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Ris (view source)

Revision as of 11:41, 31 October 2013

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=====The glottal fricative=====
=====The glottal fricative=====
The phoneme /h/, the so called glottal fricative, is in [[w:free variation|free variation]] with the unvoiced palatal fricative /ç/ as well as the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.  
The phoneme /h/, the so called glottal fricative, is in [[w:free variation|free variation]] with the unvoiced palatal fricative /ç/ as well as the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.  
{{Gloss/indexable
{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = {{blue|H}}antouzi.
|phrase = {{blue|H}}antouzi.
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|index = 1
|index = 1
}}
}}
The velar fricative is the most common one, but the phones are all affected by palatalisation from front vowels, producing the palatal fricative [ç].  
The velar fricative is the most common one. However, /h/ is susceptible to palatalisation from front vowels which tends to produce the palatal fricative [ç].  
 
{{Gloss/indexable
{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = Ah, {{blue|h}}estimi
|phrase = Ah, {{blue|h}}estimi
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|index = 3
|index = 3
}}
}}
 
=====The ejective plosives=====
=====Palatalisation=====
The [[w:ejective consonant|ejective]] plosives of Ris, /pʼ, tʼ, kʼ/ written <nowiki><b, d, g></nowiki>, are de-ejectivised when preceding another consonant
[[w:Palatalisation|Palatalisation]] applies to velar consonants and occurs due to two main factors:
{{Gloss/indexable
* '''Internally''': Front vowels and the palatal approximant, /j/, tend to palatalise preceding consonants if the syllable is stressed.
|phrase = En, him{{blue|b}}dous.
**C[-pal, +velar]  → C[+pal, -velar] / _V[+front, +stress]
|IPA = /ɛn ˈçɪːm{{blue|p}}tʼʊs/
* '''Externally''': A final near-close near-front vowel, /ɪ/, palatalises the initial consonant of the following word.
|morphemes = en himbdous
 
|gloss = yes.INT glorified_fool.I.SG
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5"
|translation = Yes, a glorified fool.
|+
|index = 4
<!-- Script-->
}}{{Gloss/indexable
| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|ρ}}ακι'''
|phrase = Ouhi, sti a{{blue|g}}rous?
 
|IPA = /ˈʊçɪ stɪ ˈaː{{blue|k}}rʊs/
!
|morphemes = ouhi sti agrous
 
|gloss = no.INT what.IV.SG area.IV.SG
| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|τ}}η'''
|translation = No, what area?
 
|index = 5
!
}}{{Gloss/indexable
 
|phrase = Ta a{{blue|d}}rhastika.
| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|ἠ}}στιμι'''
|IPA = /ta a{{blue|t}}r̥ʰastɪˈkaː/
 
|morphemes = ta adrhasti-ka
!
|gloss = so sudden.IV.SG-DIM
 
|translation = How sudden.
| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|τ}}ι {{blue|κ}}ατέρριστουας?'''
|index = 6
|-
}}
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="3"| '''ra{{blue|k}}i'''
 
!
 
| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|t}}é'''
 
!
 
| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|h}}éstimi?'''
 
!
 
| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|t}}i {{blue|k}}atérristouas?'''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|/ˈrakɪ/
 
! →
 
|[ˈracɪ]
 
!
 
|/ˈteː/
 
! →
 
|[ˈteː]
 
!
 
|/ˈheːstɪmɪ/
 
! →
 
| [ˈçeːstɪmɪ]
 
!
 
| /ˈtɪ kaˈtɛrrɪstwas/
 
! →
 
| [ˈtɪ caˈtɛrrɪstwas̟]
|-
<!-- Translation -->
| colspan="3"| ''root'' .{{sc|in.gen}}
 
!
 
| colspan="3"| ''how''
 
!
 
| colspan="3"| ''pride.'' .{{sc|f.pat}}
 
!
 
| colspan="3"|''What are you writing?''
|}


====Phonological processes====
====Phonological processes====
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