tɐ
|-
|-
| connective || hurman || huɾ.ˈmɑn || “''and so, indeed, ...''” ||
|him/her (3S.ACC) || tró osta || ˈtɾu̜ ˈʔo̞s.tɐ
|-
|-
| connective || as || ˈʔɑs || because (of) || +{{sc|gen}}
|to hear || nátur || ˈnɑi̯.tur
|-
|-
| connective || nwo || ˈnʷo̞ || that || (''hen-won'', "this-then") Ger. ''dass'' - Used with “I experience (see, hear, etc) that ...”
|heavy || bro || ˈbɾo̞
|-
|-
| connective || losihiraftó || ˈlo̞.si.hi.ɾaf.ˈtu̹ || “''as for the rest, ...''” || From ''losihirum-aftó'', the.rest-{{sc|loc}} (''losihir’aftó'', the {{sc|det}} ''-rum'' is dropped)
|to hide (intransitive) || ||  
|-
|-
| connective<nowiki>/</nowiki> <br> adverbial || losiŕó || lo̞.si.ˈru̹ || otherwise || {{sc|adv.m}} “other-ly, in the manner of the.other”, introduces an option
|to hide (transitive) || fráråjur || ˈfɾɑi̯.ɾɑ.juɾ
|-
|-
| hortative || heŕan || ˈhe̞.rɐn || “''let’s ...''” || preposition; [{{sc|hort}}]+[pers.pron.+{{sc|dat}}]+[verb]
|to hit || waŕtur || ˈwɑr.tuɾ
|-
|to beat || luaŕtur || ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ
|-
|-
| intensifier || hur || ˈhuɾ || indeed || intensifier
|horn || ðrófa || ˈðɾu̜.fɐ
|-
|-
| negation || || || no || of a proposition, of a sentence
|house || þane || ˈθɑ.nɘ
|-
|-
| negation || ren || ˈre̞n || not || negation of an action (''it won’t x, it doesn’t x'', etc)
|I || angr || ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩
|-
|-
| subord || nun || ˈnun || which, RLTZ2 || introduces non-restrictive bound finite relative clauses
|me || tró angr || ˈtɾu̜ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩
|-
|-
| subord || fror || ˈfɾo̞ɾ || which, RLTZ1 || introduces restrictive bound finite relative clauses
|in ({{sc|loc}}) || -aftó || -ɐf.ˈtu̹
|-
|-
| || pórja || ˈpʰu̜.ɾjɐ || whatever || “each-any”
|knee || þranár || ˈθɾɑn.ʔɐi̯ɾ
|-
|-
| || og || ˈʔo̞x || hence ||  
|to know || arajur || ˈʔɑ.ɾɐ.juɾ
|-
|-
| || nog || ˈno̞x || thence || (''hen-og'', "this-hence")
|to laugh || reþinur || ˈre̞.θi.nuɾ
<!--
|-
|-
| || || || whence || (''_'', "from-where")
|leaf || brefa || ˈbɾe̞.fɐ
|-
|-
| || || || either || “''either A, or B''” (or → )
|leg || þran || ˈθɾɑn
|-
|-
| || || || too ||
|foot || jona || ˈjo.nɐ
-->
|-
|-
|}
|liver || geś || ˈge̞ʃ
 
|-
===Deictics===
|long || bran || ˈbɾɑn
====Spatial deixis====
|-
====Temporal deixis====
|louse || géga || ˈgei̯.gɐ
 
 
===Proper nouns===
 
 
Proper nouns can have forms which are inconsistent with the current vocabulary. Some of this oddities come from older compounding strategies and words, or are the result of loan translations into Ikronurum.
For example, the name Faradur, meaning “horse-son”, is not the word for foal, DURÓPARAN, which is a horse’s son. Likewise the surname Artassarir, meaning “swordsmith, swordmaker”, is not the word for swordsmith, ASSARIRÓARTEN, which is the proper name of the occupation.
 
====Anthroponyms====
 
 
An Ikronurum name consists minimally of a first name and a surname.
First names
Surnames are typically either ocupational (e.g. “swordmaker”), genitive (e.g. “of Greenwall”) or patronymic (e.g. Dur-Kríhrafn), amongst wich the oldest can be found.
 
For example:
 
{| class="wikitable
|-
|-
| ''Faradur Ór-Altahjol'' || || /ˈfɑ.ɾɐ.duɾ || ʔu̹ɾ.ˈʔɑl.tɐ.hjo̞l/ || || "Horse-son || of Greenwall"
|mouth (human) || þiste || ˈθis.te̞
|-
|-
| ''Énor''* ''Artassarir'' || || /ˈʔei̯.no̞ɾ || ˈʔɑɾ.ta.sːɐ.ɾiɾ/ || || "Bear(paw) || Swordmaker"
|name || lok || ˈlo̞k
|-
|-
| ''Héurbrok Dur-Kríhrafr'' || || /ˈhei̯.uɾ.bɾo̞k || duɾ.ˈkɾei̯.ˌhɾɐ.fɾ̩/ || || "Riverstone || son of Eaglewing"
|navel || hjarma || ˈhjɑɾ.mɐ
|-
|-
| *<small>(Énor < Énorag)</small>
|neck || mele || ˈme̞.lɘ
|-
|-
|}
|new || krim || ˈkɾim
 
====Toponyms====
 
 
There is a variety of toponymical forms for the names of topological and anthropogenic landmarks, which are used exclusively in the formation of ''toponymical proper nouns''. Though derived from the common nouns, some of the toponymical forms can vary notably.
 
