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Fargulyn languages: Difference between revisions
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There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages: | There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages: | ||
* the ''Karaskyr'' branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative ''Tūpasyumi'' in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, ''Vālkurumi'' in northwestern Kayūkānaki, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in Dūlāyirjaiṭa); | * the ''Karaskyr'' branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative ''Tūpasyumi'' in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, ''Vālkurumi'' in northwestern Kayūkānaki, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in Dūlāyirjaiṭa). It also includes the second most spoken Fargulyn language, ''Nağoi'', which is spoken in multiple countries at the eastern border of Greater Skyrdagor, being a widespread language in Byrzsysztav and Ajversziv, as well as the main minority of the Čathísǫ̃́g-speaking areas and the second-most spoken vernacular of the Chlouvānem diocese of Taibigāša<ref>Taibigāša, on the Hålvaram Plateau, historically was a Hålvarami-speaking area and that is still true for the southernmost areas, but today it is mostly divided into Nağoi-speaking rural areas and the urban areas, including Hålša, the main metropolitan area and cultural centre of the Northern Inquisition, speaking a Chlouvānem-derived creole.</ref>; | ||
* the ''Hålvarami'' languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Taibigāša). | * the ''Hålvarami'' languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Taibigāša). | ||
* the ''Balmudic'' branch, with Qorfur (language of Qorfurkweo, the diocese of Vaskuvānuh, and of the Qorfur diaspora) as its most notable member; the other languages are spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), and the branch also includes Rǣrumi; | * the ''Balmudic'' branch, with Qorfur (language of Qorfurkweo, the diocese of Vaskuvānuh, and of the Qorfur diaspora) as its most notable member; the other languages are spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), and the branch also includes Rǣrumi; | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! colspan= | ! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! colspan=6 | Karaskyr !! colspan=3 | Hålvarami !! Balmudic | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[Skyrdagor]] !! Keleb !! Yumsur !! Kareyumi !! [[Old Hålvarami]] !! modern Kayūkānakīyi !! Doyukitami !! Qorfur | ! [[Skyrdagor]] !! Keleb !! Yumsur !! Kareyumi !! Nağoi<br/>(Southern/Taibigāši) !! Nağoi<br/>(Northern) !! [[Old Hålvarami]] !! modern Kayūkānakīyi !! Doyukitami !! Qorfur | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *muɣūri <small>"house, home"</small> | ! *muɣūri <small>"house, home"</small> | ||
| mujgyr <small>[muɪ̯ɣɯr]</small> || muɣur <small>"building</small> || muwri <small>"land, plot"</small> || mŭir <small>"land, plot"</small> || muri || mâř || muyr || hor <small>"village"</small> | | mujgyr <small>[muɪ̯ɣɯr]</small> || muɣur <small>"building</small> || muwri <small>"land, plot"</small> || mŭir <small>"land, plot"</small> || moğŭr || moğŭr || muri || mâř || muyr || hor <small>"village"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ɬˤosa <small>"water"</small> | ! *ɬˤosa <small>"water"</small> | ||
| lso <small>[ɬo]</small> || shos || ɬas || łos <small>"cool"</small> || šorha || šoyra || sorre || cos | | lso <small>[ɬo]</small> || shos || ɬas || łos <small>"cool"</small> || lås || lous || šorha || šoyra || sorre || cos | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *qāraha <small>"mountain"</small> | ! *qāraha <small>"mountain"</small> | ||
| Ɂorah <small>[Ɂorax]</small> || gorkho || kara || qoraḥ || qårha || ħayra || qarre || qor | | Ɂorah <small>[Ɂorax]</small> || gorkho || kara || qoraḥ || qåraha || gourah || qårha || ħayra || qarre || qor | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ñoβūrit <small>"tree"</small> | ! *ñoβūrit <small>"tree"</small> | ||
| nyjrt <small>[nʊɪ̯˞t]</small> || nöyri || ñowrid || nyuert || njurit || yurit || ñurit || neort | | nyjrt <small>[nʊɪ̯˞t]</small> || nöyri || ñowrid || nyuert || nourŭt || nyouret || njurit || yurit || ñurit || neort | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *fārūɣalu <small>"family"</small> | ! *fārūɣalu <small>"family"</small> | ||
