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|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|name = Kiwi
|name = Kiwi
|nativename = ''Taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ''
|nativename = Taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ
|pronunciation=  /tɑʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkɑʔ/
|pronunciation=  tǎʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkáʔ
|region = [[w:Pacific ocean|Pacific ocean]]
|setting = [[w:Pacific ocean|Pacific ocean]]
|states = [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]]
|nation = [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]]
|speakers = ⅜  
|speakers = ⅜  
|date = 2013
|date = 2013
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|family=Rana languages
|family=Rana languages
|ancestor=Proto-Rana
|ancestor=Proto-Rana
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Devanagari script|Devanagari]]
|script1=Latn
|agency=
|script2=Deva
|iso1=ki
|clcr=qki
|iso2=ki
|iso3=qki
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
|creator=User:Waahlis
}}
}}


'''Kiwi''' (natively known as ''taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ'',  [[w:IPA|IPA]]: /tɑʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkɑʔ/) refers to the constructed language supposedly spoken on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], constructed by [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]. The language was devised as an effort to screw with the minds of [[w:Marine biology|marine biologists]], as well as a hypothetical language for ''Pagurus prideaux''.
'''Kiwi''' (natively known as ''taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ'',  [[w:IPA|IPA]]: /tǎʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkáʔ/) refers to the constructed language supposedly spoken on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], constructed by [[User:Waahlis|Waahlis]]. The language was devised as an effort to screw with the minds of [[w:Marine biology|marine biologists]], as well as a hypothetical language for ''Pagurus prideaux''.


The Kiwi language is constructed to be agglutinative, for a change, yet retains the simple phonotactics of [[w:Polynesian languages|Polynesian languages]]. The phonology is simple by Europan standards, as is the orthography. Morphology and grammar show clear influences from [[w:Ojibwe|Ojibwe]], [[w:Navajo|Navajo]] and to a certain degree, [[w:Spanish|Spanish]]. The most interesting bits of information on the language is that is has a very weak word-final [[w:stress (linguistics)|stress]], lacks [[w:adjective|adjective]]s and [[w:adverb|adverb]]s, and that is a hyper intelligent shade of blue.
The Kiwi language is constructed to be agglutinative, for a change, yet retains the simple phonotactics of [[w:Polynesian languages|Polynesian languages]]. The phonology is simple by Europan standards, as is the orthography. Morphology and grammar show clear influences from [[w:Ojibwe|Ojibwe]], [[w:Navajo|Navajo]] and to a certain degree, [[w:Spanish|Spanish]]. The most interesting bits of information on the language is that is has a very weak word-final [[w:stress (linguistics)|stress]], lacks [[w:adjective|adjective]]s and [[w:adverb|adverb]]s, and that is a hyper intelligent shade of blue.
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{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ki}}wi'
|phrase = {{blue|ki}}wi'
|IPA = /kɪˈwɪʔ/ → /cɪˈwɪʔ/
|IPA = /kɪˈwɪ́ʔ/ → /cɪˈwɪ́ʔ/
|morphemes = kiwi'
|morphemes = kiwi'
|gloss = common_language.c5.sg
|gloss = common_language.c8.PA
|translation = common language
|translation = common language
}}
}}
[[File:Kiwi bird.jpg|225px|thumb|right|The language's [[w:Kiwi bird|namesake]]. So damn cute. Known as ''kikiwī'' in the Kiwi language.]]
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ku}}lā'
|phrase = {{blue|ku}}lā'
|IPA = /kʊˈlaːʔ/ → /qʊˈlaːʔ/
|IPA = /kuˈlàːʔ/ → /quˈlàːʔ/
|morphemes = kulā'
|morphemes = kulā'
|gloss = darkness.c5.sg
|gloss = darkness.c8.PA
|translation = darkness
|translation = darkness
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ngu}}nē'e
|phrase = {{blue|ngu}}nē'e
|IPA = /ŋʊne̞ːʔə/ → /ɴʊne̞ːʔə/
|IPA = /ŋune̞ːʔɛ/ → /ɴune̞ːʔɛ/
|morphemes = ngunē'e
|morphemes = ngunē'e
|gloss = dagger.c3.sg
|gloss = dagger.c5.PA
|translation = dagger
|translation = dagger
}}
}}
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|  
|  
| '''ē''' /e̞ː/
| '''ē''' /e̞ː/
| '''e''' /ə/
|  
|  
|  
| '''o''' /o̞/ · '''ō''' /o̞ː/
| '''o''' /o̞/ · '''ō''' /o̞ː/
|-
|-
! style="" |[[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
! style="" |[[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|  
| '''e''' /ɛ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|-
|-
! style="" |[[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
! style="" |[[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
|  
| '''ā''' /æː/
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|-
|-
! style="" |[[w:Open vowel|Open]]
! style="" |[[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| '''ā''' /aː/
| '''a''' /a/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''a''' /ɑ/, [ɒ]
|[ɒ]
|}
|}


