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|name=Middle ''I Kronurum''
|name=Middle ''I Kronurum''
|nativename=''"that which is spoken"''
|nativename=''"that which is spoken"''
|pronunciation=/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/
|pronunciation=ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum
|-
|creator=[[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolás Straccia]]
|creator=[[User:Nicolasstraccia|Nicolás Straccia]]
|setting=''Yrḳuti'' conworlding project
|setting=''Yrḳuti'' conworlding project
|-
|states=The ''Seven Marks of Ifarka'' and some exclaves under their influence
|states=The ''Marks of Ifarka'' (i-Étrir, i-Jókláran, i-Fóþrhir, [...]) and some exclaves under their influence
<!--|speakers=
<!--|speakers=
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>𐌹𐌺𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌼</big>
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>𐌹𐌺𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌼</big>
Line 22: Line 20:
|ancestor4=Old IK
|ancestor4=Old IK
|ancestor5=Early Middle I Kronurum
|ancestor5=Early Middle I Kronurum
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Gothic script|Gothic]], native
|script1 = Latn
|iso3=qkm
|script2 = Goth
|-
|clcr=qkm
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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The language known as I Kronurum (IK) is a part of the [[Northern Languages]] linguistic family, which populates the northern region of the central continent.
The language known as I Kronurum (IK) is a part of the [[Northern Languages]] linguistic family, which populates the northern region of the central continent.


Notwithstanding the several subgroups that have split from this branch at different stages, this Central Branch of the family has been studied as a continuity in which four main stages can be identified: ''Ancient IK'' (AIK), ''Old IK'' (OIK), ''Middle IK'' (MIK; together with ''Early-MIK'', EMIK) and ''Modern IK'' (MoIK; together with ''Early-MoIK'', EMoIK).
Notwithstanding the several subgroups that have split from this branch at different stages, this Central Branch of the family has been studied as a continuity in which four main stages can be identified:
 
:· ''Ancient I Kronurum'' (AIK),
 
:· ''Old I Kronurum'' (OIK),
 
:· ''Middle I Kronurum'' (MIK; together with ''Early-MIK'', EMIK) and
 
:· ''Modern I Kronurum'' (MoIK; together with ''Early-MoIK'', EMoIK).


The developmental stage presented in this article is that of ''Middle IK'' (MIK). At this stage, a group of OIK speakers has already moved westwards from the AIK speaker's cultural ''Urheimat'', which was located in the plains in the northern region of the central continent. MIK is thus the main variety spoken in the region nearby and at the shores of the northern sea.
The developmental stage presented in this article is that of ''Middle I Kronurum'' (MIK). At this stage, a group of OIK speakers has already moved westwards from the AIK speaker's cultural ''Urheimat'', which was located in the plains in the northern region of the central continent. MIK is thus the main variety spoken in the region nearby and at the shores of the northern sea.
 
 
The endonym of this region is ''Ifarka'' (/ʔi.ˈfɑɾ.kɐ/), which is translated as "The Land". It is divided at the top level in seven administrative provinces, called Marks or "defended regions" (''Igódánafáreþ'' /ʔi.ˈgu̜.dɑi̯.nɐ.ˌfɑi̯.ɾe̞θ/), which hold periodical meetings regarding whichever matters would affect the generality of the Hold.
 
:{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
| {{sc|i}} || {{sc|southmark}} <small>(south-west)</small> || ''i-Étrir'' || /ʔi.ˈʔei̯.tɾiɾ/ || style=text-align:left| „the standing“, southern mark; “Southmark”
|-
| {{sc|ii}} || {{sc|westmark}} || ''i-Jókláran'' || /ʔi.ˈju̜.klai̯.ɾɐn/ || style=text-align:left| “the fjords”, western mark; “Westermark”, “Fjordmark”
|-
| {{sc|ii}}<small>.a</small> || {{sc|northern-westmark}} || ''i-Dehráleþ'' || /ʔi.ˈde̞.hɾai̯.le̞θ/ || style=text-align:left| “the cliffed”, northern shoreside of Mark i-Jókláran.
 
The name sounds like “i-Dehláreþ”, which would mean “Bigflower”, and some would refer to it like that as a compliment or display of local pride.
|-
| {{sc|ii}}<small>.b</small> || {{sc|southern-westmark}} || ''i-Árháfr'' || /ʔi.ˈʔɑi̯ɾ.hɑi̯.fɾ̩/ || style=text-align:left| “the shorebend”, southern shoreside of Mark i-Jókláran
|-
| {{sc|iii}} || {{sc|northern-eastmark}} || ''i-Fóþrhir'' || /ʔi.ˈfu̜.θɾ̩.hiɾ/ || style=text-align:left| "the ridge", northeastern mark; “Ridgemark”
|-
| {{sc|iv}} || {{sc|southern-eastmark}} || ''i-Branárlåjn'' || /ʔi.ˈb̥ɾɑ.nɐi̯ɾ.ˌlɑi̯n/ || style=text-align:left| “longbend valley”, higher valley of the great river
|-
| {{sc|v}} || {{sc|valleybend mark}} || ''i-Þistelåjn'' || /ʔi.ˈθis.te̞.lɑi̯n/ || style=text-align:left| “mouth/gape valley”, lower valley of the great river
|-
| {{sc|vi}} || {{sc|longshore mark}} || ''i-Branháfrjók'' || /ʔi.ˈb̥ɾɑn.hai̯.ˌfɾju̜k/ || style=text-align:left| “the long beach shore(line)"
|-
| {{sc|vii}} || {{sc|islemark}} || ''i-Elugrujifjórd'' || /je̞.ˈlu.gɾu.ji.fju̜ɾd̥/ || style=text-align:left| “the grabbed/conquered port”, metonymic name for the whole Islemark
|-
|}


The endonym of this region is ''Ifarka'' (/ʔi.ˈfɑɾ.kɐ/), which is translated as "The Land". It is divided in several administrative provinces, called ''Igódánafáreþ'' (/ʔi.ˈgu̜.dɑi̯.nɐ.ˌfɑi̯.ɾe̞θ/; "Marks"), which hold periodical meetings regarding whichever matters would affect the generality of the hold.
<br/>
<br/>


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====Onset mutations====
====Onset mutations====


