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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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===Genitive case=== | ===Genitive case=== | ||
The genitive case (''cārūkire dirūnnevya'') is most commonly used to express simple possession and always comes before the possessed noun (except for poetry): | The genitive case (''cārūkire dirūnnevya'') is most commonly used to express simple possession and always comes before the possessed noun (except for poetry): | ||
# ''nunū | # ''nunū lilyai buneyi jṛṣṇa.'' | ||
#: that_near_listener.<small>DIR</small>. my-<small>GEN</small>. female's_older_sister-<small>GEN.SG</small>. backpack.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | #: that_near_listener.<small>DIR</small>. my-<small>GEN</small>. female's_older_sister-<small>GEN.SG</small>. backpack.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | ||
#: That is my older sister's backpack. | #: That is my older sister's backpack. | ||
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The genitive forms of pronouns are peculiar as they decline for case when used attributively: | The genitive forms of pronouns are peculiar as they decline for case when used attributively: | ||
: '' | : ''lilyā nacai'' – my clothes (my.<small>DIR</small>. cloth-<small>DIR.PL</small>.) | ||
: '' | : ''lilyai nacumi'' – of my clothes (my-<small>GEN</small>. cloth-<small>GEN.PL</small>.) | ||
A common use of the genitive is to express possession, i.e. what would be translated by the English verb "to have" (there is a Chlouvānem verb, ''cārake'', which is translated as "to have, possess", but it is mostly used in legal or literary contexts, or set phrases). This is especially often done when the possessor is not an explicit topic (as in the second example). | A common use of the genitive is to express possession, i.e. what would be translated by the English verb "to have" (there is a Chlouvānem verb, ''cārake'', which is translated as "to have, possess", but it is mostly used in legal or literary contexts, or set phrases). This is especially often done when the possessor is not an explicit topic (as in the second example). | ||
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A few intransitive verbs require an argument expressed in the genitive, most commonly ''ḍhūke'' (to remember): | A few intransitive verbs require an argument expressed in the genitive, most commonly ''ḍhūke'' (to remember): | ||
# '' | # ''nanyā ḍhvęru.'' | ||
#: <small>2SG.HIGHER.GEN</small>. remember-<small>IND.PRES.1SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | #: <small>2SG.HIGHER.GEN</small>. remember-<small>IND.PRES.1SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | ||
#: I remember you. | #: I remember you. | ||