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{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = ki{{blue|wi}}'
|phrase = ki{{blue|wi}}'
|IPA = /kɪˈwɪʔ/ → [cɪˈwʏʔ]
|IPA = /kɪˈwɪ́ʔ/ → [cɪˈwʏ́ʔ]
|morphemes = kiwi'
|morphemes = kiwi'
|gloss = common_language.c5.sg
|gloss = common_language.c8.PA
|translation = common language
|translation = common language
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ba}}hasa
|phrase = {{blue|ba}}hasa
|IPA = /pɑhɑˈsɑ/ → [pɒhɑˈsɑ]
|IPA = /pahaˈsa/ → [pɒhaˈsa]
|morphemes = bahasa
|morphemes = bahasa
|gloss = foreign_language.c5.sg
|gloss = foreign_language.c8.PA
|translation = foreign language
|translation = foreign language
}}
}}
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{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = yā{{blue|ma}}'
|phrase = yā{{blue|ma}}'
|IPA = /jaːˈmɑʔ/ → [jaːˈmɒʔ]
|IPA = /jaːˈmǎʔ/ → [jaːˈmɒ̌ʔ]
|morphemes = yāma'
|morphemes = yāma'
|gloss = canoe.c4.sg
|gloss = canoe.c4.PA
|translation = canoe
|translation = canoe
}}
}}
===Suprasegmentals===
Kiwi has a sophisticated system of [[w:tonal languages|tones]], as well as stress. Only final syllables may get tone, and all final syllables but those with a [[w:glottal stop|glottal stop]] coda, get a medium, default tone.
There are four tones in the language, '''medium''', '''rising''' and '''falling''', '''low''', and '''high''' tone. The last three tones only occur when a vowel precedes a word-final glottal stop, all others get a medium tone.
''To be continued.''


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
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==Grammar==
==Grammar and morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Class====
====Classes and adjectivisation====
There are 7 inherent [[w:noun class|noun class]]es in the Kiwi language. These do to some extent govern [[w:obviation|obviation]], and [[w:agreement (linguistics)|agreement]] with adjectives. They are mainly dependent upon size and edibility.
There are 9 inherent [[w:noun class|noun class]]es, {{sc|c}}, in the Kiwi language. These do to some extent govern [[w:obviation|obviation]], and [[w:agreement (linguistics)|agreement]] with adjectives. They are mainly dependent upon size and edibility.  
 
Every class has an adjectivising prefix, {{sc|ADZ}}, which creates adverbs and adjectives from nouns and verbs.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
! Class !! Adjectivising prefix !! Members
|-
| I || ''ki-'' ||''edible but holy animates; humans, domestic animals''
|-
| II || ''mahā-'' || ''big animate edibles; big animals''
|-
| III || ''mē-'' || ''small edibles; plants, fish''
|-
| IV || ''we-'' || ''big inedibles; objects''
|-
| V || ''wīʻa-'' || ''small inedibles''
|-
| VI || ''tāʻi-'' || '' big shapeless inedibles; ocean, cloud''
|-
| VII || ''etē-''|| ''shapeless inedibles; water, mud, rope''
|-
| VIII || ''yi-''/''hi-'' || ''abstractions, concepts, as well as titles''
|-
| IX || ''tāne-'' || ''bodyparts, extremities''
|}
 
Since the classes are relatively defined, it is not morphologically marked which class a noun belongs to. The prefixes are instead fixed on nouns to derive adjectives and adverbs. And epenthic glottal stop, <ʻ> is added if two vowels collide.
 
The class prefixes are also used to congruate the possessor with a possesse, where the possessor get the class prefix of possessed object, as well as the genitive case.
 
Word order is most often irrelevant, since Kiwi is more or less [[w:Non-configurationality|non-configurational]]. See ''[[Kiwi#Syntax|Syntax]]'' for further information.
 
