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(Created page with "Tossaq (Toqyaq) is an Indo-European language with aggressive assimilatory sound changes. <br /> == Sound Changes == === Pre-Proto-Tossaq === * Diphthongisation of e and o to...") |
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=== Early-Middle Tossaq === | |||
* Voiceless consonants preceded by {{smallcaps|-q}} become geminated | |||
* In some dialects, long vowels before voiced consonants become -VN | |||
:* in other dialects, vowels followed by {{smallcaps|-q}} and a voiced consonant become long | |||
* In some dialects, liquids preceded by both {{smallcaps|-q & -h}} become voiceless | |||
:* In other dialects, liquids and fricatives preceded by {{smallcaps|-q}} become plosives | |||
* In some dialects, -{{smallcaps|q}}N- yields a geminate plosive, in others it just results in a prestopped consonant. | |||
* Across most dialects, voiced ʀ becomes /l~r/ | |||
Examples: | |||
* toq-yaq -> toqẙak (toççaq, toccaq) | |||
* toq-fan -> toqfan (toffan, toppan) | |||
* toq(ʀa) -> toq, toqʀ̊a | |||
* uubůq(weh) -> unbůq, unbůqẘa | |||
=== Modern Tossaq === | |||
* In some dialects, the following vowel mergers occur: | |||
:* ü, u | |||
:* i, ǝ | |||
:* a, æ | |||
* In most dialects, ç -> sh, c -> ch | |||
:* In some dialects, hi, ʀ̊i and hu, ʀ̊u yield çi and fu, and these varying merge with other fricatives in behaviour here. | |||
* -h is merged with -q in some dialects, and lengthens vowels in others | |||
* In some dialects, -q disappears when it has nothing to interact with. Its assimilatory effects are still productive in those dialects. | |||
:* This sometimes leads to an accent system forming, with -Vq vowels becoming -v̀. | |||
:* This accent system then expands such that all closed syllables become low accents, and all open syllables become high accents. | |||
* In some dialects, -qʀ- becomes -kk- ~ -qq-. | |||
Examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! P.Indo-European !! Proto-Tossaq !! Late-Middle Tossaq !! Modern Tossaq !! English | |||
|- | |||
| *tewtex-yekós || tyatwăʀă-yakwă || toq-yaq || tòcchà || national language | |||
|- | |||
| *tewtex-somos || tyatwăʀă-swamăs || toq-fan || tòppàn || union | |||
|- | |||
| *drukós || ǝddukwăs || üü-buq || únbù || trough | |||
|- | |||
| *wiḱpotís || wǝkpwatyǝ̆s || wůq-peq || ùppè || village head | |||
|- | |||
| *déḱos, -es- || dyakyăsă || deq, deteh || dè, détèè || right, proper, honourable; honours | |||
|- | |||
| *nébhos, -es- || nyab̈yăsă || nee, nedeh || néé, nédèè || cloud; clouds | |||
|} | |||