Tigol/Proto-Tigol

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Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
Swadesh list

Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimae
Pronunciation[/θensaːrimai/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Extinct220 v.T.
Quihum
  • Talmic
    • Thensaric
      • Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Language codes
ISO 639-3qth
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tigol/Proto-Tigol (gaθvae θensārimae) is an ancient Talmic language and the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Skellan, Anbirese, Nurian and Qazhrian. It is inspired by Proto-Celtic, Latin and Welsh. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic prose myths and some early scientific texts.

Todo

  • Make Proto-Talmic > Thensarian vowel changes mirror Pre-Celtic > Proto-Celtic changes
  • Antraδēs = a place name
  • lugoboe 'land'
    • OEevo luġaḃ
      • Eevo luav
    • Nurian lugabui
  • What to do with PTal ou and ō?
  • nocterae = chain (got it by interpreting Noether as Welsh)
  • Andaegōr = 'sun's perch'
  • More u's - often gets umlauted in daughters
  • Fossilized aspect distinctions for stative verbs vs active verbs
    • hear vs. listen
    • see vs. look
    • seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?

Background

See also: Talmic languages.

Phonology

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 17 consonants.

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless θ /t̪/ t /t/ c /k/ [ʡ]
voiced b /b/ δ /d̪/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ~h/ s /s/ ħ /ħ/
voiced [z] ȝ /ʕ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had the following monophthongs:

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ae ao ei eo iu oe ou ui.

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Some allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr
RX
  • mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sv
  • φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
  • cs ct ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφl sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ L M G C B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar. The mood of a verb sometimes serves the same functions of subordinating conjunctions in English such as if. Sometimes it is erroneously said that Thensarian has no word for if; conjunctions meaning "if" exist (φīs, etc.) but they are not mandatory.

Example texts

  • Early Thensarian: Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnovilatlom = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
  • Primitive Tigol: Φēsvrostamāber glāduom gnovilatlom

Other resources