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible" style="margin:0 0 0 1em; float:right;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin:0 0 0 1em; float:right;"
! colspan=3 | Mutation grade
! colspan=3 | Mutation grade
|-
|-
!0||1||2
!0||1||2
|-
|-
|b- /b/~/β/ ||p- /p/ ||f- /f/
|p- /p/ ||f- /f/ ||f- /f/
|-
|b- /b/~/β/ ||ƕ- /hw/ ||p- /p/
|-
|t- /t/ ||þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|-
|d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/
|d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|-
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/ ||b- /b/~/β/
|þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/ ||d- /d/
|-
|ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/ ||þ- /θ/
|-
|k- /k/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|-
|-
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|g- /g/~/ɣ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|-
|-
|j- /j/ ||jw- /jʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||mw- /mʷ/~/w/
|-
|-
|k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/
|n- /n/ ||ñ- /ɲ/ ||ng- /ŋ/
|-
|-
|l- /l/ ||l- /l / ||lh- /ɬ/
|l- /l/ ||lh- /ɬ/ ||lh- /ɬ/
|-
|-
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||w- /w/
|s- /s/ ||ś- /ʃ/ ||ś- /ʃ/
|-
|-
|n- /n/ ||nw- /nʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|w- /w/ ||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/ || w- /w/
|-
|-
|s- /s/ ||þ- /θ/ ||ś- /ʃ/
|j- /j/ ||ś- /ʃ/ ||lh- /ɬ/
|-
|-
|t- /t/ ||d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/
|-
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/ ||p- /p/
|-
|-
|w- /w/ ||gw- /gʷ/ ||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
|}
|}


Onset mutations posit a great challenge for the diachronic analysis of I Kronurum. Since the previous stages of the language are not yet well documented, most of the information on this regard is a matter of scientific speculation.
Onset mutations posit a great challenge for the diachronic analysis of I Kronurum. As the previous stages of the language get better and better documented, scientific speculation gives way to scientific fact.


Given the data available and the currently valid synchronic analysis, they are analysed as conforming a continuum of mutation grades from 0 to 2. The 0 degree of mutation is that of the onset consonant as it appears in the citation form of the root (nominative, unmarked). A first and second degree of mutation will be triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases: the preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers the first degree of mutation. The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (ACC) and triggers the second degree of mutation. Thus the mutations of ‹d› /d/, ‹ð› /ð/ and ‹þ› /θ/, are considered part of a continuum as in the example below.
Given the data available and the currently valid synchronic analysis, they are presented for pedagogical ends as conforming a continuum of mutation grades from 0 to 2. The 0 degree of mutation is that of the onset consonant as it appears in the citation form of the root (nominative, unmarked). A first and second degree of mutation is perceived as being triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases: the preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and 'triggers' the first degree of mutation. The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (ACC) and 'triggers' the second degree of mutation. Thus the mutations of ‹k› /k/, ‹h› /h/ and ‹g› /g/, are considered part of a continuum as in the example below.


Eg. ''duma'' {fox:{{sc|nom}}}, ''ó ðumen'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|gen}} fox-{{sc|gen}}{{rcbr}}, ''tró þuma'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|acc}} fox:{{sc|acc}}{{rcbr}}
Eg. ''kramo'' {crow:{{sc|nom}}}, ''ó hramen'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|gen}} crow-{{sc|gen}}{{rcbr}}, ''tró gramo'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|acc}} crow:{{sc|acc}}{{rcbr}}
 
Some of the occurring phenomena are nasalization, labialization, palatalization, velarization, fricativization, voicing and devoicing.


===Phonotaxis===
===Phonotaxis===
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These are some situations where sandhi rules apply. Generalized rules to follow.
These are some situations where sandhi rules apply. Generalized rules to follow.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! Sandhi || Example
|-
|-
| -/ren/-/rin/ → -/relin/, -/ro/-/rion/ → -/rolion/ || ash-coloured, grey ''agoróśigrelin'' {agor-ó-śigren-rin} → {agor-ó-śigrelin}
| -/ren/-/rin/ → -/relin/, -/ro/-/rion/ → -/rolion/ || ash-coloured, grey ''agoróśigrelin'' {agor-ó-śigren-rin} → {agor-ó-śigrelin}
|-
|-
| jw+u- /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] || sky ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/ ; of the sky ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/
<!-- | jw+u- /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] || sky ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/ ; of the sky ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/ -->
|-
|-
| -/u̜.j/- → -/ui̯/- || fish ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.) ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/
| -/u̜.j/- → -/ui̯/- || fish ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.) ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/
|-
|-
| -/m/·/b/- → -/mb̥/- || small animal ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/
| -/m/·/b/- → -/mb̥/- || small animal ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/
|-
| /bl/- → -/b̥l/ || blód /ˈb̥lu̹d̥/
|-
|-
| -/Vg/·/l/- → -/Vg̊l/- || portion, part, section ''abágli'' / ˈʔɑ.bai̯.g̊li /
| -/Vg/·/l/- → -/Vg̊l/- || portion, part, section ''abágli'' / ˈʔɑ.bai̯.g̊li /
Line 321: Line 364:
| -/t/·/n/- → -/d/- || In the case of the attenuative infix ‹t›, e.g.:
| -/t/·/n/- → -/d/- || In the case of the attenuative infix ‹t›, e.g.:
to work, to labour ''hénur'' /ˈhei̯.nuɾ/ → to do chores ''hé·t·nur'' > ''hédur'' /ˈhei̯.duɾ/
to work, to labour ''hénur'' /ˈhei̯.nuɾ/ → to do chores ''hé·t·nur'' > ''hédur'' /ˈhei̯.duɾ/
|-
| -n-t- → -nd̥- || won-tró-ƕartagra → wondróƕarta [ˈwo̞n.d̥ɾu̹.ˌhʷɐɾ.tɐ]
|-
|-
| /lu/-/wa/- → /ˈlu.ʔa/- || to strike, to hit ''waŕtur'' /ˈwɑr.tuɾ/ → to beat ''lu·waŕtur'' > ''luaŕtur'' /ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ/
| /lu/-/wa/- → /ˈlu.ʔa/- || to strike, to hit ''waŕtur'' /ˈwɑr.tuɾ/ → to beat ''lu·waŕtur'' > ''luaŕtur'' /ˈlu.ʔar.tuɾ/
|-
| /θVθ/→/θVt/ || <jóneþóþanen>→<jóneþótanen>
|-
| -/θ/·/k/- → -/θː/- || noþþánur (< noþ-kánur)
|-
| -/ɾ/·/r/- → -/r/- || ar-ŕó /ˈʔɑɾ/+/ˈru̹/ → ''aŕó'' /ʔɑ.ˈru̹/ emptily (empty-ADV)
|-
| larnnirin → larnirin || -nn- → -n- when ADJZ is added (word is longer)
|-
| -/_.ris/-/ris/- → -/_rissis/ || lexicalized+DAT-DAT
[dafríra-rírahiŕis]-ris → [dafríra-rírahiŕissis]
|-
| -/_.ris/-/rum/- → -/_rissum/ || lexicalized+DAT-DET
[dafríra-rírahiŕis]-rum → [dafríra-rírahiŕisum]
|-
| -/rin/-/rum/ → -/rinnum/ || -ADJZ-DET
|-
|-
|}
|}
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====Verb conjugation paradigms====
====Verb conjugation paradigms====


