2,334
edits
West Carpathian grammar: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Cases
(→Cases) |
(→Cases) |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
===Cases=== | ===Cases=== | ||
West Carpathian has eleven cases: six grammatical cases, three locative cases, three directional cases. The most typical case endings for singular ('''sg''') and plural ('''pl''') numbers are shown in the table below: | West Carpathian has eleven cases: six grammatical cases, three locative cases, three directional cases. The most typical case endings for singular ('''sg''') and plural ('''pl''') numbers are shown in the table below: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Case | ! rowspan="2" | Case | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Possessive suffixes=== | |||
Instead of separate possessive pronouns, like English "my" or "her", West Carpathian uses [[w:Possessive affix|special suffixes]]. The number of possessors and their person are distinguished. The notable feature is that if a possession is a subject or a direct object of a sentence, it would take a different possessive suffix, than a word in an another case (like genitive or dative). The following are the forms of ''oiva'' "head", declined to show possession: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Grammatical person|person]] !! [[w:Grammatical number|number]] !! Subject !! Object !! Other cases !! Translation | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | first-person || singular || ''oivasā'' || ''oivame'' || ''oiv(a)-vjad'' || ''my head'' | |||
|- | |||
| plural || ''oivatōk'' || ''oivammō'' || ''oiv(a)-vnad'' || ''our head'' | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | second-person || singular || ''oivasa'' || ''oivama'' || ''oiv(a)-vja'' || ''your (sing.) head'' | |||
|- | |||
| plural || ''oivakēk'' || ''oivammē'' || ''oiv(a)-vna'' || ''your (pl.) head'' | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | third-person || ''oivasau'' || ''oivamau'' || ''oiv(a)-vjau'' || ''his/her/its head'' | |||
|- | |||
| plural || ''oivapōk'' || ''oivammou'' || ''oiv(a)-vnou'' || ''their head'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Words written through the hyphen (-) indicates an insertion of a case ending. When used with cases other than nominative or accusative, a possessive suffix always comes after a case ending, so it is sometimes called a postfix. For example: ''utuovjau'' "on his/her hand". | |||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||