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Attian (view source)

Revision as of 17:06, 22 November 2012

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This construction gives a language quite restricted in the number of onsets possible, in comparison to for example [[w:English language|English]] [[w:English language#Phonotactics|phonotactics]] and [[w:English language#Phonology|phonology]]. In addition to this, only some of the possible clusters are actually present as onsets in the language. One should remember however, that all diphthongs belong to the vowel category. They increase the weight, but can still be in both coda and nucleus.
This construction gives a language quite restricted in the number of onsets possible, in comparison to for example [[w:English language|English]] [[w:English language#Phonotactics|phonotactics]] and [[w:English language#Phonology|phonology]]. In addition to this, only some of the possible clusters are actually present as onsets in the language. One should remember however, that all diphthongs belong to the vowel category. They increase the weight, but can still be in both coda and nucleus.
The coda consonant may be any consonant but ⟨j⟩ - final ⟨j⟩ simply does not occur. All roots inherited from Proto-Attamian lost the ⟨j⟩ in coda position.


Since the language is a rather fusional one, speakers should be wary of agglutinating morphemes. Should an affix be agglutinated to a stem, the affix normally loses its epenthic vowel. This occurs if a diaresis arises, or if the affix' consonant(s) is in compliance with the phonotactics.
Since the language is a rather fusional one, speakers should be wary of agglutinating morphemes. Should an affix be agglutinated to a stem, the affix normally loses its epenthic vowel. This occurs if a diaresis arises, or if the affix' consonant(s) is in compliance with the phonotactics.