Groups: A) anthropogenic structures; B) abrupt terrain; C) waterfront; D) plain terrain; E) vegetation and other terrain.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
|-
! Group || colspan=4| Toponymical form
|night || hjól || ˈhju̜l
|-
|-
! rowspan=4|{{sc|a}}
|nose || fróð || ˈfɾu̹ð
|-
|-
| {{sc|hamlet}}
|not (of an action) || ren || ˈre̞n
| -þåjn
| -/θɑi̯n/
| ''top.'' “-ham”, from ''þánerum'', hamlet
|-
|-
| {{sc|town}}
|old || þrór || ˈθɾu̜ɾ
| -þåjl
| -/θɑi̯l/
| ''top.'' “-ton”, from ''-þåjnl'', in turn from ''þánelår'', town
|-
|-
| {{sc|path}}
|one || jog || ˈjox
| -års
| -/ɑɾs/
| ''top.'' from ''arso'', path, way; street, road
|-
|-
! rowspan=6|{{sc|b}}
|rain || sigrahir || ˈsi.gɾɐ.hiɾ
|-
|-
| {{sc|hill}}
|red || agorókenallin || ˈʔɑ.go̞.ɾʊ.ˌkɘ.nɐ.lːin
| -neþ || -/nɘθ/
| ''top.'' from ''neþo'', hill
|-
|-
| {{sc|valley}}
|root || suma || ˈsu.mɐ
| -låjn
| -/lɑi̯.n/
| ''top.'' from ''lánr'', valley
|-
|-
| {{sc|cove}}
|rope || hjara || ˈhjɑ.ɾɐ
| -lor || -/lo̞ɾ/
| ''top.'' from ''lora'', cavity; nook, cranny; cove, bay
|-
|-
| {{sc|chasm}}
|to run || ekanur || ˈʔe̞.ka.nuɾ
| -luþ
| -/luθ/
| ''top.'' from ''luþlor'', “deep cavity”, pit, chasm; well
|-
|-
| {{sc|cliff}}
|salt || fora || ˈfo̞.ɾɐ
| -hråjl
| -/hɾɑi̯l/
| ''top.'' from ''hrál'', cliff; out-jutting rock, Sp. ''farallón''
|-
|-
! rowspan=6|{{sc|c}}
|sand || bisso || ˈbi.sːo̞
|-
|-
| {{sc|sea}}
|to say || kronur || ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ
| -jår
| -/jɑɾ/
| ''top.'' from ''jarl'', sea
|-
|-
| {{sc|bay}}
|to see || bagråjur || ˈbɑ.gɾɑ.juɾ
| -fjór
| -/fju̜ɾ/
| ''top.'' from ''fjór'', pond, shallow lake; shallow bay
|-
|-
| {{sc|port}}
|shade/shadow || wegr || ˈwe̞.gɾ̩
| -fjórd
| -/fju̜ɾd̥/
| ''top.'' port, haven (< fjórþ, fjór-þåjn, fjór-þánerum)
|-
|-
| {{sc|beach}}
|skin (human) || gród || ˈgɾu̹d̥
| -håjf
| -/hɑi̯f/
| ''top.'' from ''háfr'', beach, shoreline
|-
|-
| {{sc|shore}}
|hide || kuŕa || ˈkʰu.rɐ
| -jók
| -/ju̜k/
| ''top.'' from ''jóke'', border, Ger. ''Rand''; side, coast
|-
|-
! rowspan=3|{{sc|d}}
|small || som || ˈso̞m
|-
|-
| {{sc|land}}
|smoke || þóste || ˈθu̹s.tɘ
| -får(k)
| -/fɑɾk/
| ''top.'' region, region-name; from ''farka'', earth
|-
|-
| {{sc|field}}
|soil || farka || ˈfɑɾ.kɐ
| -lól
| -/lu̹l/
| ''top.'' from ''lótli'', field
|-
|-
! rowspan=4|{{sc|e}}
|to stand || étrur || ˈʔei̯.truɾ
|-
|-
| {{sc|forest}}
|star || fár || fɑi̯ɾ
| -bågh
| -/bɑx/
| ''top.'' from ''baghir'', forest
|-
|-
| {{sc|grove}}
|stone || broka || ˈbɾo̞.kɐ
| -båjg
| -/bɑi̯x/
| ''top.'' from ''bághirli'', grove
|-
|-
| {{sc|swamp}}
|rock || ibroke || ʔi.ˈbɾo̞.kɘ
| -kóg
| -/kʰu̹x/
| ''top.'' from ''kóg'', bog, moor, swamp
|-
|-
|}
|to suck || fiþinur || ˈfi.θi.nuɾ
 
====Demonyms====
 
==Syntax==
 
Word order per sentence type
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
|-
! colspan="3"|Sentence type !! Word order !! Marking !! Notes
|sweet || ónðr || ˈʔu̜n.ðɾ̩
|-
|-
| rowspan="4"|Declarative sentences || rowspan="3"|Active sentences || Intransitive verbs || SV || {{sc|nom-v}} || -
|tail (animal) || sikr || ˈsi.kɾ̩
|-
|-
| Monotransitive verbs || OSV || {{sc|acc-nom-v}} || -
|to take (away) || tróśórkánur || ˈtɾu̜.ʃu̜ɾ.ˌkɑi̯.nuɾ
|-
|-
| Ditransitive verbs || OTSV || {{sc|acc-dat-nom-v}} || -
|thick || san || ˈsɑn
|-
|-
| colspan="2"|Passive sentences || SOV || {{sc|nom-acc-pvm-v}} || -
|thigh || kneg-þran || ˈkne̞x.θɾɑn
|-
|-
| colspan="3"|Questions || - || - || Focus fronting
|this (prox. to speaker, NOM) || nédor || ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ
|-
|-
| colspan="3"|Imperative sentences || OVS || {{sc|acc-v-nom+det}} || -
|to tie || hjarmåjur || ˈhjɑɾ.mɑ.juɾ
|}
 
==Lexicon==
<br/>
Citation forms:
 
'''·''' Nouns: nominative singular;
 
'''·''' Adjectives: nominative singular
 
'''·''' Verbs: first person singular present indicative active.
 