{{Gloss
|phrase = rānaʻ
|IPA = /raːˈnáʔ/
|morphemes = rānaʻ
|gloss = beauty.c8.PA
|translation = beauty
}}
[[File:Horses, some wild, some owned, roam Easter Island freely.jpg|255px|thumb|right|Moai statues on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], called ''moʻai'' in Kiwi, as well as a few wild horses. Horses are called ''tototō'', by the way.]]
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|wōri}} kirānaʻ
|IPA = /woːˈrɪ́ cɪraːˈnáʔ/
|morphemes = wōri ki-rānaʻ
|gloss = girl.c1.PA  ADZ.c1-beauty.c8.PA
|translation = beautiful girl
}}
 
{{Gloss
|phrase = yi{{term|wōri}} rānaʻ
|IPA = /jɪwoːˈrɪ́ raːˈnáʔ/
|morphemes = yi-wōri rānaʻ
|gloss = ADZ.c8-girl.c1.PA  beauty.c8.PA
|translation = girly beauty
}}
 
Pluralisation works as usual, and adjectivized nouns are simply pluralised before the class prefix is attached. See ''[[Kiwi#Plural|Plural]]'' for further information.
 
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ
|gloss = ocean.c6.PA  ADZ.c6-darkness.c8.PA
|translation = dark ocean
}}


*I - ''edible but holy animates; humans, domestic animals''
{{Gloss
*II - ''big animate edibles; big animals''
|phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}} tāʻikekulāʻ
*III - ''small edibles; plants, fish''
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna taːʔɪkɛquˈlàːʔ/
*IV - ''big inedibles; objects''
|morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ
*V - ''small inedibles''
|gloss = PL~ocean.c6  ADZ.c6-PL~darkness.c8
*VI - ''shapeless inedibles; water, mud, rope''
|translation = dark oceans
*VII - ''abstractions, concepts, as well as titles''
}}