There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes ({{sc|i}}, {{sc|ii}}, {{sc|iii}}, {{sc|iv}} and {{sc|v}}).
There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes:


While the table could be less redundant, it is meant to aid in the search for the correct suffix, thus presenting all forms already in the manner in which they should be applied.
:{{sc|i}} ''-nur'',


The first vowels in the roots marked as "√´-" (i.e., "root+acute accent") undergo ''umlaut'' (e.g. ''kronur'' /ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.ind.act}} → ''krónur'' /ˈkɾu̹.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.subj.act}}).
:{{sc|ii}} ''-tur'',


====={{sc|i}}. ''-nur''=====
::{{sc|ii}}<small>.a</small> ''-dur'',


:Mostly verbs of movement.
:{{sc|iii}} ''-rur'',


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
:{{sc|iv}} ''-jur'',
 
:{{sc|v}} ''-kur''.
 
The following table displays a collapsed view of the morphemic structures involved, grouping identical elements together:
 
{|
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
|
 
|
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
|}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
 
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
For detailed tables of each paradigm see [[I_Kronurum_verb_conjugation_paradigms|here]].
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
 
====Verbal aspect markers====
 
Almost all verbal aspect markers are prefixed to the root. Only the attenuative aspect marker {{sc|atten}} is infixed between the root and the declension suffix (in this cases, sandhi rules may apply to it).
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| {{sc|aspect}}
! {{sc|passive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|marker}}
! {{sc|active}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|theme}}
! {{sc|passive}}
! rowspan="2"| Notes
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! {{sc|consonant}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
! {{sc|vowel}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-nura
| þar √-nura
| ë-nura
| þar √´-nura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| Continuous
| √-neþan
| {{sc|cont}}
| þar √-neþan
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"| Ø- (unmarked)
| √´-neþan
| ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur›, ''I’m speaking Ikronurum''
| þar √´-neþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-naran
| þar √-naran
| ë-naran
| þar √´-naran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| Gnomic
| √-nera
| {{sc|gnom}}
| þar √-nera
| [conjugated verb] ini
| ë-nera
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /ˈʔi.ni/
| þar √´-nera
| (postposition) ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur ini›, ''I speak Ikronurum''
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| Perfect
| √-nturan
| {{sc|perf}}
| þar √-nturan
| style="text-align:center"| j(ó)-
| ë-nturan
| style="text-align:center"| /ju̹.ˈ/-
| þar √´-nturan
| style="text-align:center"| /ˈjV/-
| Vowel theme: ‹j-›; consonant theme: ‹jó-› <!--Auxiliar particle:-->
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| Imperfect
| {{sc|imp}}
| style="text-align:center"| ke-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈʔ/-
| Vowel theme: there’s a glottal stop before the root-vowel.
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| Intensive1
| √-nurtan
| {{sc|int1}}
| þar √-nurtan
| style="text-align:center"| ja(g)-
| ë-nurtan
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /jɑˈɣ/-
| þar √´-nurtan
| Movement: to.walk → to.parade
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| Intensive2
| √-néþan
| {{sc|int2}}
| þar √-néþan
| style="text-align:center"| a(l)-
| √´-néþan
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈ/
| þar √´-néþan
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈlV/
|-
| Abstract: to.wish → to.hope
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-náran
| þar √-náran
| √´-náran
| þar √´-náran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| Attenuative
| √-néren
| {{sc|atten}}
| þar √-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -(e)t-
| √´-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -/ɘt/-
| þar √´-néren
| style="text-align:center"| -/t/-
| (infix) to.water → to.sprinkle(with water)
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
|}
| √-nturan
 
| þar √-nturan
 
| ë-nturan
====Particles and affixes====
| þar √´-nturan
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
| {{sc|pvm}} || Passive voice marker || þar || /ˈθɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||  
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-nur
| þar √-nur
| ë-nur
| þar √´-nur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| {{sc|aux}} || Auxiliar particle || gar || /ˈgɑɾ/ || particle/preposition || "composite" verbs: „gesagt haben“, «gar ekronuri»
| √-neþ
| þar √-neþ
| √´-neþ
| þar √´-neþ
| √-neþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| {{sc|hort}} || Hortative particle || heŕan || /ˈhe̞.rɐn/ || particle/preposition || [HORT]+[pers.pron.+DAT]+[verb]
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-nara
| þar √-nara
| ë-nara
| þar √´-nara
| rowspan="3"| √-niri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| {{sc|neg}} || Negation of an action || ren || /ˈre̞n/ || particle/preposition || (it won’t x, it doesn’t x)
| √-nere
| þar √-nere
| ë-nere
| þar √´-nere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| {{sc|caus}} || Causative || -a- || -/ɑ/- || affix || Derives a causative verb from a noun after the template [noun.root]-{{sc|caus}}-[verb.declension]
| √-ntur
''nimr'' water; ''nimrajur'' to.make.moist,to.water (a plant,etc)
| þar √-ntur
| ë-ntur
| þar √´-ntur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|}
 
===Numerals and quantifiers===
 
====Numerals====
 
The I Kronurum numeral system is decimal (base ten).
 
The word “number”, ''ihámunna'' /ʔi.ˈhɑi̯.mu.nːɐ/, is the nominalized present participle form of the verb ''hamur'', “to count”.
 
