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Cuoxeh: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | |||
|name = Cuoxeh | |||
|nativename = Cuoxeh | |||
|pronunciation = kʷoˈʃeʔ | |||
|region = [[wikipedia:Central America|Central America]] | |||
|states = [[wikipedia:Guatemala|Guatemala]],<br>[[wikipedia:Belize|Belize]] | |||
|speakers = <15,000 | |||
|date = 2010 | |||
|familycolor = Language isolate | |||
|script1 = Latn | |||
}} | |||
'''Cuoxeh''' (pronounced /[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|kʷoˈʃeʔ]]/, literally "the speech" or "the talk") is a small native American language spoken in Belize and Guatemala. There are between 10,000 and 15,000 native speakers spread out within a fairly large area of land and though the language is not officially recognised in Guatemala, it is in Belize. | '''Cuoxeh''' (pronounced /[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA|kʷoˈʃeʔ]]/, literally "the speech" or "the talk") is a small native American language spoken in Belize and Guatemala. There are between 10,000 and 15,000 native speakers spread out within a fairly large area of land and though the language is not officially recognised in Guatemala, it is in Belize. | ||
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<!--See Alabama language for allophony inspiration--> | <!--See Alabama language for allophony inspiration--> | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 765px; " | ||
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 85px; "| | ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 85px; "| | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 85px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial | ! scope="col" style="width: 85px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial | ||
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|} | |} | ||
#When the close vowels "'''i'''" and "'''ī'''" neighbour uvular consonants they are realised as [ɪ] and [ɪː] respectively (and even as [e] and [eː] by some speakers). | #When the close vowels "'''i'''" and "'''ī'''" neighbour uvular consonants they are realised as [ɪ] and [ɪː] respectively (and even as [e] and [eː] by some speakers). | ||
#The graphemes "'''c'''" and "'''cu'''" become "'''cu'''" and "'''cü'''" respectively before "'''e'''" and "'''i'''". | #The graphemes "'''c'''" and "'''cu'''" become "'''cu'''" and "'''cü'''" respectively before "'''e'''" and "'''i'''".[[File:Cuoxeh_map.png|thumb|right|250px|Approximate linguistic area of Cuoxeh shown on Google Maps.]] | ||
#In loan words, especially proper nouns, "'''c'''" may represent /s/ before "'''e'''" and "'''i'''", e.g. "'''cesałxi'''", meaning "tyrant", from the Spanish "césar". | #In loan words, especially proper nouns, "'''c'''" may represent /s/ before "'''e'''" and "'''i'''", e.g. "'''cesałxi'''", meaning "tyrant", from the Spanish "césar". | ||
#When "'''h'''" is syllable initial it is usually realised as [h] and when syllable final it is always realised as [ʔ] | #When "'''h'''" is syllable initial it is usually realised as [h] and when syllable final it is always realised as [ʔ] | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center" | ||
! style="width: 100px; "| | ! style="width: 100px; "| | ||
! style="width: 100px; "|Front | ! style="width: 100px; "|Front | ||
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====Assimilation==== | ====Assimilation==== | ||
The syllables of morphemes may be altered when followed or proceeded by certain other morphemes. A list of such assimilations is shown below: | The syllables of morphemes may be altered when followed or proceeded by certain other morphemes. A list of such assimilations is shown below: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 330px; text-align:center" | ||
! style="width: 75px; "|Coda | ! style="width: 75px; "|Coda | ||
! style="width: 35px; "| | ! style="width: 35px; "| | ||
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<!--castilla(cuoxe)h = Spanish (n.)--> | <!--castilla(cuoxe)h = Spanish (n.)--> | ||
===Pronominal verbal prefixes=== | ===Pronominal verbal prefixes=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 750px; text-align:center" | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| | ! style="width: 150px; "| | ||
! style="width: 100px; "|1ps | ! style="width: 100px; "|1ps | ||
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===Copula=== | ===Copula=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 750px; text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="7" |yō (''to be'', ''to exist'') | ! colspan="7" |yō (''to be'', ''to exist'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Regular verbs=== | ===Regular verbs=== | ||
====-V==== | ====-V==== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 750px; text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="7" |huaxa (''to give'') | ! colspan="7" |huaxa (''to give'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====-C==== | ====-C==== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 750px; text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="7" |ec (''to hear'') | ! colspan="7" |ec (''to hear'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
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==Example sentences== | ==Example sentences== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 350px; " | ||
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |Glossing abbreviations used below | ! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |Glossing abbreviations used below | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 600px; text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="2"|Graded Sentences for Analysis from http://www.potterpcs.net/gsfa/ | ! colspan="2"|Graded Sentences for Analysis from http://www.potterpcs.net/gsfa/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 600px; text-align:center" | ||
! colspan="2"|Other | ! colspan="2"|Other | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|3PL-CAUS-TRANS-NG-freeze-PI candle~PL-ABS 3SG-freeze-PF cake-ABS RC 3SG-prove-PP 3SG-NG-food-PP RC | |3PL-CAUS-TRANS-NG-freeze-PI candle~PL-ABS 3SG-freeze-PF cake-ABS RC 3SG-prove-PP 3SG-NG-food-PP RC | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Cuoxeh]] | |||