====Number====
====Number====
The language has two [[w:grammatical number|number]]s, the [[w:paucal number|paucal]] and the [[w:plural number|plural]]. This means that there is no singular grammatical number.
=====Paucal=====
The paucal denotes singular entity nouns, as well as a few nouns, or a small group. It is equivalent to the [[w:English language|English]] singular, but less defined. The paucal is the lemma form of the nouns, and thus implicitly unmarked.
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}}
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈna/
|morphemes = ʻūluna
|gloss = ocean.c6.PA
|translation = ocean, sea
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|kaukaʻi}}
|IPA = /qauqaˈʔɪ́/
|morphemes = kaukaʻi
|gloss = song_bird.c1.PA
|translation = song bird
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|taʻuka}}
|IPA = /taʔuˈqa/
|morphemes = taʻuka
|gloss = rain_cloud.c6.PA
|translation = rain cloud
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|kuʻe}}
|IPA = /quˈʔɛ́/
|morphemes = kuʻe
|gloss = fish.c3.PA
|translation = fish
}}
=====Plural=====
The plural number in Kiwi is used with a big number of objects, or many of them. It is basically similar to the English plural, except smaller groups of objects class as [[Kiwi#Paucal|paucal]]. Pluralisation of nouns is rather straightforward; plurals are formed through initial [[w:partial reduplication|partial reduplication]]. The reduplication is phonologically governed.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
! Initial syllable
! V
! ʔV
! CV:
! Ca
! Cu
! Ce
! Ci
! Co
! Cō
|-
! Reduplicated
| VʔV
| ʔVhV
| CVCV:
| CiCa
| CeCu
| CiCe
| CeCi
| CuCo
| CuCō
|}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}}
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna/
|morphemes = ʻu~ʻūluna
|gloss = PL~ocean.c6
|translation = oceans, seas
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|kikaukaʻi}}
|IPA = /cɪqauqaˈʔɪ́/
|morphemes = ki~kaukaʻi
|gloss = PL~song_bird.c1
|translation = song bird
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|titaʻuka}}
|IPA = /tɪtaʔuˈqa/
|morphemes = ti~taʻuka
|gloss = PL~rain_cloud.c6.
|translation = rain clouds
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{term|kekuʻe}}
|IPA = /cɛquˈʔɛ́/
|morphemes = kuʻe
|gloss = fish.c3.pa
|translation = fish
}}
===Pronouns===
====Personal pronouns====
There are only [[w:Grammatical subject|subjective]] personal pronouns in the Kiwi language, and they are not used in the same contexts as in English. They are independent, thus not agglutinable. All persons do not exist for all classes of personal pronouns, and many classes have been put together. Please note that the Kiwi language is pro-drop; that is, using pronouns is not obligatory.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 550px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="10"|Personal pronouns
|-
!Person →
! rowspan="2" |0<sup>th</sup>
! colspan="2" |1<sup>st</sup>
! colspan="2" |2<sup>nd</sup>
! colspan="2" |3<sup>rd</sup>
! colspan="2" |4<sup>th</sup>
|-
! Number →
! <small>Paucal</small>
! <small>Plural</small>
! <small>Paucal</small>
! <small>Plural</small>
! <small>Paucal</small>
! <small>Plural</small>
! <small>Paucal</small>
! <small>Plural</small>
|-
!Class ↓
! colspan="9" |<small>Nominative</small>
|-
! I
| ''waka''
| ''anā''
| ''aʻanā''
| ''ei''
| ''yē''
| ''oukā''
| ''uʻoukā''
| ''lā''
| ''lalā''
|-
! II+III
|| ''keʻ ''
| -
| -
| ''māo''
| ''mamāo''
| ''ngai''
| ''ningai''
| ''lēna''
| ''lelēana''
|-
! IV+V
|| ''kai''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| ''wakō''
| ''wiwakō''
| ''rōa''
| ''rurōa''
|-
! VI+VII
|| ''tai''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| ''taʻēa''
| ''titaʻēa''
| ''rita''
| ''rita''
|-
! VIII
|| ''toā''
| ''yeō''
| ''yiyeō''
| ''wahē''
| ''wiwahē''
| ''kāʻa''
| ''kakāʻa''
| ''yēna''
| ''yeyēna''
|-
! IX
|| ''wana''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| ''āta''
| ''aʻāta''
| ''āna''
| ''aʻāna''
|}
====The zeroth person and indefiniteness====
The so-called zeroth person ({{sc|0}}) in the Kiwi language, is a catch-all indefinite pronoun. It is used to convey the following meanings:
*''someone'', ''anyone'', ''all''
*''one'', ''a''/''an''
*''you'', ''they'', ''one'' (generic) The usage makes it equivalent to ''[[wikt:man|man]]'' in German, Swedish, et al., French ''[[wikt:on|on]]'' as well as ''[[wikt:ei|ei]]'' in Finnish. ''To be continued''.
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻAhu}}makaʻī ne!
|IPA = /ʔahumaˈqaʔɪ: nɛ/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻahu}}-makaʻī ne
|gloss = {{blue|0}}>4sg-to_eat.NFUT NEG
|translation = You don't eat that!
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻAhu}}kiwēʻa.
|IPA = /ʔahucɪˈwe̞ːʔa/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻahu}}-kiwēʻa
|gloss = {{blue|0}}>4sg-to_know.NFUT
|translation = One/everybody knows that.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻUngu}}rāma wa;
|IPA = /ʔuŋuˈɾæːma wa/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻungu}}-rāma wa
|gloss = 2sg>{{blue|0}}-to_regret.NFUT Q
|translation = Do you regret anything?
}}