===Leipzig-Jakarta list===
 
Some terms which are listed as one entry in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Jakarta_list Leipzig-Jakarta list] but have more than one distinct term in Ikronurum have become as many entries as needed to accommodate the scope of its vocabulary. For instance, the term “arm/hand” becomes two entries given that there is a lexical distinction between ''arm'' and ''hand''. Because of this accommodation to the scope of the Ikronurum lexicon, the list will have more entries than the original hundred, just as it would have needed to be for other languages, such as English.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| English || colspan="2"| I Kronurum
|tongue || silr || ˈsi.lɾ̩
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ‹› || style="text-align:center;"| //
|tooth || taga || ˈtʰɑ.gɐ
|-
|-
|ant || urna || ˈʔuɾ.nɐ
|water || nimr || ˈni.mɾ̩
|-
|-
|arm || nidr || ˈni.dɾ̩
|what? || ||  
|-
|-
|hand || lugr || ˈlu.gɾ̩
|who? || ||  
|-
|-
|ash || sigr || ˈsi.gɾ̩
|wide || aða || ˈʔɑ.ðɐ
|-
|-
|back || ikanrin || ʔi.ˈkɑn.ɾin
|wind || þunr || ˈθu.nɾ̩
|-
|-
|big || dag || ˈdɑx
|wing || hrafr || ˈhɾɑ.fɾ̩
|-
|-
|bird || unda || ˈʔun.dɐ
|wood || linda || ˈlin.dɐ
|-
|-
|to bite (human) || þistånur || ˈθis.tɑ.nuɾ
|yesterday || unþróƕarta || ˈʔun.θɾu̹.ˌhʷɐɾ.tɐ
|-
|-
|to bite (animal) || ðanur || ˈðɑ.nuɾ
|you (singular, NOM) || setr || ˈse̞.tr̩
|-
|-
|bitter || ljur || ˈljuɾ
|}
|-
 
|black || áþi || ˈʔɑi̯.θi
 
|-
<!-- Swadesh list
|blood || henna || ˈhe̞.nːɐ
{{swadesh
|-
|nativename        =
|to blow || þuntur || ˈθun.tuɾ
|language          =
|-
|I                =
|bone || hamr || ˈhɑ.mɾ̩
|you (singular)    =
|-
|he                =
|breast || boðr || ˈbo̞.ðɾ̩
|we                =
|-
|you (plural)      =
|to burn (intransitive) || orkjur || ˈʔo̞ɾ.kjuɾ
|they              =
|-
|this              =
|to carry || nontur || ˈno̞n.tuɾ
|that              =
|-
|here              =
|child (reciprocal of parent) || sente || ˈse̞n.tɘ
|there            =
|-
|who              =
|to come || herjonur || ˈhe̞.ɾjo̞.nuɾ
|what              =
|-
|where            =
|to crush/to grind || luhestur || ˈlu.he̞s.tuɾ
|when              =
|-
|how              =
|to cry/to weep || nasjur || ˈnɑ.sjuɾ
|not              =
|-
|all              =
|to do/to make || hlajur || ˈhlɑ.juɾ
|many              =
|-
|some              =
|dog || gangr || ˈgɑn.gɾ̩
|few              =
|-
|other            =
|to drink || wentur || ˈwe̞n.tuɾ
|one              =
|-
|two              =
|ear || náa || ˈnɑ.jɐ
|three            =
|-
|four              =
|to eat || nistur || ˈnis.tuɾ
|five              =
|-
|big              =
|egg || gaŕa || ˈgɑ.rɐ
|long              =
|-
|wide              =
|eye || bagra || ˈbɑ.gɾɐ
|thick            =
|-
|heavy            =
|to fall ||  ||
|small            =
|-
|short            =
|far || sór || ˈsu̜ɾ
|narrow            =
|-
|thin              =
|fire || okre || ˈʔo̞.kɾɘ
|woman            =
|-
|man (adult male)  =
|fish || strójr || ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩
|man (human being) =
|-
|child            =
|flesh/meat || fegr || ˈfe̞.gɾ̩
|wife              =
|-
|husband          =
|fly || jaŕan || ˈjɑ.rɐn
|mother            =
|-
|father            =
|to give || hajur || ˈhɑ.juɾ
|animal            =
|-
|fish              =
|to go || arnur || ˈʔɑɾ.nuɾ
|bird              =
|-
|dog              =
|good || sag || ˈsɑx
|louse            =
|-
|snake            =
|hair (human) || vór || ˈvu̹ɾ
|worm              =
|-
|tree              =
|hard || breg || ˈbɾe̞x
|forest            =
|-
|stick            =
|he/she (3S.AN.NOM) || osta || ˈʔo̞s.tɐ
|fruit            =
|-
|seed              =
|it (3S.IN.NOM) || masta || ˈmɑs.tɐ
|leaf              =
|-
|root              =
|him/her (3S.ACC) || tró osta || ˈtɾu̜ ˈʔo̞s.tɐ
|bark              =
|-
|flower            =
|to hear || nátur || ˈnɑi̯.tur
|grass            =
|-
|rope              =
|heavy || bro || ˈbɾo̞
|skin              =
|-
|meat              =
|to hide (intransitive) || ||  
|blood            =
|-
|bone              =
|to hide (transitive) || fráråjur || ˈfɾɑi̯.ɾɑ.juɾ
|fat              =
|-
|egg              =
|to hit || waŕtur || ˈwɑr.tuɾ
|horn              =
|-
|tail              =
|to beat || luaŕtur || ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ
|feather          =
|-
|hair              =
|horn || ðrófa || ˈðɾu̜.fɐ
|head              =
|-
|ear              =
|house || þane || ˈθɑ.nɘ
|eye               =
|-
|nose              =
|I || angr || ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩
