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|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|name = Kiwi | |name = Kiwi | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= tǎʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkáʔ | ||
| | |setting = [[w:Pacific ocean|Pacific ocean]] | ||
| | |nation = [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]] | ||
|speakers = ⅜ | |speakers = ⅜ | ||
|date = 2013 | |date = 2013 | ||
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|family=Rana languages | |family=Rana languages | ||
|ancestor=Proto-Rana | |ancestor=Proto-Rana | ||
| | |script1=Latn | ||
|script2=Deva | |||
|clcr=qki | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
|creator=User:Waahlis | |||
}} | }} | ||
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[[File:Horses, some wild, some owned, roam Easter Island freely.jpg|255px|thumb|right|Moai statues on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], called ''moʻai'' in Kiwi, as well as a few wild horses. Horses are called ''tototō'', by the way.]] | [[File:Horses, some wild, some owned, roam Easter Island freely.jpg|255px|thumb|right|Moai statues on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], called ''moʻai'' in Kiwi, as well as a few wild horses. Horses are called ''tototō'', by the way.]] | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|wōri}} kirānaʻ | ||
|IPA = /woːˈrɪ́ cɪraːˈnáʔ/ | |IPA = /woːˈrɪ́ cɪraːˈnáʔ/ | ||
|morphemes = wōri ki-rānaʻ | |morphemes = wōri ki-rānaʻ | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = yi{{ | |phrase = yi{{term|wōri}} rānaʻ | ||
|IPA = /jɪwoːˈrɪ́ raːˈnáʔ/ | |IPA = /jɪwoːˈrɪ́ raːˈnáʔ/ | ||
|morphemes = yi-wōri rānaʻ | |morphemes = yi-wōri rānaʻ | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ | ||
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/ | |IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/ | ||
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ | |morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}} tāʻikekulāʻ | ||
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna taːʔɪkɛquˈlàːʔ/ | |IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna taːʔɪkɛquˈlàːʔ/ | ||
|morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ | |morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ | ||
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The paucal denotes singular entity nouns, as well as a few nouns, or a small group. It is equivalent to the [[w:English language|English]] singular, but less defined. The paucal is the lemma form of the nouns, and thus implicitly unmarked. | The paucal denotes singular entity nouns, as well as a few nouns, or a small group. It is equivalent to the [[w:English language|English]] singular, but less defined. The paucal is the lemma form of the nouns, and thus implicitly unmarked. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}} | ||
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈna/ | |IPA = /ʔuːluˈna/ | ||
|morphemes = ʻūluna | |morphemes = ʻūluna | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|kaukaʻi}} | ||
|IPA = /qauqaˈʔɪ́/ | |IPA = /qauqaˈʔɪ́/ | ||
|morphemes = kaukaʻi | |morphemes = kaukaʻi | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|taʻuka}} | ||
|IPA = /taʔuˈqa/ | |IPA = /taʔuˈqa/ | ||
|morphemes = taʻuka | |morphemes = taʻuka | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|kuʻe}} | ||
|IPA = /quˈʔɛ́/ | |IPA = /quˈʔɛ́/ | ||
|morphemes = kuʻe | |morphemes = kuʻe | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}} | ||
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna/ | |IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna/ | ||
|morphemes = ʻu~ʻūluna | |morphemes = ʻu~ʻūluna | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|kikaukaʻi}} | ||
|IPA = /cɪqauqaˈʔɪ́/ | |IPA = /cɪqauqaˈʔɪ́/ | ||
|morphemes = ki~kaukaʻi | |morphemes = ki~kaukaʻi | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|titaʻuka}} | ||
|IPA = /tɪtaʔuˈqa/ | |IPA = /tɪtaʔuˈqa/ | ||
|morphemes = ti~taʻuka | |morphemes = ti~taʻuka | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|kekuʻe}} | ||
|IPA = /cɛquˈʔɛ́/ | |IPA = /cɛquˈʔɛ́/ | ||
|morphemes = kuʻe | |morphemes = kuʻe | ||
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| ''anā'' | | ''anā'' | ||
| ''aʻanā'' | | ''aʻanā'' | ||
| '' | | ''ei'' | ||
| '' | | ''yē'' | ||
| ''oukā'' | | ''oukā'' | ||
| ''uʻoukā'' | | ''uʻoukā'' | ||
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| ''aʻāna'' | | ''aʻāna'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====The zeroth person and indefiniteness==== | ====The zeroth person and indefiniteness==== | ||
The so-called zeroth person ({{sc|0}}) in the Kiwi language, is a catch-all indefinite pronoun. It is used to convey the following meanings: | The so-called zeroth person ({{sc|0}}) in the Kiwi language, is a catch-all indefinite pronoun. It is used to convey the following meanings: | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{blue| | |phrase = {{blue|ʻUngu}}rāma wa; | ||
|IPA = / | |IPA = /ʔuŋuˈɾæːma wa/ | ||
|morphemes = {{blue| | |morphemes = {{blue|ʻungu}}-rāma wa | ||
|gloss = 2sg>{{blue|0}}-to_regret.NFUT Q | |gloss = 2sg>{{blue|0}}-to_regret.NFUT Q | ||
|translation = Do you regret anything? | |translation = Do you regret anything? | ||
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====Person==== | ====Person==== | ||
=====Unipersonal agreement===== | =====Unipersonal agreement===== | ||
There is no unipersonal agreement in the Kiwi language; an intransitive verb, one that does not take an object, dos not conjugate according to the subject. Instead you use the personal pronouns or noun phrase in question. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Anā miʻā. | |||
|IPA = /ˈanaː ˈmɪʔaː/ | |||
|morphemes = anā miʻā | |||
|gloss = 1pc.NOM to_see.NFUT | |||
|translation = I see. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = ʻUmāni yē. | |||
|IPA = /ʔuˈmaːɲɪ ˈje̞ː/ | |||
|morphemes = ʻumāni yē | |||
|gloss = to_watch_out.NFUT 2pl.NOM | |||
|translation = Do watch out, guys. | |||
}} | |||
=====Bipersonal agreement===== | =====Bipersonal agreement===== | ||
The bipersonal prefixes agree with both the subject and the [[w:grammatical object|object]] simultaneously. They have the following transivity direction: {{sc|subject}}>{{sc|object}} | The bipersonal prefixes agree with both the subject and the [[w:grammatical object|object]] simultaneously. They have the following transivity direction: {{sc|subject}}>{{sc|object}} | ||
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[[Category:Languages]][[Category: | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Jasi-Jivan languages]][[Category:Kiwi]][[Category:User:Waahlis]] |