Intralingua/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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==Articles==
==Articles==
The definite articles are is ''{{C|le}}'' or ''{{C|la}}'' and indefinite articles are ''{{C|un}}'' or ''{{C|una}}'' (the same as the number "one"). They are invariable and are used roughly as in English. The prepositions ''{{C|a}}'' 'to' and ''{{C|de}}'' 'of' can optionally be fused with the definite articles into  ''{{C|del}}'' and ''{{C|al}}'', the masculine and feminine respectively.
The definite articles are is ''{{term|le}}'' or ''{{term|la}}'' and indefinite articles are ''{{term|un}}'' or ''{{term|una}}'' (the same as the number "one"). They are invariable and are used roughly as in English. The prepositions ''{{term|a}}'' 'to' and ''{{term|de}}'' 'of' can optionally be fused with the definite articles into  ''{{term|del}}'' and ''{{term|al}}'', the masculine and feminine respectively.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Nouns inflect for number. Plural nouns take ''{{C|-s}}'' after a vowel, ''-es'' after a consonant (but final ''-c'' changes to ''-ches'' to preserve the {{IPA|[k]}} sound of ''c'').
Nouns inflect for number. Plural nouns take ''{{term|-s}}'' after a vowel, ''-es'' after a consonant (but final ''-c'' changes to ''-ches'' to preserve the {{IPA|[k]}} sound of ''c'').


:''{{C|catto}}''   'cat'  →  ''cattos''  'cats'
:''{{term|catto}}''   'cat'  →  ''cattos''  'cats'
:''{{C|can}}''  'dog'  →  ''canes''  'dogs'
:''{{term|can}}''  'dog'  →  ''canes''  'dogs'
:''{{C|roc}}''   'rook' [chess]   →  ''roches''  'rooks'
:''{{term|roc}}''   'rook' [chess]   →  ''roches''  'rooks'


Intralingua has grammatical gender, like all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{C|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{C|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{C|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{C|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{C|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{C|-essa}}''.  So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.
Intralingua has grammatical gender, like all Romance languages. Animate nouns are sex-neutral, unless they refer specifically to a male or a female in the lexicon. Thus, ''{{term|jornalista}}'' 'journalist' and ''{{term|scientista}}'' 'scientist' are usable of both men and women, even though ''{{term|rege}}'' 'king' and ''{{term|regina}}'' 'queen' are sex-specific. Feminine forms can be created by substituting final ''{{term|-a}}'' for a final ''-o'' or ''-e'' or by adding the suffix ''{{term|-essa}}''.  So it is that gender refers more to the form (i.e. ending) than to sex.


:''{{C|puero}}''   'boy'   →  ''puera''  'girl'
:''{{term|puero}}''   'boy'   →  ''puera''  'girl'
:''{{C|tigre}}''   'tiger'   →  ''tigressa''  'female tiger'
:''{{term|tigre}}''   'tiger'   →  ''tigressa''  'female tiger'


These color the regular forms as masculine when they appear in the same context.
These color the regular forms as masculine when they appear in the same context.
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:''le parves infantes''   'the little children';    but    ''le parves''   'the little ones'
:''le parves infantes''   'the little children';    but    ''le parves''   'the little ones'


Comparative degree is expressed by ''{{C|plus}}'' or ''{{C|minus}}'' preceding the adjective and superlative degree by ''le plus'' or ''la minus''.
Comparative degree is expressed by ''{{term|plus}}'' or ''{{term|minus}}'' preceding the adjective and superlative degree by ''le plus'' or ''la minus''.


:''un plus feroce leon''   'a fiercer lion'
:''un plus feroce leon''   'a fiercer lion'
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:''le solution le minus costose''   'the least costly solution'.
:''le solution le minus costose''   'the least costly solution'.


The suffix ''{{C|-issime}}'' may be used to express the absolute superlative degree.
The suffix ''{{term|-issime}}'' may be used to express the absolute superlative degree.


:''una aventura excellentissima''   'a most excellent adventure'
:''una aventura excellentissima''   'a most excellent adventure'


The adjectives ''{{C|bon}}'' 'good', ''{{C|mal}}'' 'bad', ''{{C|magne}}'' 'great', and ''{{C|parve}}'' 'small' have optional irregular forms for the comparative and superlative.
The adjectives ''{{term|bon}}'' 'good', ''{{term|mal}}'' 'bad', ''{{term|magne}}'' 'great', and ''{{term|parve}}'' 'small' have optional irregular forms for the comparative and superlative.


:{|
:{|
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==Adverbs==
==Adverbs==
There are two types of adverbs, primary and secondary. Primary adverbs are a closed class of grammatical operators, such as ''{{C|quasi}},'' 'almost'; ''{{C|jam}}'', 'already'; and ''{{C|totevi}},'' 'anyway'. Secondary adverbs are an open class derived from corresponding adjectives by adding the suffix ''{{C|-menti}}'' (''-amenti'' after final ''-c'').
There are two types of adverbs, primary and secondary. Primary adverbs are a closed class of grammatical operators, such as ''{{term|quasi}},'' 'almost'; ''{{term|jam}}'', 'already'; and ''{{term|totevi}},'' 'anyway'. Secondary adverbs are an open class derived from corresponding adjectives by adding the suffix ''{{term|-menti}}'' (''-amenti'' after final ''-c'').


:''felice''   'happy'   →   ''felicementi''   'happily'
:''felice''   'happy'   →   ''felicementi''   'happily'

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