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Brono-Fathanic: Difference between revisions
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
< | ===Numerals=== | ||
Modern Brono-Fathanic has two number systems, with a main duodecimal one borrowed from [[Chlouvānem]] which, unlike in its western neighbor [[Qualdomelic]], is supplemented by the native decimal one, which is however strictly limited in scope (rarely used for enumerating further than 30<sub>10</sub>).<br/> | |||
Numbers from 1 to ᘔ～10<sub>10</sub> are the same in both systems; higher numbers are built with native roots in the decimal system (e.g. 11<sub>10</sub> ''oranasa'', cf. Quald. ''urănțọr'', 13<sub>10</sub> ''oranatoary''), and with Chlouvānem roots for Ɛ and the dozens in the duodecimal one (Ɛ ''vedega'' < Chl. ''vælden''; 11<sub>12</sub> ''mamesa''). Unlike Qualdomelic, where the original 100<sub>10</sub> (from PSm *klābrod) does not have a numeral value anymore - meaning "a lot of" instead - in Brono-Fathanic that root now serves as the word for 100<sub>12</sub>, but compound dozenal hundreds use the Chlouvānem root ''-nihega''. | |||
< | As for types of numerals distinguished, Brono-Fathanic has cardinals, ordinals (all analytic except for 1<sup>st</sup> (and 2<sup>nd</sup> in Fathanic), with only ½ having a separate root), and distributives (all analytic, formed by reduplicating the numeral). The apparent irregularity in the Bronic distributive form for 2 is not, diachronically, an irregularity: the cardinal form was the original ordinal form (Proto-Samaidulic *nwejeno, cf. Quald. ''năjen''), which displaced the original cardinal (PSm *nadgo, cf. the distributive ''nago nago'' and Quald. ''nad'') in all but a few dialects; Fathanic still has the *nadgo reflex as the cardinal (''naŋ'', c.f. ordinal ''nŏń'', distr. ''naŋŋaŋ''), even if in colloquial speech the Bronic-influenced use of ''nŏń'' as cardinal is found. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Digit<sub>12</sub> !! <small>Base 10</small> !! Cardinal !! Ordinal !! Distributive | |||
|- | |||
! 0 | |||
| 0 || '''adra''' || <small>''(soaka adra)''</small> || <small>''(adra adra)''</small> | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| 1 || '''sa''' || sama || sa sa | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| 2 || '''noany'''|| soaka noany<br/>(½: ''boanty'') || nago nago | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| 3 || '''toary''' || soaka toary || toary toary | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| 4 || '''goaty''' || rowspan=12 | ''soaka'' + <small>CARD.</small> || rowspan=12 | <small>CARD.</small> + <small>CARD.</small> | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| 5 || '''botra''' | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| 6 || '''teaka''' | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| 7 || '''sity''' | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| 8 || '''node''' | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| 9 || '''koba''' | |||
|- | |||
! ᘔ | |||
| 10 || '''orana''' | |||
|- | |||
! Ɛ | |||
| 11 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranasa'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''vedega''' | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| 12 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranoany'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 11 | |||
| 13 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranatoary'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mamesa''' | |||
|- | |||
! 12 | |||
| 14 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranagoaty'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mamenoany''' | |||
|- | |||
! 13 | |||
| 15 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranabotra'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mametoary''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6 | ... <small>(further numbers only given in base 12)</small> | |||
|- | |||
! 20 | |||
| 24 || '''noanimame''' || rowspan=11 | ''soaka'' + <small>CARD.</small> || rowspan=11 | <small>CARD.</small> + <small>CARD.</small> | |||
|- | |||
! 30 | |||
| 36 || '''toarimame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 40 | |||
| 48 || '''goatimame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 50 | |||
| 60 || '''botramame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 60 | |||
| 72 || '''teakamame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 70 | |||
| 84 || '''sitimame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 80 | |||
| 96 || '''nodemame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 90 | |||
| 108 || '''kobamame''' | |||
|- | |||
! ᘔ0 | |||
| 120 || '''tôndamame''' | |||
|- | |||
! Ɛ0 | |||
| 132 || '''vedegamame''' | |||
|- | |||
! 100 | |||
| 140 || '''trabo''' | |||
|} | |||
Note that the ᘔth dozen is expressed not with the root ''orana'' but with the borrowed root ''tônda'', not used by itself (< Chl. ''tålda''). | |||
The dozenal hundreds are: | |||
: '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> noaninihega | |||
: '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small> toarinihega | |||
: '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small> goatinihega | |||
: '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> botranihega | |||
: '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> teakanihega | |||
: '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> sitinihega | |||
: '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> nodenihega | |||
: '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> kobanihega | |||
: '''ᘔ00''' <small>(1440<sub>10</sub>)</small> tôndanihega | |||
: '''Ɛ00''' <small>(1584<sub>10</sub>)</small> vedegihega. | |||
All other numbers are simple juxtapositions, written as separate words, e.g. 101<sub>12</sub> ''trabo sa'', 179<sub>12</sub> ''trabo sitimamekoba'', 8ᘔ5 ''nodenihega tôndamamebotra'', etc.<br/> | |||
Higher numbers still follow the Chlouvānem system: 1.000<sub>12</sub> is ''tigada''; 1.00.000<sub>12</sub> is a ''raitra''; 1.00.00.000<sub>12</sub> a ''gagaraitra''; 1.00.00.00.000<sub>12</sub> a ''taikaotre'' (or simply ''trabo gagaraitra''), and 1.00.00.00.00.000 a ''gagataikaotre'' (or ''mame tigada gagaraitra''). | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||