=====Cardinals=====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
! Morphology || < > || // ||  
| √-nurtu
| þar √-nurtu
| ë-nurtu
| þar √´-nurtu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || harna || ˈhɑɾ.nɐ || no, none; 0, cero (from harnara, nothing)
| √-néþu
| þar √-néþu
| √´-néþu
| þar √´-néþu
| √-néþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || jog || ˈjo̞x || 01, one
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-náru
| þar √-náru
| √´-náru
| þar √´-náru
| rowspan="3"| √-níri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || nor || ˈno̞ɾ || 02, two
| √-nére
| þar √-nére
| √´-nére
| þar √´-nére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ana, an- || ˈʔɑ.nɐ || 03, three
| √-nturu
| þar √-nturu
| ë-nturu
| þar √´-nturu
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ittag, itt- || ˈʔi.tːɐx || 04, four
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sur
| þar √-sur
| ë-sur
| þar √´-sur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || lur || ˈluɾ || 05, five
| √-set
| þar √-set
| ë-set
| þar √´-set
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || fit || ˈfit || 06, six
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sar
| þar √-sar
| ë-sar
| þar √´-sar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || éþi, éþ- || ˈʔei̯.θil || 07, seven
| √-ser
| þar √-ser
| ë-ser
| þar √´-ser
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || heltr, helt- || ˈhe̞l.tɾ̩ || 08, eight
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || usto, ust- || ˈʔus.to̞ || 09, nine
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #676767;"| || hór || ˈhu̜ɾ || 10, ten
| √-su
| þar √-su
| ë-su
| þar √´-su
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jog || hórjog || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞x || 11, eleven
| √-sétur
| þar √-sétur
| √´-sétur
| þar √´-sétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-nor || hórnor || ˈhu̜ɾ.no̞ɾ || 12, twelve
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sárur
| þar √-sárur
| √´-sárur
| þar √´-sárur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-ana || hórana || ˈhu̜.ɾa.nɐ || 13, thirteen
| √-séru
| þar √-séru
| √´-séru
| þar √´-séru
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-ittag || hórittag || ˈhu̜.ɾi.tːɐx || 14, fourteen
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-lur || hólur || ˈhu̜ɾ.luɾ || 15, fifteen
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-fit || hórfit || ˈhu̜ɾ.fit || 16, sixteen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-nni
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-éþil || hóréþil || ˈhu̜ɾ.ei̯.θil || 17, seventeen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-nuri
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-heltr || hórjoltr || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞l.tɾ̩ || 18, eighteen
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-nna
|-
|-
|}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-usto || hórjosto || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s.to̞ || 19, nineteen
 
====={{sc|ii}}. ''-tur''=====
 
:Mostly stative verbs.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-nor-r || jor || ˈjo̞ɾ || 20, twenty
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jor || jogór-jor || ˈjo̞.gu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 21, twenty-one (one-and-twenty)
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| nor-ór-jor || norór-jor || ˈno̞.ɾu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 22, twenty-two (two-and-twenty)
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| an-ór-jor || anór-jor || ˈʔɑ.nu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 23, twenty-three (three-and-twenty)
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-tura
| þar √-tura
| ë-tura
| þar √´-tura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| itt-ór-jor || ittór-jor || ˈʔi.tːu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 24, twenty-four (four-and-twenty)
| √-teþan
| þar √-teþan
| √´-teþan
| þar √´-teþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| lur-ór-jor || lurór-jor || ˈlu.ɾu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 25, twenty-five (five-and-twenty)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-taran
| þar √-taran
| ë-taran
| þar √´-taran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| fit-ór-jor || fitór-jor || ˈfi.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 26, twenty-six (six-and-twenty)
| √-tera
| þar √-tera
| ë-tera
| þar √´-tera
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| éþ-ór-jor || éþór-jor || ˈʔei̯.θu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 27, twenty-seven (seven-and-twenty)
| √-turan
| þar √-turan
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| helt-ór-jor || heltór-jor || ˈhe̞l.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 28, twenty-eight (eight-and-twenty)
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| ust-ór-jor || ustór-jor || ˈʔus.tu̹.ɾio̯ɾ || 29, twenty-nine (nine-and-twenty)
| √-turtan
| þar √-turtan
| ë-turtan
| þar √´-turtan
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ana-r || jonr || ˈjo̞.nɾ̩ || 30, thirty
| √-téþan
| þar √-téþan
| √´-téþan
| þar √´-téþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jonr || jogór-jonr || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.nɾ̩ || 31, thirty-one (one-and-thirty)
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-táran
| þar √-táran
| √´-táran
| þar √´-táran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ittag-r || jottar || ˈjo̞.tːɐɾ || 40, forty
| √-téren
| þar √-téren
| √´-téren
| þar √´-téren
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jottar || jogór-jottar || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.tːɐɾ || 41, forty-one (one-and-fourty)
| √-ðuran
| þar √-ðuran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-lur-r || jolur || ˈjo̞.luɾ || 50, fifty
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-tur
| þar √-tur
| ë-tur
| þar √´-tur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolur || jogór-jolur || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.luɾ || 51, fifty-one (one-and-fifty)
| √-teþ
| þar √-teþ
| √´-teþ
| þar √´-teþ
| √-teþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-fit-r || jofir || ˈjo̞.fiɾ || 60, sixty
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-tara
| þar √-tara
| ë-tara
| þar √´-tara
| rowspan="3"| √-tiri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jofir || jogór-jofir || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.fiɾ || 61, sixty-one (one-and-sixty)
| √-tere
| þar √-tere
| ë-tere
| þar √´-tere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-éþi-r || joþr || ˈjo̞.θɾ̩ || 70, seventy
| √-ttur
| þar √-ttur
| √´-ður
| þar √´-ttur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joþr || jogór-joþr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.θɾ̩ || 71, seventy-one (one-and-seventy)
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-helt-r || joltr || ˈjo̞l.tɾ̩ || 80, eighty
| √-turtu
| þar √-turtu
| ë-turtu
| þar √´-turtu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joltr || jogór-joltr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞l.tɾ̩ || 81, eighty-one (one-and-eighty)
| √-téþu
| þar √-téþu
| √´-téþu
| þar √´-téþu
| √-téþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ust-r || jostr || ˈjo̞s.tɾ̩ || 90, ninety
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-táru
| þar √-táru
| √´-táru
| þar √´-táru
| rowspan="3"| √-tíri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jostr || jogór-jostr || ˈjo̞.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞s.tɾ̩ || 91, ninety-one (one-and-ninety)
| √-tére
| þar √-tére
| √´-tére
| þar √´-tére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
|}
| √-turu
 
| þar √-ðuru
=====Ordinals=====
| √´-ðuru
 
| þar √´-ðuru
The ordinal form of a number is formed with the ordinal suffix ''-(j)os'' (derived from the superlative affix ''-jós''), with the form ''-os'' after plosives and fricatives and ''-jos'' after nasals and rhotics.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
! Morphology || < > || // ||  
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || harna || ˈhɑɾ.nɐ || no, none; 0, cero (from harnara, nothing)
| √-þet
| þar √-þet
| √´-þet
| þar √´-þet
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || jogos || ˈjo̞.go̞s || 01, first
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þar
| þar √-þa
| √´-þar
| þar √´-þar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || norjos || ˈno̞ɾ.jo̞s || 02, second
| √-þer
| þar √-þer
| √´-þer
| þar √´-þer
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || anjos || ˈʔɑ.ɲo̞s || 03, third
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ittos || ˈʔi.tːo̞s || 04, fourth
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #676767;"| || lurjos || ˈluɾ.jo̞s || 05, fifth
| √-þu
| þar √-þu
| √´-þu
| þar √´-þu
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #676767;"| || fitos || ˈfi.to̞s || 06, sixth
| √-þétur
| þar √-þétur
| √´-þétur
| þar √´-þétur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #676767;"| || éþos || ˈʔei̯.θo̞s || 07, seventh
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þárur
| þar √-þárur
| √´-þárur
| þar √´-þárur
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || heltos || ˈhe̞l.to̞s || 08, eighth
| √-þéru
| þar √-þéru
| √´-þéru
| þar √´-þéru
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || ustos || ˈʔus.to̞s || 09, ninth
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
| style="background: #676767;"| || hórjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s || 10, tenth
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jog-(j)os || hórjogos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞.go̞s || 11, eleventh
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-tti
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-nor-(j)os || hórnorjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.no̞ɾ.jo̞s || 12, twelveth
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-turi
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-an-(j)os || hóranjos || ˈhu̜.ɾa.ɲo̞s || 13, thirteenth
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-tta
|-
|-
|}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-itt-(j)os || hórittos || ˈhu̜.ɾi.tːo̞s || 14, fourteenth
 
