Proto-Carpathian: Difference between revisions

Proto-Carpathian (view source)

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 Though being present in early South Carpathian, voiced affricates probably have not yet appeared and thus plain voiceless affricates *c, *ć and *č did not contrast with anything, being already a weak grade of their geminated counterparts. Also *w was not a separate phoneme, but rather an allophone of *b word-initially. The *ď consonant was actually voiced and geminated /ɟː/, it devoiced later in West and East Carpathian (''*keďďə<sub>1</sub>'' > ''keťi'' "ball of thread") and merged /j/ in South Carpathian.
+===Phonotactics===
+Stress was not phonemic, although at least two tones (or three if counting the neutral tone) remained in Early Proto-Carpathian. If the tone was on a long vowel, then while adding a suffix that contained a non-reduced vowel, the tone shifted to that vowel. For example: ''*keéčü'' "spruce" became ''*keečǘ-däx'' in the genitive case. The tone became no longer distinguished by Middle Proto-Carpathian, but it influenced gradation patterns and vowel alterations (West Carpathian ''keahci'' - ''kēttiä'')
+Root words included at least two moras, being either monosyllabic with a long vowel as a nucleus, or disyllabic. Roots with three or more syllables usually had at least one syllable with a reduced vowel as its nucleus. Almost any single consonant could begin or end a syllable, but only *l, *ð, *n, *t, *r, *s, *k and *x could appear word-finally.
 ==Grammar==