|mouth            =
|-
|tooth            =
|me || tró angr || ˈtɾu̜ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩
|tongue            =
|-
|fingernail        =
|in ({{sc|loc}}) || -aftó || -ɐf.ˈtu̹
|foot              =
|-
|leg              =
|knee || þranár || ˈθɾɑn.ʔɐi̯ɾ
|knee              =
|-
|hand              =
|to know || arajur || ˈʔɑ.ɾɐ.juɾ
|wing              =
|-
|belly            =
|to laugh || reþinur || ˈre̞.θi.nuɾ
|guts              =
|-
|neck              =
|leaf || brefa || ˈbɾe̞.fɐ
|back              =
|-
|breast            =
|leg || þran || ˈθɾɑn
|heart            =
|-
|liver            =
|foot || jona || ˈjo.nɐ
|drink            =
|-
|eat              =
|liver || geś || ˈge̞ʃ
|bite              =
|-
|suck              =
|long || bran || ˈbɾɑn
|spit              =
|-
|vomit            =
|louse ||  ||
|blow              =
|-
|breathe          =
|mouth (human) || þiste || ˈθis.te̞
|laugh            =
|-
|see              =
|name || lok || ˈlo̞k
|know              =
|-
|think            =
|navel || hjarma || ˈhjɑɾ.mɐ
|smell            =
|-
|fear              =
|neck || mele || ˈme̞.lɘ
|sleep            =
|-
|live              =
|new || krim || ˈkɾim
|die              =
|-
|kill              =
|night || hjól || ˈhju̜l
|fight            =
|-
|hunt              =
|nose || fróð || ˈfɾu̹ð
|hit              =
|-
|cut              =
|not (of an action) || ren || ˈre̞n
|split            =
|-
|stab              =
|old || þrór || ˈθɾu̜ɾ
|scratch          =
|-
|dig              =
|one || jog || ˈjox
|swim              =
|-
|fly              =
|rain || sigrahir || ˈsi.gɾɐ.hiɾ
|walk              =
|-
|come              =
|red || agorókenallin || ˈʔɑ.go̞.ɾʊ.ˌkɘ.nɐ.lːin
|lie              =
|-
|sit              =
|root || suma || ˈsu.mɐ
|stand            =
|-
|turn              =
|rope || hjara || ˈhjɑ.ɾɐ
|fall              =
|-
|give              =
|to run || ekanur || ˈʔe̞.ka.nuɾ
|hold              =
|-
|squeeze          =
|salt || fora || ˈfo̞.ɾɐ
|rub              =
|-
|wash              =
|sand || bisso || ˈbi.sːo̞
|wipe              =
|-
|pull              =
|to say || kronur || ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ
|push              =
|-
|throw            =
|to see || bagråjur || ˈbɑ.gɾɑ.juɾ
|tie              =
|-
|sew              =
|shade/shadow || wegr || ˈwe̞.gɾ̩
|count            =
|-
|say              =
|skin (human) || gród || ˈgɾu̹d̥
|sing              =
|-
|play              =
|hide || kuŕa || ˈkʰu.rɐ
|float            =
|-
|flow              =
|small || som || ˈso̞m
|freeze            =
|-
|swell            =
|smoke || þóste || ˈθu̹s.tɘ
|sun              =
|-
|moon              =
|soil || farka || ˈfɑɾ.kɐ
|star              =
|-
|water            =
|to stand || étrur || ˈʔei̯.truɾ
|rain              =
|-
|river            =
|star || fár || fɑi̯ɾ
|lake              =
|-
|sea              =
|stone || broka || ˈbɾo̞.kɐ
|salt              =
|-
|stone            =
|rock || ibroke || ʔi.ˈbɾo̞.kɘ
|sand              =
|-
|dust              =
|to suck || fiþinur || ˈfi.θi.nuɾ
|earth            =
|-
|cloud            =
|sweet || ónðr || ˈʔu̜n.ðɾ̩
|fog              =
|-
|sky              =
|tail (animal) || sikr || ˈsi.kɾ̩
|wind              =
|-
|snow              =
|to take (away) || tróśórkánur || ˈtɾu̜.ʃu̜ɾ.ˌkɑi̯.nuɾ
|ice              =
|-
|smoke            =
|thick || san || ˈsɑn
|fire              =
|-
|ash              =
|thigh || kneg-þran || ˈkne̞x.θɾɑn
|burn              =
|-
|road              =
|this (prox. to speaker, NOM) || nédor || ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ
|mountain          =
|-
|red              =
|to tie || hjarmåjur || ˈhjɑɾ.mɑ.juɾ
|green            =
|-
|yellow            =
|tongue || silr || ˈsi.lɾ̩
|white            =
|-
|black            =
|tooth || taga || ˈtʰɑ.gɐ
|night            =
|-
|day              =
|water || nimr || ˈni.mɾ̩
|year              =
|-
|warm              =
|what? ||  ||  
|cold              =
|-
|full              =
|who? || ||  
|new              =
|-
|old              =
|wide || aða || ˈʔɑ.ðɐ
|good              =
|-
|bad              =
|wind || þunr || ˈθu.nɾ̩
|rotten            =
|-
|dirty            =
|wing || hrafr || ˈhɾɑ.fɾ̩
|straight          =
|-
|round            =
|wood || linda || ˈlin.dɐ
|sharp            =
|-
|dull              =
|yesterday || unþróƕarta || ˈʔun.θɾu̹.ˌhʷɐɾ.tɐ
|smooth            =
|-
|wet              =
|you (singular, NOM) || setr || ˈse̞.tr̩
|dry              =
|-
|correct          =
|}
|near              =
 