===Consonant clusters===
===Combinatorics===
<!--{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:560px;"
====Syllable codas====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:560px;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Finals  
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Finals  
! colspan="9"|Codas
! colspan="11"|Codas
|-
|-
!(none)  
!(none)  
!m
!n  
!n  
!ŋ  
!ŋ  
!p
!t
!t
!d
!k  
!k
!g
!s
!s
!l
!ɹ
!y
!w
|-
|-
! rowspan="6"|Monophthong<br />nuclei  
! rowspan="10"|Monophthong<br />nuclei  
!a  
!a
|a
|a
|am
|an
|an
|aŋ
|aŋ
|ap
|at
|at
|ad
|ak
|ak
|ag
|as
|as
|al
|aɹ
|aj
|aw
|-
|-
!ɛ  
!ɛ  
|ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛm
|ɛn
|ɛn
|ɛŋ
|ɛŋ
|ɛp
|ɛt
|ɛt
|ɛd
|ɛk
|ɛk
|ɛg
|ɛs
|ɛs
|ɛl
|ɛɹ
|ɛy
|ɛw
|-
|-
!ɔ
!e
|ɔ
|e
|ɔm
|en
|ɔn
|eŋ
|ɔŋ
|et
|ɔp
|ed
|ɔt
|ek
|ɔk
|eg
|ɔs
|es
|ɔl
|eɹ
|-
|ey
!u
|ew
|u
|um
|un
|ʊŋ
|up
|ut
|ʊk
|us
|ul
|-
|-
!ʉ
!ə
|ʉ
|ə
|ʉm
|ən
|ʉn
|əŋ
|əŋ
|ʉp
|ət
|ʉt
|əd
|ək
|ək
|ʉs
|əg
|ʉl
|əs
|əɹ
|əy
|əw
|-
|-
!i  
!i  
|i
|i
|im
|in
|in
|ɪŋ
|iŋ
|ip
|it
|it
|ɪk
|id
|ik
|ig
|is
|is
|il
|iɹ
|ij
|iw
|-
|-
! rowspan="11"|Diphthong<br />nuclei
!ɤ
!ja
|ɤ
|ja
|ɤn
|jam
|ɤŋ
|jan
|ɤt
|jaŋ
|ɤd
|jap
|ɤk
|jat
|ɤg
|jak
|ɤs
|jas
|ɤɹ
|jal
|ɤy
|ɤw
|-
|-
!jɛ
!u
|jɛ
|u
|jɛm
|un
|jɛn
|uŋ
|jɛŋ
|ut
|jɛp
|ud
|jɛt
|uk
|jɛk
|ug
|jɛs
|us
|jɛl
|uɹ
|uy
|
|-
|-
!jɔ
!ø
|jɔ
|ø
|jɔm
|øn
|jɔn
|øŋ
|jɔŋ
|øt
|jɔp
|ød
|jɔt
|øk
|jɔk
|øg
|jɔs
|øs
|jɔl
|øɹ
|øy
|øw
|-
|-
!ju
!œ
|ju
|œ
|jum
|œn
|jun
|œŋ
|jʊŋ
|œt
|jup
|œd
|jut
|œk
|jʊk
|œg
|jus
|œs
|jul
|œɹ
|œy
|œw
|-
|-
!wa
!o
|wa
|o
|on
|oŋ
|ot
|od
|ok
|og
|os
|oɹ
|oy
|ow
|-
! rowspan="20"|Diphthong<br />nuclei
!aj
|aj
|ajn
|ajŋ
|ajt
|ajd
|ajk
|ajg
|ajs
|ajɹ
|aj
|
|
|wan
|-
|waŋ
!ɛj
|ɛj
|ɛjn
|ɛjŋ
|ɛjt
|ɛjd
|ɛjk
|ɛjg
|ɛjs
|ɛjɹ
|ɛj
|
|
|wat
|wak
|was
|wal
|-
|-
!wɛ
!ej
|wɛ
|ej
|ejn
|ejŋ
|ejt
|ejd
|ejk
|ejg
|ejs
|ejɹ
|ej
|
|
|wɛn
|-
|wɛŋ
!əj
|əj
|əjn
|əjŋ
|əjt
|əjd
|əjk
|əjg
|əjs
|əjɹ
|əj
|
|
|wɛt
|wɛk
|wɛs
|wɛl
|-
|-
!wi
|wi<sup>1</sup>
|wim
|win
|wɪŋ
|wip
|wit
|wɪk
|wis
|wil
|-
|-
!aɪ
!ij
|aɪ
|ij
|ijn
|ijŋ
|ijt
|ijd
|ijk
|ijg
|ijs
|ijɹ
|ij
|
|
|-
!ɤj
|ɤj
|ɤjn
|ɤjŋ
|ɤjt
|ɤjd
|ɤjk
|ɤjg
|ɤjs
|ɤjɹ
|ɤj
|
|
|-
!uj
|uj
|ujn
|ujŋ
|ujt
|ujd
|ujk
|ujg
|ujs
|ujɹ
|uj
|
|
|-
!øj
|øj
|øjn
|øjŋ
|øjt
|øjd
|øjk
|øjg
|øjs
|øjɹ
|øj
|
|
|-
!œj
|œj
|œjn
|œjŋ
|œjt
|œjd
|œjk
|œjg
|œjs
|œjɹ
|œj
|
|
|-
!oj
|oj
|ojn
|ojŋ
|ojt
|ojd
|ojk
|ojg
|ojs
|ojɹ
|oj
|
|
|-
!aw
|aw
|aŋ͡m
|aŋ͡m
|awt
|awd
|awk
|awg
|
|
|awɹ
|
|
|aw
|-
|-
!eɪ
!ɛw
|eɪ
|ɛw
|ɛŋ͡m
|ɛŋ͡m
|ɛwt
|ɛwd
|ɛwk
|ɛwg
|
|
|ɛwɹ
|
|
|ɛw
|-
!ew
|ew
|eŋ͡m
|eŋ͡m
|ewt
|ewd
|ewk
|ewg
|
|
|ewɹ
|
|
|ew
|-
!əw
|əw
|əwn
|əŋ͡m
|əwt
|əwd
|əwk
|əwg
|
|
|əwɹ
|
|
|əw
|-
|-
!iw
|iw
|iŋ͡m
|iŋ͡m
|iwt
|iwd
|iwk
|
|
|iwɹ
|
|
|iw
|-
|-
!ɔɪ
!ow
|ɔɪ
|ow
|oŋ͡m
|oŋ͡m
|owt
|owd
|owk
|owg
|
|
|owɹ
|
|
|ow
|-
!uw
|uw
|uŋ͡m
|uŋ͡m
|uwt
|uwd
|uwk
|uwg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!øw
|øw
|øŋ͡m
|øŋ͡m
|øwt
|øwd
|øwk
|øwg
|
|
|øwɹ
|
|
|øw
|-
|-
!uɪ
!œw
|uɪ<sup>2</sup>
|œw
|œŋ͡m
|œŋ͡m
|œwt
|œwd
|œwk
|œwg
|
|
|œwɹ
|
|
|œw
|-
!ow
|ow
|oŋ͡m
|oŋ͡m
|owt
|owd
|owk
|owg
|
|
|owɹ
|
|
|ow
|-
|}
====Consonant clusters====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:560px;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Finals
! colspan="13"|Clusters
|-
!n
!ŋ
!t
!d
!k
!g
!θ
!s
!x
!h
!ɹ
!j
!w
|-
! rowspan="13"|Consonants
!n
|nː
|ŋ͡m
|nt
|nd
|ŋk
|ŋg
|nθ
|ns
|ŋx
|nː
|nɹ
|nj
|ŋ͡m
|-
!ŋ
|ŋ͡m
|ŋː
|nt
|nd
|ŋk
|ŋg
|nθ
|ns
|ŋx
|ŋː
|ŋɹ
|ŋj
|ŋ͡m
|-
!t
|
|
|
|
|tː
|tː
|θk
|θk
|tθ
|ts
|kx
|tː
|tɹ
|tj
|tw
|-
!d
|ðg
|ðg
|dː
|dː
|
|
|
|
|dð
|dz
|dɣ
|dː
|dɹ
|dj
|dw
|-
|-
! rowspan="4"|Triphthong<br />nuclei
 
