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|imagesize = 250px | |imagesize = 250px | ||
|name = Ris | |name = Ris | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = oī́kas ri | ||
|pronunciation= /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ | |pronunciation= /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ | ||
|region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] | |region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Ris''' language, '' | The '''Ris''' language, ''oī́kas ri'', /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ or simply '''Ris''' /rɪs/, is a Jasi-Jivan language related to the [[Kiwi]] and [[Kandi]] languages. | ||
Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | ||
Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. | Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. | ||
Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the [[w:Greek language|Greek language]]; my greatest influence no matter the language. | Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the [[w:Greek language|Greek language]]; my greatest influence no matter the language. | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are | The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 19 contrastive consonants. The inventory is very similar to what you would expect from an Indo-European language, except for the voiceless sonorant, /r̥/. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+'''Ris consonants''' | |+'''Ris consonants''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8"|Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| | ! colspan="2"| | ||
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! Dental | ! Dental | ||
! Alveolar | ! Alveolar | ||
! Postalveolar | |||
! Velar | ! Velar | ||
! Glottal | ! Glottal | ||
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!<small>plain</small> | !<small>plain</small> | ||
|'''m''' /m/ | |'''m''' /m/ | ||
|colspan="2"|'''n '''/n/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"|Plosives | ! rowspan="3"|Plosives | ||
!<small> | !<small>affricate</small> | ||
|'''ph''' / | |'''ph''' /p͡f/ | ||
|'''th''' / | |'''th''' /t͡θ/ | ||
|'''ts''' /t͡s/ | |||
| | | | ||
|'''kh''' / | |'''kh''' /k͡x/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>unvoiced</small> | !<small>unvoiced</small> | ||
|'''p''' /p/ | |'''p''' /p/ | ||
|'''t''' / | |colspan="2"|'''t''' /t/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''k''' /k/ | |'''k''' /k/ | ||
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!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
|'''b''' /b/ | |'''b''' /b/ | ||
|'''d''' / | |colspan="2"|'''d''' /d/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''g''' /g/ | |'''g''' /g/ | ||
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| | | | ||
|'''s''' /s/ | |'''s''' /s/ | ||
|'''sh''' /ʃ/ | |||
| colspan="2" |'''h''' /x ~ h/ | | colspan="2" |'''h''' /x ~ h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|'''z''' /z/ | |'''z''' /z/ | ||
| | |||
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| ''' | | '''rh''' /r̥/ | ||
| | |||
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| '''r''' /r/ | | '''r''' /r/ | ||
| | |||
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|'''l''' /ɫ/ | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Consonant allophony==== | ====Consonant allophony==== | ||
[[w:Allophony|Allophony]] is common | [[w:Allophony|Allophony]] is common, and a variety of processes affect the consonants. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
There are | There are 6 [[w:vowel|vowel]] phonemes in the Ris language. | ||
All vowels are | All vowels are pronounced short. The transcription into the Latin alphabet includes no single grapheme <nowiki><u></nowiki>. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 375px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 375px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+'''Ris vowels''' | |+'''Ris vowels''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="1"| | ||
! Front | ! Front | ||
! Near-front | ! Near-front | ||
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! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Close | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | !Near-close | ||
| | | | ||
|'''i '''/ɪ/ | |'''i '''/ɪ/ · '''y''' /ʏ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''ou''' /ʊ/ | |'''ou '''/ʊ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Close-mid | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | !Mid | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | !Open-mid | ||
|'''e''' /ɛ/ | |'''e''' /ɛ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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|'''o''' /ɔ/ | |'''o''' /ɔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Near-open | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | !Open | ||
|'''a '''/a/ | |||
|'''a '''/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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*''Atḗ, inḗ gytḗn ~ Atḗ, inḗ gýtē ne!'' | *''Atḗ, inḗ gytḗn ~ Atḗ, inḗ gýtē ne!'' | ||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category: | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Jasi-Jivan languages]][[Category:Ris]] |