|far              =
 
|right            =
<!-- Swadesh list
|left              =
{{swadesh
|at                =
|nativename        =
|in                =
|language          =
|with              =
|I                =
|and              =
|you (singular)    =
|if                =
|he                =
|because          =
|we                =
|name              =
|you (plural)      =
|languagecount    = 1
|they              =
}}
|this              =
-->
|that              =
 
|here              =
=Orthography=
|there            =
 
|who              =
[[File:Ikronurum-name_scripts.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The name of the language, ''I Kronurum'', in one of the native scripts, a [[w:Gothic_alphabet|gautification]] and a romanization]]
|what              =
 
|where            =
Besides the history of the in-world, "native" orthographies of the different historical stages of I Kronurum, there are two transliteration standards: a romanization, and a "[[w:Gothic_alphabet|gautification]]" (a variation on Ulfilas' Gothic script).
|when              =
 
|how              =
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|not              =
!colspan=5 | Orthographies
|all              =
|-
|many              =
!colspan=5 | Consonants
|some              =
|-
|few              =
!IPA value||Latin letter||Gothic letter||Native orthography||Notes
|other            =
|-
|one              =
|p||p||𐍀||-||-
|two              =
|-
|three            =
|b||b||𐌱||-||-
|four              =
|-
|five              =
|t||t||𐍄||-||-
|big              =
|-
|long              =
|d||d||𐌳||-||-
|wide              =
|-
|thick            =
|k||k||𐌺||-||-
|heavy            =
|-
|small            =
|g||g||𐌲||-||-
|short            =
|-
|narrow            =
|m||m||𐌼||-||-
|thin              =
|-
|woman            =
|n||n||𐌽||-||-
|man (adult male)  =
|-
|man (human being) =
|ɲ||ñ, ń, nj||𐌽𐌹||-||-
|child            =
|-
|wife              =
|r||ŕ, rr||𐍂𐍂||-||-
|husband          =
|-
|mother            =
|ɾ||r||𐍂||-||-
|father            =
|-
|animal            =
|f||f||𐍆||-||-
|fish              =  
|-
|bird              =  
|θ||þ||𐌸||-||-
|dog              =  
|-
|louse            =
|ð||ð||𐍊||-||-
|snake            =  
|-
|worm              =  
|s||s||𐍃||-||-
|tree              =
|-
|forest            =  
|ʃ||ś||𐌶||-||-
|stick            =  
|-
|fruit            =
|h||h||𐌷||-||-
|seed              =
|-
|leaf              =
|w||w||𐍅||-||-
|root              =  
|-
|bark              =
|j||j||𐌾||-||-
|flower            =
|-
|grass            =
|l||l||𐌻||-||-
|rope              =
|-
|skin              =
|ɬ||lh||𐍁||-||-
|meat              =
|-
|blood            =
|hʷ||ƕ||𐍈||-||-
|bone              =
|-
|fat              =
!colspan=5 | Vowels
|egg              =
|-
|horn              =
!IPA value||Latin letter||Gothic letter||Native orthography||Notes
|tail              =
|-
|feather          =
|ɑ||a, å||𐌰||-||The spelling ‹å› is used for instances of ‹a› which need to be pronounced as /ɑ/ but happen in positions in which the realization would be either /a/ or /ɐ/. For instance, the causative marker {{sc|caus}} ‹-a-›, which happens word-medially, would otherwise be pronounced /a/.
|hair              =
|-
|head              =
|ɑi̯~ɐi̯~ai̯||á||𐌰𐌰||-||From an early long ''a'' vowel; AIK ‹â›, OIK ‹ā› /ɑː/, EMIK ‹ó› /ɑə̯/
|ear              =
|-
|eye              =
|i||i||𐌹||-||-
|nose              =
|-
|mouth            =
|ei̯~ɛi̯||í||𐌹𐌹||-||From an early long ''i'' vowel; AIK ‹î› /ɪː/, OIK ‹ī› /ɪː/, EMIK ‹ī› /ɪi̯/
|tooth            =
|-
|tongue            =
|e̞||e||𐌴||-||-
|fingernail        =
|-
|foot              =
|ei̯~ɘi̯||é||𐌴𐌴||-||From an early long ''o'' vowel; AIK ‹ê›, OIK ‹ē› /eː/, EMIK ‹é› /eɪ̯/
|leg              =
|-
|knee              =
|o̞||o||𐍉||-||-
|hand              =
|-
|wing              =
|u̹||ó||𐍉𐍉||-||From an early long ''o'' vowel; AIK ‹ô› /ɔː/, OIK ‹ō› /oː/, EMIK ‹ó› /oʊ̯/
|belly            =
|-
|guts              =
|u||u||𐌿||-||-
|neck              =
|-
|back              =
|}
|breast            =
<br>
|heart            =
 
|liver            =
=Samples=
|drink            =
===Sentences===
|eat              =
 
|bite              =
{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|suck              =
|-
|spit              =
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| <big>{{cardo|·:𐍉𐍉:𐍀𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐍉𐍂𐌽:𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐍉𐍂𐌽:𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌽:·}}</big>
|vomit            =
|-
|blow              =
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| {{cardo|‹Ó pagrumórn, undrumórn, faŕumen›}}
|breathe          =
|-
|laugh            =
| /ˈʔu̜ || ˈpɑ.gɾu.mu̜ɾn || {{Pipe}} || ˈʔun.dɾu.mu̜ɾn || {{Pipe}} || ˈfɑ.ru.mɘn/
|see              =
|-
|know              =  
| ó(r) || {{lcbr}}b→p{{rcbr}}aga-rum-ór-(e)n || || unda-rum-ór-(e)n || || fara-rum-(e)n
|think            =
|-
|smell            =
| {{sc|gen}} || tree-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen}} || || bird-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen}} || || horse-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|gen}}
|fear              =  
|-
|sleep            =  
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| "''of/about the tree, the bird and the horse''"
|live              =
|-
|die              =
| colspan="6" style="text-align:right"| <small>(name of a traditional tale)</small>
|kill              =
|-
|fight            =  
|}
|hunt              =  
 
|hit              =  
<!--
|cut              =  
===Nominal declension themes===
|split            =  
===Conjugational paradigms===
|stab              =  
====Consonant theme====
|scratch          =  
-->
|dig              =  
 
|swim              =  
===Other samples===
|fly              =  
 
|walk              =  
*I Kronurum has taken [[Fourth Linguifex Relay/I Kronurum|part]] in the [[Fourth Linguifex Relay]]. Text of the IK entry (translation from [[Minhast]]):
|come              =  
 
|lie              =  
{| class="wikitable style="text-align:center; margin:3%"
|sit              =  
|-
|stand            =  
| {{cardosmall|Dafríra, ibóðr iknegór nonteþini. Tró angr sóraftó jaŕaftó jóherjoneþan. Tró jalíŕihirum ó þetren alastur. Hurman, ána, pórhaŕa tró pórja uŕójubskenis ankjurini, won tró esta angris hajana-ini. Tró śetr órusmarken ehajuri tró istojti finta rengodånere. Nog tró śéðŕó faga detŕó þar jójagrénturan.}}
|turn              =
|-
|fall              =
| <small><poem> /ˈdɑf.rei̯.ɾɐ ʔi.ˈbu̜.ðɾ̩ ʔi.ˈkne̞.gu̹ɾ ˈno̞n.tɛ.ˌθi.ni/ /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ su̜ɾ.af.ˈtu̹ jɑ.raf.ˈtu̹ ju̜.he̞.ˈɾjo̞.nɛ.ˌθɐn/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈjɑ.lei̯.ri.hi.ɾum ˈʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾɘn ʔɑ.ˈlas.tuɾ/ /huɾ.ˈmɑn ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ ˈpu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ ˈtɾu̹ ˈpu̜.ɾjɐ ˈʔo̞.ru̹.ˌjuβs.ke̞.nis ˈʔɑn.kju.ɾi.ni/ /ˈwo̞n ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔe̞s.tɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gɾis ˈhɑ.ja.nɐ ˈʔi.ni/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃe̞.tr̩ ˈʔu̹.ɾus.maɾ.ke̞n ˈʔe.hɑ.ju.ɾi ˈtɾu̹ ʔi.ˈsto̞j.ti ˈfin.tɐ ˈre̞n ˈgo.dɑ.ne.ɾɘ/ /ˈno̞x ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃei̯.ðɾu̹ ˈfɑ.gɐ ˈde̞t.ru̹ ˈθɑɾ ju̜.jɑ.ˈgɾɛi̯n.tu.ɾɐn/ </poem>
|give              =  
</small>
|hold              =  
|-
|squeeze          =  
| Lord, high and strong, you who came to me in the far sea, I heed to your desire. So, to the sky-spirit. I asked him for and he gave me. You know a silver offering against death won’t protect him. That’s why yonder tree was thoroughly destroyed.
|rub              =  
|-
|wash              =  
|}
|wipe              =  
 
