Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions

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Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
Swadesh list

Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimai
Pronunciation[θensaːrimai]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Extinct220 v.T.
Quame
  • Talmic
    • Thensaric
      • Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Official status
Official language in
Talma
Language codes
CLCRqth
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Proto-Tigol is the immediate reconstructed ancestor to Tigol.

Todo

  • Make Proto-Talmic > Thensarian vowel changes mirror Pre-Celtic > Proto-Celtic changes
  • Antraδēs = a place name
  • lugoboe 'land'
    • OEevo luġaḃ
      • Eevo luav
    • Nurian lugabui
  • What to do with PTal ou and ō?
  • nokterae = chain (got it by interpreting Noether as Welsh)
  • Andaegōr = 'sun's perch'
  • More u's - often gets umlauted in daughters
  • Fossilized aspect distinctions for stative verbs vs active verbs
    • hear vs. listen
    • see vs. look
    • seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?
  • Δokletom = a name?
  • Accusative case

Background

See also: Talmic languages.

Phonology

The following is a reconstructed pronunciation of Thensarian. The first attested reading tradition for Thensarian is Tigol.

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 17 consonants.

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless θ /t̪~θ/ t /t/ k /k/ ȝ /ʡ~ɴ̆/
voiced b /b/ δ /d̪~ð/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ~h/ s /s/ ħ /χ/
voiced [z]
Trill r /r/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a uvular nasal flap [ɴ̆]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had the following monophthongs:

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ou ui.

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Some allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt kk ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nw lm ln lw rl rm rn rw wl wr
RX
  • mφ ms nt nθ ns nk nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lk lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rk rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn kn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sw
  • φl bl tl dl kl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr kr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sk sȝ sb sd sg
  • ks kt ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφl sφr str skl skr sȝl sȝr

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ L M G K B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar. The mood of a verb sometimes serves the same functions of subordinating conjunctions in English such as if. Sometimes it is erroneously said that Thensarian has no word for if; conjunctions meaning "if" exist (φīs, etc.) but they are not mandatory.

Example texts

  • Early Thensarian: Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnowilatlom = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
  • Primitive Tigol: Φēswrostamāber glāduom gnowilatlom

Other resources