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Neo-Kurdish: Difference between revisions
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'''Neo-Kurdish''', natively '''Nûkurdî''', is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]]. The goal of this project is to unify all Kurds with a single language. As of 2023, Kurds are very divided in a huge variety of dialects and/or languages, which makes it hard for Kurds of different regions to communicate with each other. | '''Neo-Kurdish''', natively '''Nûkurdî''', is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian group]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]]. The goal of this project is to unify all Kurds with a single language. As of 2023, Kurds are very divided in a huge variety of dialects and/or languages, which makes it hard for Kurds of different regions to communicate with each other. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
<!-- ***Phonology*** --> | <!-- ***Phonology*** --> | ||
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--> | --> | ||
==Grammar== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Neo-Kurdish nouns are inflected as in the tables below: | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | |||
! | |||
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a consonant''' | |||
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a vowel''' | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! I | |||
! II | |||
! I, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe 2 | |||
! I | |||
! II | |||
! I, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe 2 | |||
|- | |||
! Sj, Sg | |||
| | |||
| -ek<br/>ـەک | |||
| -í<br/> ِ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" |-ekí<br/>ـەکِ | |||
| | |||
| -yek<br/>ـیەک | |||
| -ý<br/> ِ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" |-yekí<br/>ـیەکِ | |||
|- | |||
! Oj, Sg | |||
| -ê<br/>ـێ | |||
| -êk<br/>ـێک | |||
| -é<br/>ـێِ | |||
| -êkí<br/>ـێکِ | |||
| -eké<br/>ـەکێِ | |||
| -yê<br/>ـیێ | |||
| -yêk<br/>ـیێک | |||
| -yé<br/>ـیێِ | |||
| -yêkí<br/>ـیێکِ | |||
| -yeké<br/>ـیەکێِ | |||
|- | |||
! Sj, Pl | |||
| | |||
| -an<br/>ـان | |||
| -í<br/> ِ | |||
| -ín<br/>ـِن | |||
| -aní<br/>ـانِ | |||
| | |||
| -yan<br/>ـیان | |||
| -ý<br/> ِ | |||
| -yín<br/>ـیِن | |||
| -yaní<br/>ـیانِ | |||
|- | |||
! Oj, Pl | |||
| -ê<br/>ـێ | |||
| -anê<br/>ـانێ | |||
| -é<br/>ـێِ | |||
| -én<br/>ـێِن | |||
| -ané<br/>ـانێِ | |||
| -yê<br/>ـیێ | |||
| -yanê<br/>ـیانێ | |||
| -yé<br/>ـیێِ | |||
| -yén<br/>ـیێِن | |||
| -yané<br/>ـیانێِ | |||
|} | |||
Now with two examples of each category: | |||
Řoj - day, sun; Name - letter, document | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | |||
! | |||
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a consonant (řoj)''' | |||
! colspan="5" align="center" |'''Ending with a vowel (name)''' | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! I | |||
! II | |||
! I, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe 2 | |||
! I | |||
! II | |||
! I, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe | |||
! II, Ezafe 2 | |||
|- | |||
! Sj, Sg | |||
| řoj<br/>ڕۆژ | |||
| řojek<br/>ڕۆژەک | |||
| řojí<br/>ڕۆژِ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" |řojekí<br/>ڕۆژەکِ | |||
| name<br/>نامە | |||
| nameyek<br/>نامەیەک | |||
| nameý<br/>نامەِ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" |nameyekí<br/>نامەیەکِ | |||
|- | |||
! Oj, Sg | |||
| řojê<br/>ڕۆژێ | |||
| řojêk<br/>ڕۆژێک | |||
| řojé<br/>ڕۆژێِ | |||
| řojêkí<br/>ڕۆژێکِ | |||
| řojeké<br/>ڕۆژەکێِ | |||
| nameyê<br/>نامەیێ | |||
| nameyêk<br/>نامەیێک | |||
| nameyé<br/>نامەیێِ | |||
| nameyêkí<br/>نامەیێکِ | |||
| nameyeké<br/>نامەیەکێِ | |||
|- | |||
! Sj, Pl | |||
| řoj<br/>ڕۆژ | |||
| řojan<br/>ڕۆژان | |||
| řojí<br/>ڕۆژِ | |||
| řojín<br/>نامەِن | |||
| řojaní<br/>ڕۆژانِ | |||
| name<br/>نامە | |||
| nameyan<br/>نامەیان | |||
| nameý<br/>نامەِ | |||
| nameyín<br/>نامەیِن | |||
| nameyaní<br/>نامەیانِ | |||
|- | |||
! Oj, Pl | |||
| řojê<br/>ڕۆژێ | |||
| řojanê<br/>ڕۆژانێ | |||
| řojé<br/>ڕۆژێِ | |||
| řojén<br/>ڕۆژێِن | |||
| řojané<br/>ڕۆژانێِ | |||
| nameyê<br/>نامەیێ | |||
| nameyanê<br/>نامەیانێ | |||
| nameyé<br/>نامەیێِ | |||
| nameyén<br/>نامەیێِن | |||
| nameyané<br/>نامەیانێِ | |||
|} | |||
The difference between I and II depends on number. If the noun is in singular form, I indicates a definite noun, whereas II indicates an indefinite noun unless it is accompanied by an article (řoj - day; řojek - a day; ew řojek - that day). If the noun is in plural form however, I indicates a noun that is defined by a number and II indicates a noun without a number (sê řoj - three days; řojan - days). However it is not seen as wrong if for the object case one uses the II. form even if it is accompanied by a number, for example: "Two days ago" can be translated to either "Berî du řojê" or "Berî du řojanê". | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||