|pull              =
*I Kronurum has taken [[Fifth Linguifex Relay/I Kronurum|part]] in the [[Fifth Linguifex Relay]]. Text of the IK entry (translation from [[User:Araneus|Kharrash]]):
|push              =  
 
|throw            =  
{| class="wikitable style="text-align:center; margin:3%"
|tie              =
|-
|sew              =
| {{cardosmall|Alanni
|count            =
 
|say              =
Náŕa angr nédor, nwo setr wonaftógwartan gar jóstosjet, arajur<br/>
|sing              =
i-étŕirum ó þetren okrerumaftó alangur<br/>
|play              =
as ór okren nédor tró angr arajti ke·aleinåtrur ini,<br/>
|float            =
man nwo noraftó farkahirumaftó ór i-arajten nwo bréfeþrum jóhlásánur arajur<br/>
|flow              =
man won wartaftó tróśenasig étrénu ini<br/>
|freeze            =
 
|swell            =
– Dogrili Gogrot}}
|sun              =
|-
|moon              =
| <small><poem>/ˈʔɑ.la.nːi/
|star              =
 
|water            =
/ˈnɑi̯.rɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ | ˈnʷo̞ ˈse̞.tr̩ wo̞.naf.tu̹.ˈgʷɑɾ.tɐn ˈgɑɾ ju̹.ˈsto̞j.sje̞t | ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
|rain              =
/ʔi.ˈei̯t.ri.ɾum ʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾe̞n ʔo̞.kɾɛ.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔɑ.ˈlɑŋ.guɾ/
|river            =
/ˈʔɑs ʔu̹ɾ ˈʔo̞.kɾe̞n ˈnei̯.do̞ɾ ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ ˈʔɑ.ɾaj.ti ke̞.ʔɑ.ˈlei̯.nɑ.tɾuɾ ˈʔi.ni | /
|lake              =
/ˈmɑn ˈnʷo̞ nei̯.do̞.ɾaf.ˈtu̹ fɑɾ.ka.hi.ɾu.maf.ˈtu̹ ʔu̹ɾ ʔi.ˈʔɑ.ɾɐj.ten ˈnʷo̞ ˈb̥ɾei̯.fe̞.θɾum ju̹.ˈhlɑi̯.sai̯.nuɾ ˈʔɑ.ɾa.juɾ/
|sea              =
/ˈmɑn ˈwo̞n wɑɾ.tɐf.ˈtu̹ tɾu̜.ˈʃe̞.na.six ˈʔei̯.tɾei̯.nu ˈʔi.ni/
|salt              =
 
|stone            =
/ˈdo̞.ɣɾi.li ˈgo̞.ɣɾo̞t/</poem>
|sand              =
</small>
|dust              =
|-
|earth            =
| Loving
|cloud            =
 
|fog              =
Even though I know you'll be dead when it is the end<br/>
|sky              =
I love staying by your fire<br/>
|wind              =
Because this fire makes me want to know,<br/>
|snow              =
and I know that the leaves of knowledge will bloom in this world<br/>
|ice              =
and remain in time forever<br/>
|smoke            =
 
|fire              =
– Dogrili Gogrot
|ash              =
|-
|burn              =  
|}
|road              =  
 
|mountain          =
 
|red              =
*[[w:Schleicher's_fable|''The sheep and the horses'', aka "Schleicher's fable"]]:[[File:Schleicher's_fable.png|250px|thumb|right|The text of ''The sheep and the horses'', aka "Schleicher's fable" in Middle I·Kronurum, transcribed in an early version of the all-capital gautification (''click on the picture to enlarge'').]]
|green            =
{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|yellow            =
|white            =
|black            =
|night            =
|day              =
|year              =
|warm              =
|cold              =
|full              =
|new              =
|old              =
|good              =
|bad              =
|rotten            =
|dirty            =
|straight          =
|round            =
|sharp            =
|dull              =
|smooth            =
|wet              =
|dry              =
|correct          =
|near              =
|far              =
|right            =
|left              =
|at                =
|in                =
|with              =
|and               =
|if                =
|because          =
|name              =
|languagecount    = 1
}}
-->
 
=Orthography=
 
[[File:Ikronurum-name_scripts.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The name of the language, ''I Kronurum'', in one of the native scripts, a gautification and a romanization]]
 
Besides the history of the in-world, "native" orthographies of the different historical stages of I Kronurum, there are two transliteration standards: a romanization, and a "gautification" (a variation on Ulfilas' Gothic script).
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
!colspan=5 | Orthographies
|-
!colspan=5 | Consonants
|-
!IPA value||Latin letter||Gothic letter||Native orthography||Notes
|-
|-
|p||p||𐍀||-||-
| {{cardo|Ór antarumen fárarumanóren}}
|-
|-
|b||b||𐌱||-||-
| {{cardosmall|Jo’harkroj’anta tró báran bagråjanan, fror jóka pór: tró pro nonttinar jog keanontaran; tró dag nóntta losi kenontaran; tró ñog ríra losi tíruŕó þarkefrenaran. Feŕ antarum tró ídi fárarum kekronaran: “ikanaftórum ór angren þisten wohtarinur, as ja ríra tró báran kearånaran kebagråjur”. Feŕ ídi fárarum tró antarum kekronaran: “tr’óstr janáteþur, antarum; pórhaŕa nédor bagråjuntu, nwo haŕa jog ríra, fror frenara ini, tró ibrohir ór ídin ántanen krojarumion estarion hlajana, won, ídi ánta har ó grojan ó jóbken nontáru; wo’nog, antarum, ikanaftórum ór óstren þístenen wohtarinurtu”. Són tróðréðr gar jónátaran, won, antarum lótrumorion jarnturan.}}
|-
|-
|t||t||𐍄||-||-
| <small>The Sheep and the Horses<small>
|-
|-
|d||d||𐌳||-||-
| <small>[On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.</small>
|-
|-
|k||k||𐌺||-||-
|}
|-
 