====The fourth person and obviation====
The fourth person ({{sc|4}}) in the Kiwi language is a third person obviative pronoun that distinguishes a non-salient third person referent from a more salient, proximate or pertinent, third person referent in a given discourse context.
There are a few basic rules for the Kiwi fourth person:
*Where animacy is involved, animate [[w:noun phrase|noun phrase]]s tend to be proximate, while inanimate [[w:noun phrases|noun phrases]] tend to be obviative.
*Possessors are obligatorily proximate and possessees are thus obligatory obviative.
<!-- *Obviation is most common in [[head-marking language]]s since the obviative is useful in disambiguating otherwise unmarked nominals. -->
*Proximate/Obviative assignments are preserved throughout clauses and are also often constant over longer discourse segments.
*If there is no need for a proximate/obviate distinction in the clause, the pronouns get [[w:Demonstrative pronoun|proximal]] and [[w:Demonstrative pronoun|distal]] functions.
*A proximate subject is always animate.
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|Taʻahu}}kakiʻ wa;
|IPA = /taʔahuqaˈcɪ́ wa/
|morphemes = {{blue|taʻahu}}-kakiʻ-∅ wa
|gloss = 3sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_dislike-NFUT Q
|translation = Didn't he like him/it?
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = Weʻakiwēʻa, {{blue|ku}}kiwēʻa.
|IPA =/wɛʔacɪwe̞ːˈʔa qucɪwe̞ːˈʔa/
|morphemes = weʻa-kiwēʻa-∅ {{blue|ku}}-kiwēʻa-∅
|gloss = 1sg>3sg-to_know-NFUT 1sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_know-NFUT
|translation =  I know this, I know that.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|Taʻahu}}miraʻ {{blue|mani}}tanēʻ.
|IPA = /taʔahumɪráʔ maɲɪtaně̞ːʔ/
|morphemes = {{blue|taʻahu}}-miraʻ-∅ {{blue|mani}}-tanēʻ-∅
|gloss = 3sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_see-NFUT {{blue|4sg>4sg}}-to_do-NFUT
|translation = She saw him do that.
}}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Tense====
====Tense====
The Kiwi language does mark [[w:grammatical tense|grammatical tense]] morphologically. However, the system is binary one; [[Kiwi#Non-future tense|non-future]] ({{sc|nfut}}) versus [[Kiwi#Future tense|future]] ({{sc|fut}}). To specify whether something occurs in the present or in the past, you make use of [[w:adverbs|adverbs]], or more commonly, adverbial noun phrases.
====Person====
====Person====
=====Unipersonal agreement=====
=====Unipersonal agreement=====
There is no unipersonal agreement in the Kiwi language; an intransitive verb, one that does not take an object, dos not conjugate according to the subject. Instead you use the personal pronouns or noun phrase in question.
{{Gloss
|phrase = Anā miʻā.
|IPA = /ˈanaː ˈmɪʔaː/
|morphemes = anā miʻā
|gloss = 1pc.NOM to_see.NFUT
|translation = I see.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = ʻUmāni yē.
|IPA = /ʔuˈmaːɲɪ ˈje̞ː/
|morphemes = ʻumāni yē
|gloss =  to_watch_out.NFUT 2pl.NOM
|translation = Do watch out, guys.
}}
=====Bipersonal agreement=====
=====Bipersonal agreement=====
The bipersonal prefixes agree with both the subject and the [[w:grammatical object|object]] simultaneously. They have the following transivity direction: {{sc|subject}}>{{sc|object}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:700px;"
! colspan="17"|Bipersonal prefixes
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|  Object→<br />Subject↓
! colspan="5"| paucal
|-
!0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4
|-
! rowspan="5"| paucal
! 0
| -
|''ʻe-''
|''hai-''
|''hane-''
|''ʻahu-''
|-
! 1
|''naʻa-''
| -
|''ki-''
|''weʻa-''
|''ku-''
|-
! 2
|''nuku-''
|''ngi-''
| -
|''ke'a-''
|''ʻungu-''
|-
! 3
|''tina-''
|''ne-''
|''tu-''
| -
|''ta'ahu-''
|-
! 4
|''maʻe-''
|''ʻano-''
|''mi-''
|''namaʻī-''
|''mani-''
|}
{{Gloss
|phrase = we’akima’orī
|IPA = /wɛʔacɪmaʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = we’a-ki-ma’orī
|gloss = 1>3-SG-to_kill
|translation = I kill him.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = we’akimani’orī
|IPA = /wɛʔacɪmanɪʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = we’a-ki-ma<ni>’orī
|gloss = 1>3-SG-to_kill<FUT>
|translation = I will kill him.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = kiwe’akimani’orī
|IPA = /cɪwɛʔacɪmaʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = ki-we’a-ki-ma<ni>’orī
|gloss = 1SG>3SG-to_kill<FUT>
|translation = I will kill him.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = kiwe’amani’orī
|IPA = /cɪwɛʔamaʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = ki-we’a-ma<ni>’orī
|gloss = SG-1>3-to_kill<FUT>
|translation = I will kill them.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = kiwe’anomani’orī
|IPA = /cɪwɛʔanɔmaʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = ki-we’a-no-ma<ni>’orī
|gloss = SG-1>3-PL-to_kill<FUT>
|translation = I will kill them.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = nuwe’amani’orī
|IPA = /nuwɛʔamaʔɔˈrɪː/
|morphemes = nu-we’a-ma<ni>’orī
|gloss =  PL-1>3-to_kill<FUT>
|translation = We will kill him.
}}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Kiwi]]
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