====={{sc|ii}}a. ''-dur''=====
 
:Attenuated verbs of the first class (''-t·nur'' → ''-dur'') are conjugated by analogy after the conjugation of the second class (''-tur'').
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-lur-(j)os || hólurjos || ˈhu̜ɾ.luɾ.jo̞s || 15, fifteenth
|-
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-fit-(j)os || hórfitos || ˈhu̜ɾ.fi.to̞s || 16, sixteenth
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
|-
! {{sc|active}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-éþ-(j)os || hóréþos || ˈhu̜ɾ.ei̯.θo̞s || 17, seventeenth
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jolt-(j)os || hórjoltos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞l.to̞s || 18, eighteenth
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-dura
| þar √-dura
| ë-dura
| þar √´-dura
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| hór-jost-(j)os || hórjostos || ˈhu̜ɾ.jo̞s.to̞s || 19, nineteenth
| √-deþan
| þar √-deþan
| √´-deþan
| þar √´-deþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jor-(j)os || jorjos || ˈjo̞ɾ.jo̞s || 20, twentieth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-daran
| þar √-daran
| ë-daran
| þar √´-daran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jor-(j)os || jogór-jorjos || ˈjo.gu̹.ɾio̯s || 21, twenty-first
| √-dera
| þar √-dera
| ë-dera
| þar √´-dera
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| nor-ór-jor-(j)os || norór-jorjos || ˈno̞.ɾu̹.ɾio̯s || 22, twenty-second
| √-duran
| þar √-dduran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| an-ór-jor-(j)os || anór-jorjos || ˈʔɑ.nu̹.ɾio̯s || 23, twenty-third
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| itt-ór-jor-(j)os || ittór-jorjos || ˈʔi.tːu̹.ɾio̯s || 24, twenty-fourth
| √-durtan
| þar √-durtan
| ë-durtan
| þar √´-durtan
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| lur-ór-jor-(j)os || lurór-jorjos || ˈlu.ɾu̹.ɾio̯s || 25, twenty-fifth
| √-déþan
| þar √-déþan
| √´-déþan
| þar √´-déþan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| fit-ór-jor-(j)os || fitór-jorjos || ˈfi.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 26, twenty-sixth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dáran
| þar √-dáran
| √´-dáran
| þar √´-dáran
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| éþ-ór-jor-(j)os || éþór-jorjos || ˈʔei̯.θu̹.ɾio̯s || 27, twenty-seventh
| √-déren
| þar √-déren
| √´-déren
| þar √´-déren
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| helt-ór-jor-(j)os || heltór-jorjos || ˈhe̞l.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 28, twenty-eighth
| √-ðuran
| þar √-ðuran
| √´-ðuran
| þar √´-ðuran
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| ust-ór-jor-(j)os || ustór-jorjos || ˈʔus.tu̹.ɾio̯s || 29, twenty-ninth
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-dur
| þar √-dur
| ë-dur
| þar √´-dur
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jonar-(j)os || jonarjos || ˈjo̞.na.ɾio̯s || 30, thirtieth
| √-deþ
| þar √-deþ
| √´-deþ
| þar √´-deþ
| √-deþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jonar-(j)os || jogór-jonarjos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.na.ɾio̯s || 31, thirty-first
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dara
| þar √-dara
| ë-dara
| þar √´-dara
| rowspan="3"| √-diri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jottag-(j)os || jottagos || ˈjo̞.tːa.go̯s || 40, fortieth
| √-dere
| þar √-dere
| ë-dere
| þar √´-dere
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jottag-(j)os || jogór-jottagos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.tːa.go̯s || 41, forty-first
| √-ddur
| þar √-ddur
| √´-ður
| þar √´-ddur
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jolur-(j)os || jolurjos || ˈjo̞.lu.ɾio̯s || 50, fiftieth
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolur-(j)os || jogór-jolurjos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.lu.ɾio̯s || 51, fifty-first
| √-durtu
| þar √-durtu
| ë-durtu
| þar √´-durtu
| n/a
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jofit-(j)os || jofitos || ˈjo̞.fi.to̯s || 60, sixtieth
| √-déþu
| þar √-déþu
| √´-déþu
| þar √´-déþu
| √-déþur
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jofit-(j)os || jogór-jofitos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.fi.to̯s || 61, sixty-first
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-dáru
| þar √-dáru
| √´-dáru
| þar √´-dáru
| rowspan="3"| √-díri
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| joþ-(j)os || joþos || ˈjo̞.θo̯s || 70, seventieth
| √-dére
| þar √-dére
| √´-dére
| þar √´-dére
|-
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-joþ-(j)os || jogór-joþos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞.θo̯s || 71, seventy-first
| √-duru
| þar √-ðuru
| √´-ðuru
| þar √´-ðuru
|-
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jolt-(j)os || joltos || ˈjo̞l.to̯s || 80, eightieth
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-  
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jolt-(j)os || jogór-joltos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞l.to̯s || 81, eighty-first
| √-þet
| þar √-þet
| √´-þet
| þar √´-þet
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jost-(j)os || jostos || ˈjo̞s.to̞s || 90, ninetieth
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þar
| þar √-þa
| √´-þar
| þar √´-þar
|-
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| style="background: #D3D3D3;"| jog-ór-jost-(j)os || jogór-jostos || ˈjo.gu̹ɾ.ˌjo̞s.to̞s || 91, ninety-first
| √-þer
| þar √-þer
| √´-þer
| þar √´-þer
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-þu
| þar √-þu
| √´-þu
| þar √´-þu
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-þétur
| þar √-þétur
| √´-þétur
| þar √´-þétur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-þárur
| þar √-þárur
| √´-þárur
| þar √´-þárur
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-þéru
| þar √-þéru
| √´-þéru
| þar √´-þéru
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þurtu
| þar √-þurtu
| √´-þurtu
| þar √´-þurtu
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-ddi
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-duri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-dda
|-
|-
|}
|}


====={{sc|iii}}. ''-rur''=====
=====Multiples=====
 
· '''n-times''' → '''numeral+ADV'''
 
“in the manner of something which is n-times”. E.g. ''jog'', one - ''joguŕó'', simple (“in the manner of something which is one time”); ''nor'', two - ''noruŕó'', double; ''anaŕó'', triple; ''ittaguŕó'', quadruple;
 
· '''n-times''' → '''NLZ+numeral+ADV'''
 
“in the manner of something which is n-times”. E.g. ''jog'', one - ''ijoguŕó'', once(“in the manner of something which is one time”); ''nor'', two - ''inoruŕó'', twice; ''janaŕó'', thrice; ''jittaguŕó'', four times; etc.