|g||g||𐌲||-||-
* [http://linguifex.com/wiki/File:IK_translation_'Story_of_Esro'_2.png "Story of Esro"] (original English text by [[User:Fiora|Rhian Davies]]). [[File:IK_translation_'Story_of_Esro'.png|250px|thumb|left|I Kronurum translation of the story of Esro (original English text by [[User:Fiora|Rhian Davies]]).]]
|-
 
|m||m||𐌼||-||-
{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|-
|n||n||𐌽||-||-
|-
|ɲ||ñ, ń, nj||𐌽𐌹||-||-
|-
|r||ŕ, rr||𐍂𐍂||-||-
|-
|ɾ||r||𐍂||-||-
|-
|f||f||𐍆||-||-
|-
|θ||þ||𐌸||-||-
|-
|ð||ð||𐍊||-||-
|-
|-
|s||s||𐍃||-||-
| {{cardosmall|Eþro· de’tru áþi dumarum· iltuŕu alanara ini. Ó osten i-ilttirum har-tró-śena man ó osten bágreþ tró śenasig ésénu ini. Harhaŕa i-kanaftórum ó osten þisten antara ini man de’tró huma som-i-anttitara ini· kan ó osten tarp-ó-págrumeþen agoraþór ialíŕaþór som-i-anttiaþór netrór man harnetrór imannaþór iþinnór jagarnturu ini. Ídi ó osten de’tró istojti man haristojti i-arattirumen hararattirumaftó. Man Eþro won haŕa lósan dumaruman antáru ini alanara ini.}}
|-
|-
|ʃ||ś||𐌶||-||-
| <small>The black fox, Esro, lay asleep. His rest is eternal, [&] his eyes forever shut. But he is awake in his heart and he dreams of the most beautiful things. Behind his eyelids is a theatre of colours and hopes and dreams, of order and chaos, of reason and faith. All of consciousness lies within his unconsciousness, mortal and immortal. So Esro lay asleep, while the other foxes awoke.</small>
|-
|h||h||𐌷||-||-
|-
|w||w||𐍅||-||-
|-
|j||j||𐌾||-||-
|-
|l||l||𐌻||-||-
|-
|ɬ||lh||𐍁||-||-
|-
|hʷ||ƕ||𐍈||-||-
|-
!colspan=5 | Vowels
|-
!IPA value||Latin letter||Gothic letter||Native orthography||Notes
|-
|ɑ||a, å||𐌰||-||The spelling ‹å› is used for instances of ‹a› which need to be pronounced as /ɑ/ but happen in positions in which the realization would be either /a/ or /ɐ/. For instance, the causative marker {{sc|caus}} ‹-a-›, which happens word-medially, would otherwise be pronounced /a/.
|-
|ɑi̯~ɐi̯~ai̯||á||𐌰𐌰||-||From an early long ''a'' vowel; AIK ‹â›, OIK ‹ā› /ɑː/, EMIK ‹ó› /ɑə̯/
|-
|i||i||𐌹||-||-
|-
|ei̯~ɛi̯||í||𐌹𐌹||-||From an early long ''i'' vowel; AIK ‹î› /ɪː/, OIK ‹ī› /ɪː/, EMIK ‹ī› /ɪi̯/
|-
|e̞||e||𐌴||-||-
|-
|ei̯~ɘi̯||é||𐌴𐌴||-||From an early long ''o'' vowel; AIK ‹ê›, OIK ‹ē› /eː/, EMIK ‹é› /eɪ̯/
|-
|o̞||o||𐍉||-||-
|-
|u̹||ó||𐍉𐍉||-||From an early long ''o'' vowel; AIK ‹ô› /ɔː/, OIK ‹ō› /oː/, EMIK ‹ó› /oʊ̯/
|-
|u||u||𐌿||-||-
|-
|}
<br>
 
=Samples=
===Sentences===
 
{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| <big>·:𐍉𐍉:𐍀𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐍉𐍂𐌽:𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍉𐍉𐍂𐌽:𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌽:·</big>
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| ‹''Ó pagrumórn, undrumórn, faŕumen''›
|-
| /ˈʔu̜ || ˈpɑ.gɾu.mu̜ɾn || {{Pipe}} || ˈʔun.dɾu.mu̜ɾn || {{Pipe}} || ˈfɑ.ru.mɘn/
|-
| ó(r) || {{lcbr}}b→p{{rcbr}}aga-rum-ór-(e)n || || unda-rum-ór-(e)n || || fara-rum-(e)n
|-
| {{sc|gen}} || tree-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen}} || || bird-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen}} || || horse-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|gen}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center"| "''of/about the tree, the bird and the horse''"
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:right"| <small>(name of a traditional tale)</small>
|-
|-
|}
|}


<!--
===Nominal declension themes===
===Conjugational paradigms===
====Consonant theme====
-->
===Other samples===


*I Kronurum has taken [[Fourth Linguifex Relay/I Kronurum|part]] in the [[Fourth Linguifex Relay]]. Text of the IK entry (translation from [[Minhast]]):


