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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Class==== | ====Class==== | ||
There are 9 inherent [[w:noun class|noun class]]es in the Kiwi language. These do to some extent govern [[w:obviation|obviation]], and [[w:agreement (linguistics)|agreement]] with adjectives. They are mainly dependent upon size and edibility. | There are 9 inherent [[w:noun class|noun class]]es in the Kiwi language. These do to some extent govern [[w:obviation|obviation]], and [[w:agreement (linguistics)|agreement]] with adjectives. They are mainly dependent upon size and edibility. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! Class !! Prefix !! | |||
|- | |||
| I || ''ki-'' ||''edible but holy animates; humans, domestic animals'' | |||
|- | |||
| II || ''mahā-'' || ''big animate edibles; big animals'' | |||
|- | |||
| III || ''mē-'' || ''small edibles; plants, fish'' | |||
|- | |||
| IV || ''we-'' || ''big inedibles; objects'' | |||
|- | |||
| V || ''wīʻa-'' || ''small inedibles'' | |||
|- | |||
| VI || ''tāʻi-'' || '' big shapeless inedibles; ocean, cloud'' | |||
|- | |||
| VII || ''etē-''|| ''shapeless inedibles; water, mud, rope'' | |||
|- | |||
| VIII || ''yi-'' || ''abstractions, concepts, as well as titles'' | |||
|- | |||
| IX || ''tāne-'' || ''bodyparts, extremities'' | |||
|} | |||
Since the classes are relatively defined, it is not morphologically marked which class a noun belongs to. The prefixes are instead fixed on nouns to derive adjectives and adverbs. And epenthic glottal stop, <ʻ> is added if two vowels collide. | |||
Word order is most often irrelevant, since Kiwi is more or less [[w:Non-configurationality|non-configurational]]. See ''[[Kiwi#Syntax|Syntax]]'' for further information. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = rānaʻ | |||
|IPA = /raːˈnɑʔ/ | |||
|morphemes = rānaʻ | |||
|gloss = beauty.c8.PA | |||
|translation = beauty | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = {{c|ōri}} kirānaʻ | |||
|IPA = /oːˈrɪ kɪraːˈnɑʔ/ | |||
|morphemes = ōri ki-rānaʻ | |||
|gloss = girl.c1.PA ADZ.c1-beauty.c8.PA | |||
|translation = beautiful girl | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = yi'{{c|ōri}} rānaʻ | |||
|IPA = /jɪʔoːˈrɪ raːˈnɑʔ/ | |||
|morphemes = yi-ōri rānaʻ | |||
|gloss = ADZ.c8-girl.c1.PA beauty.c8.PA | |||
|translation = girly beauty | |||
}} | |||
Pluralisation works as usual, and adjectivized nouns are simply pluralised before the class prefix is attached. See ''[[Kiwi#Plural|Plural]]'' for further information. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = {{c|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ | |||
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪkuˈlaːʔ/ | |||
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ | |||
|gloss = ocean.c6.PA ADZ.c6-darkness.c8.PA | |||
|translation = dark ocean | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = {{c|ʻuhūluna}} tāʻikekulāʻ | |||
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪkəkuˈlaːʔ/ | |||
|morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ | |||
|gloss = PL~ocean.c6 ADZ.c6-PL~darkness.c8 | |||
|translation = dark oceans | |||
}} | |||
====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||