:[...]
====Quantifiers====


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
===Marking hierarchy===
|-
 
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
====Nouns====
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-runa
| þar √-runa
| ë-runa
| þar √´-runa
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-reþan
| þar √-reþan
| √´-reþan
| þar √´-reþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-ranan
| þar √-ranan
| ë-ranan
| þar √´-ranan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-rena
| þar √-rena
| ë-rena
| þar √´-rena
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rtunan
| þar √-rtunan
| ë-rtunan
| þar √´-rtunan
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-runtan
| þar √-runtan
| ë-runtan
| þar √´-runtan
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-réþan
| þar √-réþan
| √´-réþan
| þar √´-réþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-ránan
| þar √-ránan
| √´-ránan
| þar √´-ránan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-rénen
| þar √-rénen
| √´-rénen
| þar √´-rénen
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rtunan
| þar √-rtunan
| ë-rtunan
| þar √´-rtunan
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-rur
| þar √-rur
| ë-rur
| þar √´-rur
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-reþ
| þar √-reþ
| √´-reþ
| þar √´-reþ
| √-reþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-rana
| þar √-rana
| ë-rana
| þar √´-rana
| rowspan="3"| √-rini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-rene
| þar √-rene
| ë-rene
| þar √´-rene
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rtur
| þar √-rtur
| ë-rtur
| þar √´-rtur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-runtu
| þar √-runtu
| ë-runtu
| þar √´-runtu
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-réþu
| þar √-réþu
| √´-réþu
| þar √´-réþu
| √-réþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-ránu
| þar √-ránu
| √´-ránu
| þar √´-ránu
| rowspan="3"| √-ríni
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-réne
| þar √-réne
| √´-réne
| þar √´-réne
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-rturu
| þar √-rturu
| ë-rturu
| þar √´-rturu
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sur
| þar √-sur
| ë-sur
| þar √´-sur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-set
| þar √-set
| ë-set
| þar √´-set
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sar
| þar √-sar
| ë-sar
| þar √´-sar
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-ser
| þar √-ser
| ë-ser
| þar √´-ser
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þur
| þar √-þur
| √´-þur
| þar √´-þur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-su
| þar √-su
| ë-su
| þar √´-su
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-sétur
| þar √-sétur
| √´-sétur
| þar √´-sétur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sánur
| þar √-sánur
| √´-sánur
| þar √´-sánur
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-sénu
| þar √-sénu
| √´-sénu
| þar √´-sénu
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-þuntu
| þar √-þuntu
| √´-þuntu
| þar √´-þuntu
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-ŕí
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-ruri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ŕa
|-
|}
 
====={{sc|iv}}. ''-jur''=====


:Mostly verbs of some abstraction (e.g. derived causative verbs).
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-juna
| þar √-juna
| ë-juna
| þar √´-juna
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-jeþan
| þar √-jeþan
| √´-jeþan
| þar √´-jeþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-janan
| þar √-janan
| ë-janan
| þar √´-janan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-jena
| þar √-jena
| ë-jena
| þar √´-jena
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-jtunan
| þar √-jtunan
| ë-jtunan
| þar √´-jtunan
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-juntan
| þar √-juntan
| ë-juntan
| þar √´-juntan
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-jéþan
| þar √-jéþan
| √´-jéþan
| þar √´-jéþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jánan
| þar √-jánan
| √´-jánan
| þar √´-jánan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-jénen
| þar √-jénen
| √´-jénen
| þar √´-jénen
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-jtunan
| þar √-jtunan
| ë-jtunan
| þar √´-jtunan
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-jur
| þar √-jur
| ë-jur
| þar √´-jur
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-jeþ
| þar √-jeþ
| √´-jeþ
| þar √´-jeþ
| √-jeþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jana
| þar √-jana
| ë-jana
| þar √´-jana
| rowspan="3"| √-jini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-jene
| þar √-jene
| ë-jene
| þar √´-jene
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-jtur
| þar √-jtur
| ë-jtur
| þar √´-jtur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-juntu
| þar √-juntu
| ë-juntu
| þar √´-juntu
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-jéþu
| þar √-jéþu
| √´-jéþu
| þar √´-jéþu
| √-jéþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-jánu
| þar √-jánu
| √´-jánu
| þar √´-jánu
| rowspan="3"| √-jini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-jéne
| þar √-jéne
| √´-jéne
| þar √´-jéne
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-jturu
| þar √-jturu
| ë-jturu
| þar √´-jturu
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sjur
| þar √-sjur
| ë-sjur
| þar √´-sjur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-sjet
| þar √-sjet
| ë-sjet
| þar √´-sjet
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sjar
| þar √-sjar
| ë-sjar
| þar √´-sjar
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-sjer
| þar √-sjer
| ë-sjer
| þar √´-sjer
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-śur
| þar √-śur
| √´-śur
| þar √´-śur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sju
| þar √-sju
| ë-sju
| þar √´-sju
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-sjétur
| þar √-sjétur
| √´-sjétur
| þar √´-sjétur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-sjánur
| þar √-sjánur
| √´-sjánur
| þar √´-sjánur
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-sjénu
| þar √-sjénu
| √´-sjénu
| þar √´-sjénu
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-śunt
| þar √-śuntu
| √´-śuntu
| þar √´-śuntu
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-jti
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-juri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ja
|-
|}
 