{| class="wikitable style="text-align:center; margin:3%"
|-
| ''Dafríra, ibóðr iknegór nonteþini. Tró angr sóraftó jaŕaftó jóherjoneþan. Tró jalíŕihirum ó þetren alastur. Hurman, ána, pórhaŕa tró pórja uŕójubskenis ankjurini, won tró esta angris hajana-ini. Tró śetr órusmarken ehajuri tró istojti finta rengodånere. Nog tró śéðŕó faga detŕó þar jójagrénturan.''
|-
| <small><poem> /ˈdɑf.rei̯.ɾɐ ʔi.ˈbu̜.ðɾ̩ ʔi.ˈkne̞.gu̹ɾ ˈno̞n.tɛ.ˌθi.ni/ /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ su̜ɾ.af.ˈtu̹ jɑ.raf.ˈtu̹ ju̜.he̞.ˈɾjo̞.nɛ.ˌθɐn/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈjɑ.lei̯.ŕi.hi.ɾum ˈʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾɘn ʔɑ.ˈlas.tuɾ/ /huɾ.ˈmɑn ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ ˈpu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ ˈtɾu̹ ˈpu̜.ɾjɐ ˈʔo̞.ru̹.ˌjuβs.ke̞.nis ˈʔɑn.kju.ɾi.ni/ /ˈwo̞n ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔe̞s.tɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gɾis ˈhɑ.ja.nɐ ˈʔi.ni/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃe̞.tr̩ ˈʔu̹.ɾus.maɾ.ke̞n ˈʔe.hɑ.ju.ɾi ˈtɾu̹ ʔi.ˈsto̞j.ti ˈfin.tɐ ˈre̞n ˈgo.dɑ.ne.ɾɘ/ /ˈno̞x ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃei̯.ðɾu̹ ˈfɑ.gɐ ˈde̞t.ru̹ ˈθɑɾ ju̜.jɑ.ˈgɾɛi̯n.tu.ɾɐn/ </poem>
</small>
|-
| Lord, high and strong, you who came to me in the far sea, I heed to your desire. So, to the sky-spirit. I asked him for and he gave me. You know a silver offering against death won’t protect him. That’s why yonder tree was thoroughly destroyed.
|-
|}


*[[w:Schleicher's_fable|''The sheep and the horses'', aka "Schleicher's fable"]]:[[File:Schleicher's_fable.png|250px|thumb|right|The text of ''The sheep and the horses'', aka "Schleicher's fable" in Middle I·Kronurum, transcribed in an early version of the all-capital gautification (''click on the picture to enlarge'').]]
{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|-
| ''Ór antarumen fárarumanóren''
|-
|''Jo’harkroj’anta tró báran bagråjanan, fror jóka pór: tró pro nonttinar jog keanontaran; tró dag nóntta losi kenontaran; tró ñog ríra losi tíruŕó þarkefrenaran. Feŕ antarum tró ídi fárarum kekronaran: “ikanaftórum ór angren þisten wohtarinur, as ja ríra tró báran kearånaran kebagråjur”. Feŕ ídi fárarum tró antarum kekronaran: “tr’óstr janáteþur, antarum; pórhaŕa nédor bagråjuntu, nwo haŕa jog ríra, fror frenara ini, tró ibrohir ór ídin ántanen krojarumion estarion hlajana, won, ídi ánta har ó grojan ó jóbken nontáru; wo’nog, antarum, ikanaftórum ór óstren þístenen wohtarinurtu”. Són tróðréðr gar jónátaran, won, antarum lótrumorion jarnturan.''
|-
| <small>The Sheep and the Horses<small>
|-
| <small>[On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.</small>
|-
|}


* [http://linguifex.com/wiki/File:IK_translation_'Story_of_Esro'_2.png "Story of Esro"] (original English text by [[User:Fiora|Rhian Davies]]). [[File:IK_translation_'Story_of_Esro'.png|250px|thumb|left|I Kronurum translation of the story of Esro (original English text by [[User:Fiora|Rhian Davies]]).]]


{| class="wikitable style="margin:3%"
|-
| Eþro· de’tru áþi dumarum· iltuŕu alanara ini. Ó osten i-ilttirum har-tró-śena man ó osten bágreþ tró śenasig ésénu ini. Harhaŕa i-kanaftórum ó osten þisten antara ini man de’tró huma som-i-anttitara ini· kan ó osten tarp-ó-págrumeþen agoraþór ialíŕaþór som-i-anttiaþór netrór man harnetrór imannaþór iþinnór jagarnturu ini. Ídi ó osten de’tró istojti man haristojti i-arattirumen hararattirumaftó. Man Eþro won haŕa lósan dumaruman antáru ini alanara ini.
|-
| <small>The black fox, Esro, lay asleep. His rest is eternal, [&] his eyes forever shut. But he is awake in his heart and he dreams of the most beautiful things. Behind his eyelids is a theatre of colours and hopes and dreams, of order and chaos, of reason and faith. All of consciousness lies within his unconsciousness, mortal and immortal. So Esro lay asleep, while the other foxes awoke.</small>
|-
|}
<br>
<br>
*For some conlangs I wrote up samples for a thread in the Facebook group "[https://www.facebook.com/groups/constructedlanguages/ Constructed Languages]". The task was proposed as a small game: ''"From all your conlangs, pick one word to represent the language and describe it!"'':
*For some conlangs I wrote up samples for a thread in the Facebook group "[https://www.facebook.com/groups/constructedlanguages/ Constructed Languages]". The task was proposed as a small game: ''"From all your conlangs, pick one word to represent the language and describe it!"'':
Line 3,201: Line 2,160:
! align=left|A verb:
! align=left|A verb:
|-
|-
|''gódånur''
|{{cardosmall|gódånur}}
|-
|-
|/ˈgu̜.dɑ.nuɾ/
|/ˈgu̜.dɑ.nuɾ/
Line 3,215: Line 2,174:
! align=left|A noun:
! align=left|A noun:
|-
|-
|''faltahlajrir''
|{{cardosmall|faltahlajrir}}
|-
|-
|/ˈfɑl.tɐ.ˌhlɑj.ɾiɾ/
|/ˈfɑl.tɐ.ˌhlɑj.ɾiɾ/
Line 3,229: Line 2,188:
! align=left|Something idiomatic: a double kenning
! align=left|Something idiomatic: a double kenning
|-
|-
|''markówartáþan''
|{{cardosmall|markówartáþan}}
|-
|-
|/ˈmɑɾ.kʊ.ˌwaɾ.tai̯.θɐn/
|/ˈmɑɾ.kʊ.ˌwaɾ.tai̯.θɐn/
Line 3,246: Line 2,205:
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:Yrḳuti]][[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:Yrḳuti]][[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]]
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