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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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→Honorific speech
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|+ Most common terms with honorific speech alternatives <small>(in Latin alphabetical order)</small> | |+ Most common terms with honorific speech alternatives <small>(in Latin alphabetical order)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! English !! Humble !! Neutral !! Respectful | ! English !! Humble<br/><small>(''nīnamaiva'' or ''emmāmaiva'')</small> !! Neutral<br/><small>(''nūṣṭhamaiva'' or ''lilamaiva'')</small> !! Respectful<br/><small>(''imatimaiva'')</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! advice, tip, suggestion | ! advice, tip, suggestion | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! to ask | ! to ask | ||
| yacce <small>(√yac- '''(3)''')</small><br/><small>(also ''yaccechlašake'')</small> || muṣke <small>(√muṣ- '''(u → i)''')</small> || pṛdhake <small>(√pṛdh-)</small> | | rowspan=2 | yacce <small>(√yac- '''(3)''')</small><br/><small>(also ''yaccechlašake'')</small> || muṣke <small>(√muṣ- '''(u → i)''')</small> || pṛdhake <small>(√pṛdh-)</small> | ||
|- | |||
! to command, order | |||
| spruvyake <small>(√spruvy- '''(2)''')</small> || hāryaṃdṛke <small>(√dṛ-)</small><br/>spruvyake | |||
|- | |- | ||
! cup of tea<ref>The humble-neutral form is almost never used (and in fact means "cup with tea"), as ''ñimbha'' is typically found in teahouses' and restaurants' menus, and used by waiters towards customers.</ref> | ! cup of tea<ref>The humble-neutral form is almost never used (and in fact means "cup with tea"), as ''ñimbha'' is typically found in teahouses' and restaurants' menus, and used by waiters towards customers.</ref> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! ear | ! ear | ||
| yuppas || colspan=2 | | | yuppas || colspan=2 | minnūlya | ||
|- | |- | ||
! eye | ! eye | ||
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! father | ! father | ||
| colspan=2 | bunā || tāmvāram | | colspan=2 | bunā || tāmvāram | ||
|- | |||
! food | |||
| colspan=2 | yųlgis || enekīh | |||
|- | |- | ||
! foot | ! foot | ||
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! request, question | ! request, question | ||
| icūm || muṣas || pardha | | icūm || muṣas || pardha | ||
|- | |||
! to reward | |||
| ''tambina męlike''<br/><small>''the speaker is rewarded/rewards''</small> || colspan=2 | ṣomiheiljilde <small>(√jild-)</small><br/><small>''the listener, or respected third party, rewards/is rewarded by anyone but the speaker''</small> | |||
|- | |||
! reward | |||
| tambina<br/><small>''the speaker is rewarded/rewards''</small> || colspan=2 | ṣomiheila <br/><small>''the listener, or respected third party, rewards/is rewarded by anyone but the speaker''</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! to suggest, advise | ! to suggest, advise | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Not considered part of honorific speech, but related to it, are the many synonyms, especially of Lällshag origin. While sometimes Lällshag words were borrowed in a more abstract quality (e.g. like how ''jinobå'' meant "right, correct" in Lällshag but was borrowed as ''inuba'', meaning "justice"), it is very common for a single concept to have many synonyms, many of them not that used in common speech but proper in literature - English has a good parallel in its Latinate words, and therefore the more refined Chlouvānem words are often better translated as Latinate words. For example, ''taili'' "much, many" is the common word, but its Lällshag translation ''jåloca'' was borrowed as ''yolṣa'' "copious"<ref>The Chlouvānem borrowed words mentioned here are nouns, not adverbs: e.g. the native adverb in ''taili māra'' "many mangoes" vs. the borrowed nouns in ''māri yolṣa'' "a copious amount of mangoes", ''māri mumūyakim'' "abundant mangoes", etc.</ref>; ''mo-moujakig'' "batches, loads" as ''mumūyakim'' "abundant, abundance", or ''må-råho'' "barrels" as ''mårga'' "multiple". Similar doublets exist for many concept, often with more than two words due to more regional variants, sometimes from the pre-Chlouvānem languages of the lower Plain; an example may be native ''ñaryāh'' "mountain, hill" and the borrowings ''šullas'' "hill" (from Lällshag), ''gårvas'' "hill (esp. steep); mountain" (also from Lällshag), ''ħilša'' "hill" (prob. Old Kāṃradeši), as well as more strictly regional words such as ''bonduka'' (of Dabuke origin) or ''šiša'' (Toyubeshian). | Not considered part of honorific speech, but related to it, are the many synonyms, especially of Lällshag origin. While sometimes Lällshag words were borrowed in a more abstract quality (e.g. like how ''jinobå'' meant "right, correct" in Lällshag but was borrowed as ''inuba'', meaning "justice"), or generalized to very specific contexts (''jepomaa'' "apprentice" as ''emmā'' (arch. ''yemmā'') "person (humble)") it is very common for a single concept to have many synonyms, many of them not that used in common speech but proper in literature - English has a good parallel in its Latinate words, and therefore the more refined Chlouvānem words are often better translated as Latinate words. For example, ''taili'' "much, many" is the common word, but its Lällshag translation ''jåloca'' was borrowed as ''yolṣa'' "copious"<ref>The Chlouvānem borrowed words mentioned here are nouns, not adverbs: e.g. the native adverb in ''taili māra'' "many mangoes" vs. the borrowed nouns in ''māri yolṣa'' "a copious amount of mangoes", ''māri mumūyakim'' "abundant mangoes", etc.</ref>; ''mo-moujakig'' "batches, loads" as ''mumūyakim'' "abundant, abundance", or ''må-råho'' "barrels" as ''mårga'' "multiple". Similar doublets exist for many concept, often with more than two words due to more regional variants, sometimes from the pre-Chlouvānem languages of the lower Plain; an example may be native ''ñaryāh'' "mountain, hill" and the borrowings ''šullas'' "hill" (from Lällshag), ''gårvas'' "hill (esp. steep); mountain" (also from Lällshag), ''ħilša'' "hill" (prob. Old Kāṃradeši), as well as more strictly regional words such as ''bonduka'' (of Dabuke origin) or ''šiša'' (Toyubeshian). | ||
==="Thinking" in Chlouvānem=== | ==="Thinking" in Chlouvānem=== | ||