====={{sc|v}}. ''-kur''=====
 
:[...]
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| {{sc|indicative}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|subjunctive}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|imperative}}
|-
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
! {{sc|active}}
! {{sc|passive}}
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|past}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kuna
| þar √-kuna
| ë-kuna
| þar √´-kuna
| rowspan="11"| n/a <!-- column for **"past imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-keþan
| þar √-keþan
| √´-keþan
| þar √´-keþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-kanan
| þar √-kanan
| ë-kanan
| þar √´-kanan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-kena
| þar √-kena
| ë-kena
| þar √´-kena
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-kkunan
| þar √-kkunan
| ë-kkunan
| þar √´-kkunan
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kuntan
| þar √-kuntan
| ë-kuntan
| þar √´-kuntan
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-kéþan
| þar √-kéþan
| √´-kéþan
| þar √´-kéþan
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-kánan
| þar √-kánan
| √´-kánan
| þar √´-kánan
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-kénen
| þar √-kénen
| √´-kénen
| þar √´-kénen
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-kkuna
| þar √-kkuna
| ë-kkuna
| þar √´-kkuna
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|present}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kur
| þar √-kur
| ë-kur
| þar √´-kur
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-keþ
| þar √-keþ
| √´-keþ
| þar √´-keþ
| √-keþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-kana
| þar √-kana
| ë-kana
| þar √´-kana
| rowspan="3"| √-kini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-kene
| þar √-kene
| ë-kene
| þar √´-kene
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-kkur
| þar √-kkur
| ë-kkur
| þar √´-kkur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-kuntu
| þar √-kuntu
| ë-kuntu
| þar √´-kuntu
| n/a
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-kéþu
| þar √-kéþu
| √´-kéþu
| þar √´-kéþu
| √-kéþur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-kánu
| þar √-kánu
| √´-kánu
| þar √´-kánu
| rowspan="3"| √-kini
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-kéne
| þar √-kéne
| √´-kéne
| þar √´-kéne
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-kkuru
| þar √-kkuru
| ë-kkuru
| þar √´-kkuru
|-
! rowspan="12"| {{sc|future}}
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|singular}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-skur
| þar √-skur
| ë-skur
| þar √´-skur
| rowspan="11"|n/a <!-- column for **"future imperative" -->
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-sket
| þar √-sket
| ë-sket
| þar √´-sket
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-skar
| þar √-skar
| ë-skar
| þar √´-skar
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-sker
| þar √-sker
| ë-sker
| þar √´-sker
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-hur
| þar √-hur
| ë-hur
| þar √´-hur
|-
! rowspan="6"| {{sc|plural}}
|-
! colspan="2"| 1
| √-sku
| þar √-sku
| ë-sku
| þar √´-sku
|-
! colspan="2"| 2
| √-skétur
| þar √-skétur
| √´-skétur
| þar √´-skétur
|-
! rowspan="3"| 3
! {{sc|anim}}
| √-skánur
| þar √-skánur
| √´-skánur
| þar √´-skánur
|-
! {{sc|inan}}
| √-skénu
| þar √-skénu
| √´-skénu
| þar √´-skénu
|-
! {{sc|ind}}
| √-hunt
| þar √-huntu
| ë-huntu
| þar √´-huntu
|-
! colspan="9"| {{sc|non-finite forms}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|infinitive}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √-kki
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|past participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| e(n)-√-kuri
|-
! colspan="4"| {{sc|present participle}}
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:left;"| √´-ka
|-
|}
 
====Verbal aspect markers====
 
Almost all verbal aspect markers are prefixed to the root. Only the attenuative aspect marker {{sc|atten}} is infixed between the root and the declension suffix (in this cases, sandhi rules may apply to it).
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| {{sc|aspect}}
! rowspan="2"| {{sc|marker}}
! colspan="2"| {{sc|theme}}
! rowspan="2"| Notes
|-
! {{sc|consonant}}
! {{sc|vowel}}
|-
| Continuous
| {{sc|cont}}
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center"| Ø- (unmarked)
| ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur›, ''I’m speaking Ikronurum''
|-
| Gnomic
| {{sc|gnom}}
| [conjugated verb] ini
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /ˈʔi.ni/
| (postposition) ‹Ikronurum (angr) kronur ini›, ''I speak Ikronurum''
|-
| Perfect
| {{sc|perf}}
| style="text-align:center"| j(ó)-
| style="text-align:center"| /ju̹.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ˈjV/-
| Vowel theme: ‹j-›; consonant theme: ‹jó-› <!--Auxiliar particle:-->
|-
| Imperfect
| {{sc|imp}}
| style="text-align:center"| ke-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈ/-
| style="text-align:center"| /ke̞.ˈʔ/-
| Vowel theme: there’s a glottal stop before the root-vowel.
|-
| Intensive1
| {{sc|int1}}
| style="text-align:center"| ja(g)-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| /jɑˈɣ/-
| Movement: to.walk → to.parade
|-
|-
| Intensive2
! -1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4
| {{sc|int2}}
| style="text-align:center"| a(l)-
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈ/
| style="text-align:center"| /ʔɑ.ˈlV/
| Abstract: to.wish → to.hope
|-
|-
| Attenuative
| case governing particle: {{sc|gen}}, {{sc|acc}} || √{{sc|noun}} || {{sc|det}} || {{sc|pl}}, {{sc|dim}}, {{sc|augm}} || {{sc|and}} || grammatical case ({{sc|nom}}, {{sc|gen}}, {{sc|acc}}, {{sc|dat}}, {{sc|inst}}, {{sc|loc}}, {{sc|all}}), {{sc|advm}}
| {{sc|atten}}
| style="text-align:center"| -(e)t-
| style="text-align:center"| -/ɘt/-
| style="text-align:center"| -/t/-
| (infix) to.water → to.sprinkle(with water)
|-
|-
|}
|}


====Verbs====


====Particles and affixes====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center"
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible"
! colspan=2 | Function !! colspan=3 | Marker !! Notes
|-
| {{sc|pvm}} || Passive voice marker || þar || /ˈθɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||
|-
|-
| {{sc|aux}} || Auxiliar particle || gar || /ˈgɑɾ/ || particle/preposition ||  "composite" verbs: „gesagt haben“, «gar ekronuri»
! -2 || -1 || 0 || colspan=2 | 1 || 2
|-
|-
| {{sc|hort}} || Hortative particle || heŕan || /ˈhe̞.rɐn/ || particle/preposition || [HORT]+[pers.pron.+DAT]+[verb]
| passive voice marker particle || aspect marker affix: intensive(1,2); imperfect, perfect || √{{sc|root}} || aspect marker affix: attenuative || conjugation affix for person, number, and mood || aspect marker particle
|-
| {{sc|neg}} || Negation of an action || ren || /ˈre̞n/ || particle/preposition || (it won’t x, it doesn’t x)
|-
| {{sc|caus}} || Causative || -a- || -/ɑ/- || affix || Derives a causative verb from a noun after the template [noun.root]-{{sc|caus}}-[verb.declension]
''nimr'' water; ''nimrajur'' to.make.moist,to.water (a plant,etc)
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Marking hierarchy===