| fargylva <small>[fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ]<br/>"family, relative"</small> || forɣowa <small>"home"</small> || fargwa <small>"home"</small> || forivar <small>"home"</small> || fårwal || fâra || forvau || forur <small>"home"</small> | | fargylva <small>[fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ]<br/>"family, relative"</small> || forɣowa <small>"home"</small> || fargwa <small>"home"</small> || forivar <small>"home"</small> || fåğrŭb <small>"home"</small> || fourgu <small>"home"</small> || fårwal || fâra || forvau || forur <small>"home"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *tˤemoru <small>"green"</small> | ! *tˤemoru <small>"green"</small> | ||
| tamyr <small>[tamɯr]</small> || tamor || tamru || tamor || termur || tyârum || tsârrun || t'emer <small>"forest; growth"</small> | | tamyr <small>[tamɯr]</small> || tamor || tamru || tamor || tamŭz || tamŭz || termur || tyârum || tsârrun || t'emer <small>"forest; growth"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *qaθˤī <small>"red"</small> | ! *qaθˤī <small>"red"</small> | ||
| Ɂajth <small>[Ɂaɪ̯θ]</small> || gay <small>"yellow"</small> || kawi || qah || qari || ħař || qair || qaet' <small>"blood"</small> | | Ɂajth <small>[Ɂaɪ̯θ]</small> || gay <small>"yellow"</small> || kawi || qah || qadi || gadi || qari || ħař || qair || qaet' <small>"blood"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *fūtaβu <small>"sea"</small> | ! *fūtaβu <small>"sea"</small> | ||
| fydhov <small>[fɯðoː]</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"water"</small> || futå <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || fotu <small>"lake"</small> | | fydhov <small>[fɯðoː]</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"water"</small> || fŭtou <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"sky"</small> || futå <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || fotu <small>"lake"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *Ɂanwaski <small>"sun"</small> | ! *Ɂanwaski <small>"sun"</small> | ||
| navskj <small>[nɔːʃc͡ç]</small> || nush || anux || anuški || anåki || anac || anaki || wask <small>"sun; South"</small> | | navskj <small>[nɔːʃc͡ç]</small> || nush || anux || anuški || anušk || anušk || anåki || anac || anaki || wask <small>"sun; South"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *qāximu <small>"eye"</small> | ! *qāximu <small>"eye"</small> | ||
| Ɂojm <small>[Ɂɔɪ̯m]</small> || gokhin || kaymu || qoḥm || qåjm || ħâym || qoyn || qosom | | Ɂojm <small>[Ɂɔɪ̯m]</small> || gokhin || kaymu || qoḥm || qåhŭm || gouhem || qåjm || ħâym || qoyn || qosom | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *dārxaqa <small>"people"</small> | ! *dārxaqa <small>"people"</small> | ||
| dogor <small>[doːr]</small> || dogro || daxara || doḥra || tålwaq || tauða || tavoq || duraq | | dogor <small>[doːr]</small> || dogro || daxara || doḥra || dåqah || dougah || tålwaq || tauða || tavoq || duraq | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ayn <small>"one"</small> | ! *ayn <small>"one"</small> | ||
| oj <small>[ɔɪ̯]</small> || ein || eñ || ein || en || ân || yân || aen | | oj <small>[ɔɪ̯]</small> || ein || eñ || ein || ein || ein || en || ân || yân || aen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *sˤexa <small>"two"</small> | ! *sˤexa <small>"two"</small> | ||
| szuj <small>[suɪ̯]</small> || sükho || šia || šŭi'a || sirja || šâř || sirs || t'e | | szuj <small>[suɪ̯]</small> || sükho || šia || šŭi'a || sŭha || sŭha || sirja || šâř || sirs || t'e | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *bawuk <small>"three"</small> | ! *bawuk <small>"three"</small> | ||
| buvk <small>[buːk]</small> || buk || bug || buk || poək || pūk || pok || buq | | buvk <small>[buːk]</small> || buk || bug || buk || buk || buk || poək || pūk || pok || buq | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *Ɂūraʃ <small>"four"</small> | ! *Ɂūraʃ <small>"four"</small> | ||
| ryjes <small>[rʊɪ̯ʃ]</small> || iresh || irx || ŭrš || oəra || ūr || or || horos | | ryjes <small>[rʊɪ̯ʃ]</small> || iresh || irx || ŭrš || ŭrŭš || ŭrŭš || oəra || ūr || or || horos | ||
|} | |} | ||