!jaɪ
!k
|jaɪ
|kn
|kŋ
|xt
|xt
|kː
|kː
|
|
|ks
|kx
|kː
|kɹ
|kj
|kw
|-
!g
|gn
|gŋ
|ɣd
|ɣd
|gː
|gː
|
|
|gz
|gɣ
|gː
|gɹ
|gj
|gw
|-
!θ
|θn
|θŋ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|θː
|θs
|
|
|θː
|θɹ
|θj
|θw
|-
!s
|
|
|
|st
|st
|sk
|sk
|sθ
|sː
|sx
|sː
|sɹ
|sj
|sw
|-
|-
!jeɪ
!x
|jeɪ
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|xt
|xt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|xs
|xː
|xː
|xr
|xj
|xw
|-
!h
|nː
|ŋː
|tː
|dː
|kː
|gː
|θː
|sː
|xː
|hː
|ɹː
|jː
|wː
|-
!ɹ
|ɹn
|ɹŋ
|ɹt
|ɹd
|ɹk
|ɹg
|ɹθ
|ɹs
|
|
|ɹː
|ɹː
|ɹj
|ɹw
|-
|-
!waɪ
!j
|waɪ
|jn
|
|jŋ
|
|jt
|
|jd
|
|jk
|
|jg
|
|jθ
|
|js
|
|jx
|jː
|jɹ
|jː
|jw
|-
|-
!weɪ
!w
|weɪ
|ŋ͡m
|
|ŋ͡m
|
|wt
|
|wd
|
|wk
|
|wg
|
|wθ
|
|ws
|
|wx
|wː
|wɹ
|wj
|wː
|}
|}
-->
===Vowel clusters===
===Vowel clusters===
The Attian language allows 12 phonemic diphthongs. Any other clusters of vocalic phonemes form diaereses. Inserting an epenthic glottal stop between these vowels is a common occurrence, or in some dialects, the glottal fricative /h/.
The Attian language allows 12 phonemic diphthongs. Any other clusters of vocalic phonemes form diaereses. Inserting an epenthic glottal stop between these vowels is a common occurrence, or in some dialects, the glottal fricative /h/.
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/2444"

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