===Derivational morphology===
===Derivational morphology===
Line 2,367: Line 1,242:
<br>
<br>


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! colspan=5 style="text-align:left" | List of discourse particles
! colspan=5 style="text-align:left" | List of discourse particles
Line 2,488: Line 1,363:
Groups: A) anthropogenic structures; B) abrupt terrain; C) waterfront; D) plain terrain; E) vegetation and other terrain; F) waterways.
Groups: A) anthropogenic structures; B) abrupt terrain; C) waterfront; D) plain terrain; E) vegetation and other terrain; F) waterways.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! Group || colspan=4| Toponymical form
! Group || colspan=4| Toponymical form
Line 2,645: Line 1,520:
Some terms which are listed as one entry in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Jakarta_list Leipzig-Jakarta list] but have more than one distinct term in Ikronurum have become as many entries as needed to accommodate the scope of its vocabulary. For instance, the term “arm/hand” becomes two entries given that there is a lexical distinction between ''arm'' and ''hand''. Because of this accommodation to the scope of the Ikronurum lexicon, the list will have more entries than the original hundred, just as it would have needed to be for other languages, such as English.
Some terms which are listed as one entry in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Jakarta_list Leipzig-Jakarta list] but have more than one distinct term in Ikronurum have become as many entries as needed to accommodate the scope of its vocabulary. For instance, the term “arm/hand” becomes two entries given that there is a lexical distinction between ''arm'' and ''hand''. Because of this accommodation to the scope of the Ikronurum lexicon, the list will have more entries than the original hundred, just as it would have needed to be for other languages, such as English.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| English || colspan="2"| I Kronurum
! rowspan="2"| English || colspan="2"| I Kronurum
Line 2,773: Line 1,648:
|long || bran || ˈbɾɑn
|long || bran || ˈbɾɑn
|-
|-
|louse || ||  
|louse || géga || ˈgei̯.gɐ
|-
|-
|mouth (human) || þiste || ˈθis.te̞
|mouth (human) || þiste || ˈθis.te̞
Line 3,094: Line 1,969:
Besides the history of the in-world, "native" orthographies of the different historical stages of I Kronurum, there are two transliteration standards: a romanization, and a "[[w:Gothic_alphabet|gautification]]" (a variation on Ulfilas' Gothic script).
Besides the history of the in-world, "native" orthographies of the different historical stages of I Kronurum, there are two transliteration standards: a romanization, and a "[[w:Gothic_alphabet|gautification]]" (a variation on Ulfilas' Gothic script).


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=5 | Orthographies
!colspan=5 | Orthographies
|-
|-
Line 3,205: Line 2,080:
| {{cardosmall|Dafríra, ibóðr iknegór nonteþini. Tró angr sóraftó jaŕaftó jóherjoneþan. Tró jalíŕihirum ó þetren alastur. Hurman, ána, pórhaŕa tró pórja uŕójubskenis ankjurini, won tró esta angris hajana-ini. Tró śetr órusmarken ehajuri tró istojti finta rengodånere. Nog tró śéðŕó faga detŕó þar jójagrénturan.}}
| {{cardosmall|Dafríra, ibóðr iknegór nonteþini. Tró angr sóraftó jaŕaftó jóherjoneþan. Tró jalíŕihirum ó þetren alastur. Hurman, ána, pórhaŕa tró pórja uŕójubskenis ankjurini, won tró esta angris hajana-ini. Tró śetr órusmarken ehajuri tró istojti finta rengodånere. Nog tró śéðŕó faga detŕó þar jójagrénturan.}}
|-
|-
| <small><poem> /ˈdɑf.rei̯.ɾɐ ʔi.ˈbu̜.ðɾ̩ ʔi.ˈkne̞.gu̹ɾ ˈno̞n.tɛ.ˌθi.ni/ /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ su̜ɾ.af.ˈtu̹ jɑ.raf.ˈtu̹ ju̜.he̞.ˈɾjo̞.nɛ.ˌθɐn/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈjɑ.lei̯.ŕi.hi.ɾum ˈʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾɘn ʔɑ.ˈlas.tuɾ/ /huɾ.ˈmɑn ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ ˈpu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ ˈtɾu̹ ˈpu̜.ɾjɐ ˈʔo̞.ru̹.ˌjuβs.ke̞.nis ˈʔɑn.kju.ɾi.ni/ /ˈwo̞n ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔe̞s.tɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gɾis ˈhɑ.ja.nɐ ˈʔi.ni/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃe̞.tr̩ ˈʔu̹.ɾus.maɾ.ke̞n ˈʔe.hɑ.ju.ɾi ˈtɾu̹ ʔi.ˈsto̞j.ti ˈfin.tɐ ˈre̞n ˈgo.dɑ.ne.ɾɘ/ /ˈno̞x ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃei̯.ðɾu̹ ˈfɑ.gɐ ˈde̞t.ru̹ ˈθɑɾ ju̜.jɑ.ˈgɾɛi̯n.tu.ɾɐn/ </poem>
| <small><poem> /ˈdɑf.rei̯.ɾɐ ʔi.ˈbu̜.ðɾ̩ ʔi.ˈkne̞.gu̹ɾ ˈno̞n.tɛ.ˌθi.ni/ /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔɑŋ.gr̩ su̜ɾ.af.ˈtu̹ jɑ.raf.ˈtu̹ ju̜.he̞.ˈɾjo̞.nɛ.ˌθɐn/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈjɑ.lei̯.ri.hi.ɾum ˈʔu̹ ˈθe̞.tɾɘn ʔɑ.ˈlas.tuɾ/ /huɾ.ˈmɑn ˈʔɑi̯.nɐ ˈpu̜ɾ.ha.rɐ ˈtɾu̹ ˈpu̜.ɾjɐ ˈʔo̞.ru̹.ˌjuβs.ke̞.nis ˈʔɑn.kju.ɾi.ni/ /ˈwo̞n ˈtɾu̹ ˈʔe̞s.tɐ ˈʔɑŋ.gɾis ˈhɑ.ja.nɐ ˈʔi.ni/  /ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃe̞.tr̩ ˈʔu̹.ɾus.maɾ.ke̞n ˈʔe.hɑ.ju.ɾi ˈtɾu̹ ʔi.ˈsto̞j.ti ˈfin.tɐ ˈre̞n ˈgo.dɑ.ne.ɾɘ/ /ˈno̞x ˈtɾu̹ ˈʃei̯.ðɾu̹ ˈfɑ.gɐ ˈde̞t.ru̹ ˈθɑɾ ju̜.jɑ.ˈgɾɛi̯n.tu.ɾɐn/ </poem>
</small>
</small>
|-
|-
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