Lakovic languages
- Not to be confused with the Lahob languages.
Swadesh lists for the Lakovic languages
| Lakovic | |
|---|---|
| Created by | – |
| Geographic distribution | Talma, Bjeheond, Etalocin |
| Linguistic classification | One of Tricin's primary language families |
| Proto-language | Proto-Lakovic |
| Subdivisions |
|
The Lakovic languages (/ləˈkoʊvɪk/ luh-KOHV-ik; Häskä: hän tülut Ləkof; Rhythoed: fi imbrits Lăcoaf) are a major Trician language family, originally native to Talma. The family is inspired by Semitic, Mon-Khmer and Austronesian languages.
Todo
Other (short) suffixes?
Grimm's law for Windermere?
Lakovic should be huge
Urheimat: Talma
Phylogeny
- Proto-Lakovic
Proto-Lakovic phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | |||||
| Stop | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Fricative | s /s̻/ | š /s̺/ | ś /ɬ/ | h /h/ | ||||
| Affricate | c /ts̻/ | (č /ts̺/) | ć /tɬ/ | |||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | ||||
Vowels
Proto-Lakovic had 6 vowels and register tone:
i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/
ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice
Phonotactics
Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere.
Prefinal syllables only allowed the vowels /a i u/.
Stress
Stress was likely on the final syllable.
Proto-Lakovic morphology
Root structure
Roots consisted of 1 or 2 syllables, and were stressed on the final syllable.
Nouns
- direct case marker: id-
- indirect case marker: how-
Pronouns
- rì = I
- śàn (m), śà(n)s (f) = you
Verbs and adjectives
Verbs and adjectives agreed with nouns in gender. For example:
- šmer toʔ = a good man (m);
- ʔama toʔs = a good mother (f)
Gender agreement was lost in most descendants, except in Tergetian and the West Bjeheondian languages.
TODO: triggers, aspects
Derivational morphology
- Breathy voice ablaut: nominalization (f)
- bì-~bù- = agentive (m)
- hà- = resultative (passive in Windermere)
- tuha- = intensive
Proto-Lakovic syntax
Proto-Lakovic had flexible word order, but the most common word order was VSO.
Vocabulary
- ksìʔ > Wdm. scie 'star'
- łkày > Wdm. scey 'forest'
Numbers
check Æ tone reflexes
- first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split
- then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes
| Proto-Lakovic | Talman | Western Bjeheondian | Tumhanian | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windermere Lăcoaf |
Häskä | Tsjoen Tsjoen |
Tergetian | Schong | Æ | |
| *àdòn "one" | doan | odän | eudun | doon2 | tů | |
| *ùrat "two" | rath | rat | rat | rat2 | ras | |
| *tsiw "three" | stiw | ətsəw | tju | txiw1 | tjůb | |
| *mšàk "four" | smech | əmšäk | mpjeok | khaak2 | njaai | njærb |
| *mǜc "five" | müets | müc | myts | mwwts1 | vur | |
| *dak "six" | tach | dak | dak | dak1 | tars | |
| *àbòt "seven" | boath | obät | eubut | boot2 | pob | |
| *słeb "eight" | łep | ešəb | xjep | seb1 | læ̊g | |
| *ʔlòy "nine" | loay | oläy | eoloe | looj1 | løb | |
| *tap "ten" | thaf | taf | tap | tap1 | tås | |
| *suyàw "eleven" | săyew | suyäw | seojo | xaaw2 | søb | |
| *srük "twelve" | srüch | üsruk | sryk | srwk1 | rurs | |